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Este relato de experiência expõe a realização anual do programa Troca de Saberes/UFV, principalmente desde 2013, ano a partir do qual se potencializa uma inflexão mais fortemente artístico-cultural. A partir de uma abordagem do trabalho com bioconstrução, mais especificamente com equipamentos de bambu, como princípio educativo, ressaltamos o enfoque de um movimento regional de ressurgência étnica que passou a ocupar uma oca na Troca para se consolidar. Este recorte nos possibilitou explicitar amplos processos de aprendizagens, sejam acadêmicas, sejam populares. Portanto, este estudo objetiva desvelar parte da experiência de realização e o que são esses equipamentos de bambus que abrigam instalações artístico-pedagógicas e, entre elas, especificamente a Oca dos Povos Originários.

Scientific evidence regularly guides policy decisions1, with behavioural science increasingly part of this process2. In April 2020, an influential paper3 proposed 19 policy recommendations (claims) detailing how evidence from behavioural science could contribute to efforts to reduce impacts and end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we assess 747 pandemic-related research articles that empirically investigated those claims. We report the scale of evidence and whether evidence supports them to indicate applicability for policymaking. Two independent teams, involving 72 reviewers, found evidence for 18 of 19 claims, with both teams finding evidence supporting 16 (89%) of those 18 claims. The strongest evidence supported claims that anticipated culture, polarization and misinformation would be associated with policy effectiveness. Claims suggesting trusted leaders and positive social norms increased adherence to behavioural interventions also had strong empirical support, as did appealing to social consensus or bipartisan agreement. Targeted language in messaging yielded mixed effects and there were no effects for highlighting individual benefits or protecting others. No available evidence existed to assess any distinct differences in effects between using the terms physical distancing and social distancing. Analysis of 463 papers containing data showed generally large samples; 418 involved human participants with a mean of 16,848 (median of 1,699). That statistical power underscored improved suitability of behavioural science research for informing policy decisions. Furthermore, by implementing a standardized approach to evidence selection and synthesis, we amplify broader implications for advancing scientific evidence in policy formulation and prioritization.

Abstract Amidst a global food crisis, securing sustainable food sources is vital. Bivalves such as Naked Clams, historically known as shipworms, offer a promising solution due to their low environmental impact, high nutritional value, and rapid growth rates. Contrary to their image as pests, Naked Clams are the fastest growing bivalves and have various health benefits. Believed to be the world's first aquaculture species, cultivated by Aboriginal Australians 8000 years ago, they are a delicacy in Southeast Asia. Public perception of Naked Clams remains largely unexplored, hindered by their association as pests and worm‐like appearance. This study assesses the perception of Naked Clams through social media, analyzing 40 posts across Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube, with millions of views and likes. Analysis of nearly 8000 comments revealed that public perception was split, though generally more positive than negative. Concerns included appearance, potential religious dietary conflicts, and the risk of parasites, which can be addressed with educational campaigns. Importantly, 84% of commenters who tried Naked Clams reported liking them. Naked Clams are noted for their high protein content, nutrient density, and health benefits, and are enjoyed in diverse culinary forms, from traditional raw dishes, to battered calamari‐style street foods, to innovative recipes like Naked Clam ice cream. This study highlights the untapped potential of Naked Clams in global diets and calls for further exploration into moving Naked Clams from “gross to gourmet.”

Abstract Climate change is currently one of humanity’s greatest threats. To help scholars understand the psychology of climate change, we conducted an online quasi-experimental survey on 59,508 participants from 63 countries (collected between July 2022 and July 2023). In a between-subjects design, we tested 11 interventions designed to promote climate change mitigation across four outcomes: climate change belief, support for climate policies, willingness to share information on social media, and performance on an effortful pro-environmental behavioural task. Participants also reported their demographic information (e.g., age, gender) and several other independent variables (e.g., political orientation, perceptions about the scientific consensus). In the no-intervention control group, we also measured important additional variables, such as environmentalist identity and trust in climate science. We report the collaboration procedure, study design, raw and cleaned data, all survey materials, relevant analysis scripts, and data visualisations. This dataset can be used to further the understanding of psychological, demographic, and national-level factors related to individual-level climate action and how these differ across countries.

