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1. Combining advanced photoelectron spectroscopy approaches to analyse deeply buried GaP(As)/Si(100) interfaces: Interfacial chemical states and complete band energy diagrams

Author

Romanyuk, O., Paszuk, A., Gordeev, I., Wilks, R. G., Ueda, S., Hartmann, C., Félix, R., Bär, M., Schlueter, C., Gloskovskii, A., Bartoš, I., Nandy, M., Houdková, J., Jiříček, P., Jaegermann, W., Hofmann, J. P., and Hannappel, T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The epitaxial growth of the polar GaP(100) on the nonpolar Si(100) substrate suffers from inevitable defects at the antiphase domain boundaries, resulting from mono-atomic steps on the Si(100) surface. Stabilization of Si(100) substrate surfaces with arsenic is a promising technological step enabling the preparation of Si substrates with double atomic steps and reduced density of the APDs. In this paper, 4-50 nm thick GaP epitaxial films were grown on As-terminated Si(100) substrates with different types of doping, miscuts, and As-surface termination by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The GaP(As)/Si(100) heterostructures were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) sputtering and by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). We found residuals of arsenic atoms in the GaP lattice (0.2-0.3 at.%) and a localization of As atoms at the GaP(As)/Si(100) interface (1 at.%). Deconvolution of core level peaks revealed interface core level shifts. In As core levels, chemical shifts between 0.5-0.8 eV were measured and identified by angle-resolved XPS measurements. Similar valence band offset (VBO) values of 0.6 eV were obtained, regardless of the doping type of Si substrate, Si substrate miscut or type of As-terminated Si substrate surface. The band alignment diagram of the heterostructure was deduced.

Published
2022
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3. Correlation effects in Ni 3d states of LaNiPO

Author

Lukoyanov, A. V., Skornyakov, S. L., McLeod, J. A., Abu-Samak, M., Wilks, R. G., Kurmaev, E. Z., Moewes, A., Skorikov, N. A., Izyumov, Yu. A., Finkelstein, L. D., Anisimov, V. I., and Johrendt, D.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The electronic structure of the new superconducting material LaNiPO experimentally probed by soft X-ray spectroscopy and theoretically calculated by the combination of local density approximation with Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (LDA+DMFT) are compared herein. We have measured the Ni L2,3 X-ray emission (XES) and absorption (XAS) spectra which probe the occupied and unoccupied the Ni 3d states, respectively. In LaNiPO, the Ni 3d states are strongly renormalized by dynamical correlations and shifted about 1.5 eV lower in the valence band than the corresponding Fe 3d states in LaFeAsO. We further obtain a lower Hubbard band at -9 eV below the Fermi level in LaNiPO which bears striking resemblance to the lower Hubbard band in the correlated oxide NiO, while no such band is observed in LaFeAsO. These results are also supported by the intensity ratio between the transition metal L2 and L3 bands measured experimentally to be higher in LaNiPO than in LaFeAsO, indicating the presence of the stronger electron correlations in the Ni 3d states in LaNiPO in comparison with the Fe 3d states in LaFeAsO. These findings are in accordance with resonantly excited transition metal L3 X-ray emission spectra which probe occupied metal 3d-states and show the appearance of the lower Hubbard band in LaNiPO and NiO and its absence in LaFeAsO., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2010
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4. Electronic structure of BiMeO3 multiferroics and related oxides

Author

McLeod, J. A., Pchelkina, Z. V., Finkelstein, L. D., Kurmaev, E. Z., Wilks, R. G., Moewes, A., Solovyev, I. V., and Belik, A. A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We have performed a systematic study of the electronic structures of BiMeO3 (Me = Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) series by soft X-ray emission (XES) and absorption (XAS) spectroscopy. The band gap values were estimated for all compounds in the series. For BiFeO3 a band gap of ~0.9 eV was obtained from the alignment of the O Ka XES and O 1s XAS. The O 1s XAS spectrum of BiNiO3 indicates that the formation of holes is due to a Ni2+ valency rather than a Ni3+ valency. We have found that the O Ka XES and O 1s XAS of BiMeO3 probing partially occupied and vacant O 2p states, respectively, are in agreement with the O 2p densities of states obtained from spin-polarized band structure calculations. The O Ka XES spectra show the same degree of Bi 6s--O 2p hybridization for all compounds in the series. We argue herein that the stereochemical activity of Bi 6s lone pairs must be supplemented with inversion symmetry breaking to allow electric polarization. For BiMnO3 and BiFeO3, two cases of multiferroic materials in this series, the former breaks the inversion symmetry due to the antiferromagnetic order induced by particular orbital ordering in the highly distorted perovskite structure and the latter has rhombohedral crystal structure without inversion symmetry., Comment: 23 pages, 6 figures

