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This contribution reviews the book by Kolawole Olaniyan on corruption and human rights law in Africa. The book, Corruption and Human Rights Law in Africa, provides a framework for complementarity between promoting and protecting human rights and combatting corruption in Africa.

This is an exciting time to be in science education. New science standards are being developed by a group of science educators from across the country, working with 26 states in a process managed by Achieve, Inc., a non-profit education reform organization. The development of the "Next Generation Science Standards" (NGSS) promises to be the most influential event in science education in nearly two decades. NSTA fully supports the development of NGSS and is pleased to play an important role in its development. It is important that all science educators have a chance to participate in shaping this important document by providing feedback on drafts as they become available. Last May, thousands of teachers took advantage of the opportunity to review and comment on the first public draft. When the first draft was released for public input, NSTA developed a guide to help science educators organize groups to read, discuss, and study it in more depth. For the upcoming second public review, the authors have developed a similar guide that they hope will be equally as useful. At this writing, they have not yet seen the second public draft, nor have they seen the survey instrument that Achieve will post online to capture feedback. Regardless, the general questions and procedures provided in this article will help individuals and groups orient themselves to the document, including the NGSS features and characteristics. (Contains 3 figures and 5 online resources.)

K-12 teachers of science have been digging into the "Next Generation Science Standards" (NGSS) (NGSS Lead States 2013) to begin creating plans and processes for translating them for classroom instruction. As teachers learn about the "NGSS," they have asked about the general structure of the standards document and how to read and use it. This article, part of a series about different aspects of the standards, answers some of the most common questions about the architecture of the "NGSS," from deciphering the codes to understanding the boxes.

Some historice aspects of Chinese settlement in the San Francisco Bay area are examined in this document and the impact of inner city development on ethnic neighborhoods, particularly in Oakland's Chinatown is discussed. Some developmental side effects are noted, as well as the benefits of ethnic concentration when the latter is the result of choice. Also presented is the challenge of providing neighborhoods with a stronger voice in land-use decisions and insuring that the community leaders who wield political influence actually defend the interests of residents they claim to serve. Finally, it is suggested that residents, public officials, and private investors take a new look at Chinatown. It is concluded that new legislation and innovative programs may not be needed and that the crucial element necessary to enhance the vitality of Chinatown is a clearer vision of its role in inner city revitalization. Since the decision of key actors such as lenders, landlords, realtors, appraisers, city planning staff, community leaders, and other combine to determine the market value, attractiveness, and livability of a neighborhood, the task of neighborhood preservation and rehabilitation involves the cooperation, persuasion, and sharing of a common vision of the future among these parties. (Author/AM)

Background: The inflammatory changes that underlie the heterogeneous presentations of COVID-19 remain incompletely understood. In this study we aimed to identify inflammatory profiles that precede the development of severe COVID-19, that could serve as targets for optimised delivery of immunomodulatory therapies and provide insights for the development of new therapies. Methods: We included individuals sampled

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies provide protection against COVID-19. Evidence from early vaccine trials suggested binding antibody thresholds could serve as surrogate markers of neutralising capacity, but whether these thresholds predict sufficient neutralising capacity against variants of concern (VOCs), and whether this is impacted by vaccine or infection history remains unclear. Here we analyse individuals recovered from, vaccinated or with hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2. An NT50 ≥ 100 IU confers protection in vaccine trials, however, as VOC induce a reduction in NT50, we use NT50 ≥ 1000 IU as a cut off for WT NT50 that would retain neutralisation against VOC. In unvaccinated convalescent participants, a receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG of 456 BAU/mL predicts an NT50 against WT of 1000 IU with an accuracy of 80% (95%CI 73–86%). This threshold maintains accuracy in determining loss of protective immunity against VOC in two vaccinated cohorts. It predicts an NT50