ABSTRACTIntroduction Technological innovations have been instrumental in advancing vaccine design and protective benefit. Improvements in the safety, tolerability, and efficacy/effectiveness profiles have profoundly reduced vaccine-preventable global disease morbidity and mortality. Here we present an original vaccine platform, the Multiple Antigen Presenting System (MAPS), that relies on high-affinity interactions between a biotinylated polysaccharide (PS) and rhizavidin-fused pathogen-specific proteins. MAPS allows for flexible combinations of various PS and protein components.Areas covered This narrative review summarizes the underlying principles of MAPS and describes its applications for vaccine design against bacterial and viral pathogens in non-clinical and clinical settings.Expert opinion The utilization of high-affinity non-covalent biotin–rhizavidin interactions in MAPS allows for combining multiple PS and disease-specific protein antigens in a single vaccine. The modular design enables a simplified exchange of vaccine components. Published studies indicate that MAPS technology may support enhanced immunogenic breadth (covering more serotypes, inducing B- and T-cell responses) beyond that which may be elicited via PS- or protein-based conjugate vaccines. Importantly, a more detailed characterization of MAPS-based candidate vaccines is warranted, especially in clinical studies. It is anticipated that MAPS-based vaccines could be adapted and leveraged across numerous diseases of global public health importance.

A presente pesquisa analisou as contribuições do programa extensionista TEIA/UFV na formação de seus bolsistas, tendo como referência a proposta de Boaventura de Sousa Santos para a universidade do século XXI. Esse autor analisa a necessidade de se enfrentar o tradicional distanciamento entre a universidade e a sociedade, fortalecendo os pressupostos da Ecologia de Saberes. Foram realizadas entrevistas sobre as principais concepções compartilhadas por bolsistas quanto à sua participação e formação no TEIA e às quatro áreas de ação propostas para a construção dessa universidade: acesso universitário; extensão universitária; pesquisa-ação; e ecologia de saberes. Conclui-se que o Programa TEIA vem contribuindo para uma reforma democrática da universidade e das relações de desigualdade inerentes a ela na formação de seus integrantes, sendo essa formação percebida pelos bolsistas como um diferencial transformador, preparandoos para agir e refletir criticamente diante dos problemas sociais com os quais estão envolvidos.

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to assess the guideline recommended diagnostic tools NT-proBNP and NYHA classification, with a focus on sex-specific differences. Background Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) face a heart failure (HF) risk up to four times higher than those without T2D, particularly affecting women more than twice as much as men. Despite distinct pathophysiological differences between men and women, there are currently no sex-specific recommendations for the diagnostic algorithm of HF in diabetic patients. Methods A total of 2083 patients with T2D were enrolled, and the primary endpoint was heart failure during hospitalization within a 5-year timeframe. The secondary endpoint was all-cause death. Results In female patients, frequency of HF diagnosis prior to or during hospitalization and mortality did not differ significantly between NYHA II and III, in contrast to male patients. Additionally, there was no notable difference in mean NT-proBNP levels between NYHA stage II and III only in female patients. The multivariable regression analysis highlighted NYHA classification not to be a predictor of NT-proBNP levels in female but solely in male patients. On multivariable Cox regression NYHA score was also no significant risk factor for occurence of HF in female patients. Furthermore, there was no significant disparity in mortality between men with NT-proBNP levels between 125 and 400 pg/ml and those below 125 pg/ml, whereas in women mortality was significantly higher in the group with NT-proBNP levels between 125 and 400 pg/ml than below 125 pg/ml. Conclusion These findings suggest that NYHA classification may not be the most suitable tool for assessing the diagnosis of HF in female patients with T2D. Moreover, the need for consideration of a more symptom-independent screening for HF in female patients with T2D and re-evaluation of current guidelines especially regarding sex-specific aspects is highlighted.

Abstract Background Campylobacter (C.) jejuni is one of the most important bacterial foodborne pathogens worldwide. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus or Bacillus species are considered one option for reducing the colonization rate and magnitude in poultry, the most frequent source of human infections. Due to the lack of suitable avian in vitro models such as chicken intestinal cell lines, especially those derived from the cecum, most in vitro studies on C. jejuni host interaction have been conducted with human intestinal cell lines. In this study, we compared C. jejuni-cell interactions between primary chicken cecal cells and the human intestinal cell line Caco-2, which is derived from colorectal adenocarcinoma, and investigated possible interfering effects of selected probiotic candidates. Results We detected differences in adhesion and invasion between the two tested gut cell types and between different C. jejuni strains. The probiotic inhibition of C. jejuni adhesion and invasion of human and avian gut cells was affected by host cell type, investigated C. jejuni strain and time points of probiotic treatment. Additionally, our results suggest a possible correlation between C. jejuni invasion and the detected increase in IL-6 mRNA expression. Conclusions Our results indicate distinct differences between avian and human gut cells in their interaction with C. jejuni. Therefore, data obtained in one host species on C. jejuni-host interaction may not easily be transferrable to another one. The factors influencing the variable efficacy of probiotic intervention in chicken and human derived cells should be investigated further.