Published
2009
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5. Electronic structure of alkaline earth and post-transition metal oxides

Author

McLeod, J. A., Wilks, R. G., Skorikov, N. A., Finkelstein, L. D., Abu-Samak, M., Kurmaev, E. Z., and Moewes, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The electronic structure in alkaline earth AeO (Ae = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and post-transition metal oxides MeO (Me = Zn, Cd, Hg) is probed with oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy. The experimental data is compared with density functional theory electronic structure calculations. We use our experimental spectra of the oxygen K-edge to estimate the bandgaps of these materials, and compare our results to the range of values available in the literature., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures (1a-e, 2a-c, 3)

Published
2009
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7. X-ray spectra and electronic structure of FeAs superconductors

Author

Kurmaev, E. Z., Wilks, R. G., Moewes, A., Skorikov, N. A., Izyumov, Yu. A., Finkelstein, L. D., Li, R. H., and Chen, X. H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

The densities of the valence and conduction band electronic states of the newly discovered layered superconductors LaOFeAs, LaO$_{0.87}$F$_{0.13}$FeAs (Tc=26 K), SmO$_{0.95}$F$_{0.05}$FeAs and SmO$_{0.85}$F$_{0.15}$FeAs (Tc=43 K) are studied using soft X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy combined with FP LAPW calculations of LaOFeAs, LaO$_{0.875}$FeAs and LaO$_{0.875}$F${0.125}$FeAs. The Fe 3d-states are localized in energy near the top of the valence band and are partially hybridized with p-type O (2p), As (4p), and La (6p) states approximately 3 eV below the Fermi energy. The Fe L3 X-ray emission spectra do not show any features that would indicate the presence of the low Hubbard 3d-band or the quasiparticle peak that were predicted by the DMFT analysis of LaOFeAs. We can conclude that the LaOFeAs-type compounds do not represent strongly correlated systems. When either oxygen vacancies or fluorine dopants are included in numerical electronic structure calculations the width of O 2p-band decreases, but the distribution of Fe 3d-states is largely unaffected., Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures

Published
2008
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8. Heritability of obesity-related traits among Nigerians, Jamaicans and US black people

Author

Luke, A, Guo, X, Adeyemo, AA, Wilks, R, Forrester, T, Lowe Jr, W, Comuzzie, AG, Martin, LJ, Zhu, X, Rotimi, CN, and Cooper, RS

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Sciences, Nutrition, Obesity, Cardiovascular, Stroke, Metabolic and endocrine, Cancer, Adult, Anthropometry, Black People, Body Constitution, Body Mass Index, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Electric Impedance, Environment, Female, Humans, Jamaica, Leptin, Male, Nigeria, United States, Epidemiology, Genetics, Genetic Testing, Adiposity, Gene Expression, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Association Studies, Genotype, Inheritance Patterns, Models, Genetic, Phenotype, Receptors, Leptin, Sex Factors, Siblings, Young Adult, Medical and Health Sciences, Education, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

"Quantile-dependent expressivity" occurs when the effect size of a genetic variant depends upon whether the phenotype (e.g., leptin) is high or low relative to its distribution. Leptin concentrations are strongly related to adiposity, whose heritability is quantile dependent. Whether inheritance of leptin concentrations is quantile dependent, and whether this explains the greater heritability in women than men in accordance with their greater adiposity, and explains other gene-environment interactions, remains to be determined. Therefore, leptin and leptin receptor concentrations from 3068 siblings in 1133 sibships from the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation Cohort were analyzed. Free leptin index (FLI) was calculated as the ratio of leptin to soluble leptin receptor concentrations. Full-sib (βFS) regression slopes were robustly estimated by quantile regression with nonparametric significance assigned from 1000 bootstrap samples. The analyses showed βFS increased significantly with increasing percentiles of the offspring's age- and sex-adjusted leptin distribution (Plinear = 0.0001), which was accelerated at the higher concentrations (Pquadratic = 0.0003). βFS at the 90th percentile (0.418 ± 0.066) was 4.7-fold greater than at the 10th percentile (0.089 ± 0.032, Pdifference = 3.6 × 10-6). Consistent with quantile-dependent expressivity, the βFS was greater in female sibs, which was attributable to their higher leptin concentrations. Reported gene-environment interactions involving adiposity and LEP, LEPR, MnSOD, PPARγ, PPARγ2, and IRS-1 polymorphisms were consistent with quantile-dependent expressivity of leptin concentrations. βFS for leptin receptor concentrations and free leptin index also increased significantly with increasing percentiles of their distributions (Plinear = 0.04 and Plinear = 8.5 × 10-6, respectively). In conclusion, inherited genetic and shared environmental effects on leptin concentrations were quantile dependent, which likely explains male-female differences in heritability and some gene-environment interactions.