The current understanding of the genetic determinants of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD) has largely been informed through studies of rare, Mendelian forms of disease. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of TAAD, testing ~25 million DNA sequence variants in 8,626 participants with and 453,043 participants without TAAD in the Million Veteran Program, with replication in an independent sample of 4,459 individuals with and 512,463 without TAAD from six cohorts. We identified 21 TAAD risk loci, 17 of which have not been previously reported. We leverage multiple downstream analytic methods to identify causal TAAD risk genes and cell types and provide human genetic evidence that TAAD is a non-atherosclerotic aortic disorder distinct from other forms of vascular disease. Our results demonstrate that the genetic architecture of TAAD mirrors that of other complex traits and that it is not solely inherited through protein-altering variants of large effect size.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of arch models is essential in diagnosis and planning in orthodontics. The demand for digital and printed models has increased among professionals. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the agreement of horizontal and vertical linear measurements obtained from digital models, printed models, and direct measurements. Materials and Methods: Intraoral scans of 30 individuals were obtained. Digital measurements were performed using the STL files. From printed models, the measurements were done using a digital caliper, and the real measurements were done directly to the mouth of respective patients. Results: The one-sample t test showed no discrepancy between the paired sets of measurements, with the value of 0 (p>0.05). The evaluation of the measurements was done using Bland-Altman analysis in pairs. The three methods showed agreement in horizontal and vertical measurements. Linear regression analyses showed no proportional bias in the data (p>0.05). Conclusion: The horizontal and vertical measurements evaluated showed agreement when measured on digital models, printed models and directly in the individuals’ mouths.

ABSTRACT The management of natural and planted forests can be conducted sustainably by implementing techniques that consider the spatial and temporal variability of the plant and soil. In this context, precision silviculture through remote sensing can play a vital role, mainly when using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with specific sensors. In the present study, an automated computational routine (based on computer vision techniques) was developed and validated to perform forest inventory in commercial Eucalyptus grandis forests, using an orthophoto mosaic obtained with an RGB sensor built-in to a UAV. The developed routine employs computer vision techniques, including template matching to locate plants, Delaunay triangulation to create a mesh and indicate the predominant orientations of the planting rows, and an adaptation of the Hough transform to estimate the analytical parameters of each row. These parameters are refined using linear regression to generate the lines best fitting the input data. Finally, the failure segments on each row are identified by detecting the plants in each row. A simulation of regular point distribution on the segment is then used to identify the planting failure. This process allows the geolocation of each failure point for replanting to be quantified. The routine has significant potential in the forest inventory, allowing the geolocation of failures with an overall accuracy of 0.97 and 0.99, respectively, and a maximum positional error of 0.15 m and 0.20 m, respectively.

Abstract Background There is conflicting evidence whether prediabetes is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with chronic coronary syndrome. We aimed to assess the effect of prediabetes in patients with chronic coronary syndrome on clinical outcomes. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data from the ISCHEMIA and ISCHEMIA-CKD trials, including patients with chronic coronary syndrome determined by coronary computed tomography angiography or exercise-stress testing. Participants were assigned to the normoglycemia group (HbA1c

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar a previsão das séries temporais do Índice Bovespa (Ibovespa) utilizando os métodos de Redes Neurais Artificiais – RNA e Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems – ANFIS, tendo em vista a busca de alternativas a modelos lineares que podem ignorar certos aspectos das estruturas dinâmicas existentes no mercado de ações. A metodologia foi de caráter descritiva e quantitativa. Para as técnicas de análise de dados, tendo em vista as possíveis características das séries temporais financeiras, optou-se por utilizar dois métodos não lineares para a análise, ou seja, uma rede neural artificial (RNA) com arquitetura MLP (multilayer perceptron) com algoritmo Levenberg-Marquardt e também o método Adaptative Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Verificou-se um bom ajuste do modelo para a série estudada, o que confirma que modelos híbridos utilizando Sistemas Fuzzy (em termos de regras difusas) apresentam características que podem ser úteis para lidar com séries temporais que possuem estruturas dinâmicas complexas e não-lineares como é o caso das séries temporais financeiras. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que por meio de métodos como o Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems – ANFIS, pode-se realizar previsões para o mercado acionário com certa previsibilidade, comprovando que eventos ocorridos no passado podem vir a determinar eventos futuros como salienta a teoria de Charles Dow e refutando a hipótese do Random Walk de Bachelier (1964) para a presente amostra.

Abstract Background Following years of pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections labelled Covid-19, long lasting impairment summarized as post-Covid syndrome (PCS) challenges worldwide healthcare. Patients benefit from rehabilitation programs, but sex specific aspects of improvement remain little understood. The aim of the study was to assess whether women and men differ in response to outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation for PCS. Methods 263 (54.4% female) patients partaking in outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (OPR) due to PCS between March 2020 and July 2022 were included in a prospective observational cohort study. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and before discharge from OPR and included six-minute walking distance (6MWD), 1-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), dyspnea (medical research council scale), and post-Covid functional status scale (PCFS). Sexspecific changes in outcomes following OPR were assessed by linear mixed model and presented as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals. Linear regression was applied to test whether 6MWD correlates with PCFS and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in 6MWD regarding an improvement of at least one point in PCFS was computed with logistic regression. Results Significant improvement throughout OPR was observed for all outcomes (all p

Abstract Background Limited evidence exists on the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer cases and deaths in Latin America. In Peru several studies have been published regarding the PAF of various risk factors and their associated diseases. The objective of this study was to estimate the fraction of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in Peru in 2018, before the COVID-19 pandemic in the population of 15 years old and older. Methods An ecological study was conducted using the prevalence of exposure of the Peruvian population to modifiable risk factors for cancer, the relative risk associated with each factor, and the number of cancer cases and deaths in 2018 as inputs. We used the Parkin formula with a Montecarlo statistical simulation model to calculate the PAF and confidence intervals. The number of new cancer cases and deaths attributed to each risk factor was determined by multiplying the number of cases and deaths in each gender by the PAF of each risk factor. Findings In Peru, 38.5% of new cases (34.5% in men and 42% in women) and 43.4% of cancer-related deaths (43.4% in men and 43.4% in women) were attributable to modifiable risk factors. The number of cancers attributable was 25,308 (10,439 in men and 14,869 in women) and the number of deaths attributable to cancer was 14,839 (6,953 in men and 7,886 in women). The predominant modifiable risk factors contributing to the highest number of cases and deaths were HPV infection (4,563 cases, 2,409 deaths), current tobacco use (3,348 cases, 2,180 deaths), and helicobacter pylori infection (2,677 cases, 1,873 deaths). Among the risk factors, oncogenic infections constituted the group with the highest PAF (16.6% for cases, 19.2% for deaths) followed by other unhealthy lifestyle factors (14.2% for cases, 16.7% for deaths), tobacco (7.2% for cases, 7.2% for deaths) and ultraviolet radiation (0.5% for cases, 0.3% for deaths). Conclusions Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 38.5% of cancer cases and 43.4% of cancer-related deaths in Peru were linked to modifiable risk factors in the population of 15 years old and older. Most preventable cancer cases and deaths were related to oncogenic infections, primarily caused by HPV and helicobacter pylori, followed by tobacco and obesity.

Abstract Trace elements are important for human health but may exert toxic or adverse effects. Mechanisms of uptake, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are partly under genetic control but have not yet been extensively mapped. Here we report a comprehensive multi-element genome-wide association study of 57 essential and non-essential trace elements. We perform genome-wide association meta-analyses of 14 trace elements in up to 6564 Scandinavian whole blood samples, and genome-wide association studies of 43 trace elements in up to 2819 samples measured only in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). We identify 11 novel genetic loci associated with blood concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, manganese, selenium, and zinc in genome-wide association meta-analyses. In HUNT, several genome-wide significant loci are also indicated for other trace elements. Using two-sample Mendelian randomization, we find several indications of weak to moderate effects on health outcomes, the most precise being a weak harmful effect of increased zinc on prostate cancer. However, independent validation is needed. Our current understanding of trace element-associated genetic variants may help establish consequences of trace elements on human health.