Published
2001

11. Chemical and electronic structure of the heavily intermixed (Cd,Zn)S:Ga/CuSbS2 interface.

Author

Hartmann, C., Brandt, R. E., Baranowski, L. L., Köhler, L., Handick, E., Félix, R., Wilks, R. G., Zakutayev, A., Buonassisi, T., and Bär, M.

Abstract

The interface formation and chemical and electronic structure of the (Cd,Zn)S:Ga/CuSbS2 thin-film solar cell heterojunction were studied using hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) of the bare absorber and a buffer/absorber sample set for which the buffer thickness was varied between 1 and 50 nm. We find a heavily intermixed interface, involving Cu, Zn, and Cd as well as significant Ga and Cu profiles in the buffer. The valence band (VB) offset at the buffer/absorber interface was derived as (−1.3 ± 0.1) eV, which must be considered an upper bound as the Cu diffused into the buffer might form a Cu-derived VB maximum located closer to the Fermi level. The estimated conduction band minimum was 'cliff'-like; a situation made more severe considering the Cu-deficiency found for the CuSbS2 surface. The complex interface structure's effect on the performance of (Cd,Zn)S:Ga/CuSbS2-based solar cells and its limitation is discussed together with possible mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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21. Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

Author

Taddei, C. (Cristina), Zhou, B. (Bin), Bixby, H. (Honor), Carrillo-Larco, R. M. (Rodrigo M.), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Jackson, R. T. (Rod T.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Sophiea, M. K. (Marisa K.), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Iurilli, M. L. (Maria Laura Caminia), Martinez, A. R. (Andrea Rodriguez), Asghari, G. (Golaleh), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Gulayin, P. (Pablo), Kakarmath, S. (Sujay), Santero, M. (Marilina), Voortman, T. (Trudy), Riley, L. M. (Leanne M.), Cowan, M. J. (Melanie J.), Savin, S. (Stefan), Bennett, J. E. (James E.), Stevens, G. A. (Gretchen A.), Paciorek, C. J. (Christopher J.), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Mathur, P. (Prashant), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Zhao, D. (Dong), Aadahl, M. (Mette), Abarca-Gomez, L. (Leandra), Rahim, H. A. (Hanan Abdul), Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. (Niveen M.), Acosta-Cazares, B. (Benjamin), Adams, R. J. (Robert J.), Agdeppa, I. A. (Imelda A.), Aghazadeh-Attari, J. (Javad), Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (Carlos A.), Agyemang, C. (Charles), Ahluwalia, T. S. (Tarunveer S.), Ahmad, N. A. (Noor Ani), Ahmadi, A. (Ali), Ahmadi, N. (Naser), Ahmed, S. H. (Soheir H.), Ahrens, W. (Wolfgang), Ajlouni, K. (Kamel), Alarouj, M. (Monira), AlBuhairan, F. (Fadia), AlDhukair, S. (Shahla), Ali, M. M. (Mohamed M.), Alkandari, A. (Abdullah), Alkerwi, A. (Ala'a), Aly, E. (Eman), Amarapurkar, D. N. (Deepak N.), Amouyel, P. (Philippe), Andersen, L. B. (Lars Bo), Anderssen, S. A. (Sigmund A.), Anjana, R. M. (Ranjit Mohan), Ansari-Moghaddam, A. (Alireza), Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (Hajer), Araujo, J. (Joana), Ariansen, I. (Inger), Aris, T. (Tahir), Arku, R. E. (Raphael E.), Arlappa, N. (Nimmathota), Aryal, K. K. (Krishna K.), Aspelund, T. (Thor), Assuncao, M. C. (Maria Cecilia F.), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Avdicova, M. (Maria), Azevedo, A. (Ana), Azizi, F. (Fereidoun), Azmin, M. (Mehrdad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bamoshmoosh, M. (Mohamed), Banach, M. (Maciej), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J. R. (Jose R.), Barbagallo, C. M. (Carlo M.), Barcelo, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A. M. (Anwar M.), Batyrbek, A. (Assembekov), Baur, L. A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Belavendra, A. (Antonisamy), Ben Romdhane, H. (Habiba), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Benn, M. (Marianne), Berkinbayev, S. (Salim), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhargava, S. K. (Santosh K.), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bienek, A. (Asako), Bikbov, M. (Mukharram), Bista, B. (Bihungum), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjertness, M. B. (Marius B.), Bjorkelund, C. (Cecilia), Bloch, K. V. (Katia, V), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Boehm, B. O. (Bernhard O.), Boggia, J. G. (Jose G.), Boissonnet, C. P. (Carlos P.), Bonaccio, M. (Marialaura), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Borchini, R. (Rossana), Borghs, H. (Herman), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L. M. (Lizzy M.), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bugge, A. (Anna), Busch, M. A. (Markus A.), de Leon, A. C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cacciottolo, J. (Joseph), Can, G. (Gunay), Candido, A. P. (Ana Paula C.), Capanzana, M. V. (Mario, V), Capuano, E. (Eduardo), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V. C. (Viviane C.), Carvalho, J. (Joana), Casanueva, F. F. (Felipe F.), Censi, L. (Laura), Chadjigeorgiou, C. A. (Charalambos A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chaturvedi, N. (Nish), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cheraghian, B. (Bahman), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirlaque, M.-D. (Maria-Dolores), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clarke, J. (Janine), Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Confortin, S. C. (Susana C.), Cooper, C. (Cyrus), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Crujeiras, A. B. (Ana B.), Csilla, S. (Semanova), Cui, L. (Liufu), Cureau, F. V. (Felipe, V), D'Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d'Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J. (Jean), Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dantoft, T. M. (Thomas M.), Dauchet, L. (Luc), Davletov, K. (Kairat), De Backer, G. (Guy), De Bacquer, D. (Dirk), de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), de Oliveira, P. D. (Paula Duarte), De Ridder, D. (David), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Deev, A. D. (Alexander D.), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Helene), Dennison, E. (Elaine), Deschamps, V. (Valerie), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Di Castelnuovo, A. F. (Augusto F.), Dika, Z. (Zivka), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Dobson, A. J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S. P. (Silvana P.), Doring, A. (Angela), Dorobantu, M. (Maria), Dragano, N. (Nico), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Du, Y. (Yong), Duante, C. A. (Charmaine A.), Duda, R. B. (Rosemary B.), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. (Elzbieta), Eddie, R. (Ricky), Eftekhar, E. (Ebrahim), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Eghtesad, S. (Sareh), Eiben, G. (Gabriele), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Eldemire-Shearer, D. (Denise), Eliasen, M. (Marie), Elosua, R. (Roberto), Erasmus, R. T. (Rajiv T.), Erbel, R. (Raimund), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Escobedo-de la Pena, J. (Jorge), Eslami, S. (Saeid), Esmaeili, A. (Ali), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C. H. (Caroline H.), Faramarzi, E. (Elnaz), Farjam, M. (Mojtaba), Fattahi, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Felix-Redondo, F. J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T. S. (Trevor S.), Fernandez-Berges, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Foger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L. H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fouad, H. M. (Heba M.), Francis, D. K. (Damian K.), Franco, M. d. (Maria do Carmo), Franco, O. H. (Oscar H.), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Fumihiko, M. (Matsuda), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Galvano, F. (Fabio), Gao, J. (Jingli), Garcia-de-la-Hera, M. (Manoli), Garnett, S. P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gazzinelli, A. (Andrea), Geleijnse, J. M. (Johanna M.), Ghanbari, A. (Ali), Ghasemi, E. (Erfan), Gheorghe-Fronea, O.-F. (Oana-Florentina), Ghimire, A. (Anup), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Gill, T. K. (Tiffany K.), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Gironella, G. (Glen), Giwercman, A. (Aleksander), Goltzman, D. (David), Goncalves, H. (Helen), Gonzalez-Chica, D. A. (David A.), Gonzalez-Gross, M. (Marcela), Gonzalez-Rivas, J. P. (Juan P.), Gonzalez-Villalpando, C. (Clicerio), Gonzalez-Villalpando, M.-E. (Maria-Elena), Gonzalez, A. R. (Angel R.), Gottrand, F. (Frederic), Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Gregor, R. D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grontved, A. (Anders), Grosso, G. (Giuseppe), Gruden, G. (Gabriella), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Guallar-Castillon, P. (Pilar), Guan, O. P. (Ong Peng), Gudmundsson, E. F. (Elias F.), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Ha, S. (Seongjun), Hadaegh, F. (Farzad), Haghshenas, R. (Rosa), Hakimi, H. (Hamid), Hambleton, I. R. (Ian R.), Hamzeh, B. (Behrooz), Hantunen, S. (Sari), Kumar, R. H. (Rachakulla Hari), Hashemi-Shahri, S. M. (Seyed Mohammad), Hata, J. (Jun), Haugsgjerd, T. (Teresa), Hayes, A. J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), He, Y. (Yuna), Hendriks, M. E. (Marleen Elisabeth), Henriques, A. (Ana), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hill, A. G. (Allan G.), Ho, S. Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S. C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Homayounfar, R. (Reza), Hopman, W. M. (Wilma M.), Horimoto, A. R. (Andrea R. V. R.), Hormiga, C. M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B. L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T. T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A. S. (Aung Soe), Htike, M. M. (Maung Maung Than), Huerta, J. M. (Jose Maria), Huhtaniemi, I. T. (Ilpo Tapani), Huisman, M. (Martijn), Hunsberger, M. L. (Monica L.), Husseini, A. S. (Abdullatif S.), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A. G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M. M. (Mohsen M.), Wong, N. I. (Norazizah Ibrahim), Iglesia, I. (Iris), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Ikram, M. A. (M. Arfan), Iotova, V. (Violeta), Irazola, V. E. (Vilma E.), Ishida, T. (Takafumi), Islam, M. (Muhammad), Ismail, A. A. (Aziz Al-Safi), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jacobs, J. M. (Jeremy M.), Jaddou, H. Y. (Hashem Y.), Jafar, T. (Tazeen), James, K. (Kenneth), Jamrozik, K. (Konrad), Janszky, I. (Imre), Janus, E. (Edward), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, A. (Ana), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jennings, G. (Garry), Jensen, G. B. (Gorm B.), Jeong, S.-l. (Seung-lyeal), Jha, A. K. (Anjani Kumar), Jiang, C. Q. (Chao Qiang), Jimenez, R. O. (Ramon O.), Jockel, K.-H. (Karl-Heinz), Joffres, M. (Michel), Jokelainen, J. J. (Jari J.), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Joukar, F. (Farahnaz), Jozwiak, J. (Jacek), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kajantie, E. O. (Eero O.), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kamaruddin, N. A. (Nor Azmi), Kamstrup, P. R. (Pia R.), Karki, K. B. (Khem B.), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Kazakbaeva, G. (Gyulli), Keil, U. (Ulrich), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Keramati, M. (Maryam), Kerimkulova, A. (Alina), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khateeb, M. (Mohammad), Kheradmand, M. (Motahareh), Khosravi, A. (Alireza), Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U. (Ursula), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, H. C. (Hyeon Chang), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Kim, Y.-Y. (Yeon-Yong), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Knoflach, M. (Michael), Ko, S. (Stephanie), Kohler, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Kohler, I. V. (Iliana, V), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), Konig, J. (Jurgen), Korpelainen, R. (Raija), . (), Kos, J. (Jelena), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Kowlessur, S. (Sudhir), Kratzer, W. (Wolfgang), Kriemler, S. (Susi), Kristensen, P. L. (Peter Lund), Krokstad, S. (Steiner), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kujala, U. M. (Urho M.), Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Laamiri, F. Z. (Fatima Zahra), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lachat, C. (Carl), Laid, Y. (Youcef), Lam, T. H. (Tai Hing), Lambrinou, C.-P. (Christina-Paulina), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Latt, T. S. (Tint Swe), Laugsand, L. E. (Lars E.), Lazo-Porras, M. (Maria), Lee, J. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehmann, N. (Nils), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Levitt, N. S. (Naomi S.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C. L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Lima-Costa, M. F. (M. Fernanda), Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Lin, Y.-T. (Yi-Ting), Lind, L. (Lars), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Liu, J. (Jing), Loit, H.-M. (Helle-Mai), Lopez-Garcia, E. (Esther), Lopez, T. (Tania), Lotufo, P. A. (Paulo A.), Lozano, J. E. (Jose Eugenio), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lundqvist, R. (Robert), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Machado-Coelho, G. L. (George L. L.), Machado-Rodrigues, A. M. (Aristides M.), Machi, S. (Suka), Madar, A. A. (Ahmed A.), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D. J. (Dianna J.), Magriplis, E. (Emmanuella), Mahasampath, G. (Gowri), Maire, B. (Bernard), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, F. (Fatemeh), Rao, K. M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Manios, Y. (Yannis), Mann, J. I. (Jim, I), Mansour-Ghanaei, F. (Fariborz), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Mascarenhas, L. P. (Luis P.), Mathiesen, E. B. (Ellisiv B.), Matsha, T. E. (Tandi E.), Mavrogianni, C. (Christina), McFarlane, S. R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S. T. (Stephen T.), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R. M. (Rachael M.), McLean, S. B. (Scott B.), McNulty, B. A. (Breige A.), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Mehdipour, P. (Parinaz), Mehlig, K. (Kirsten), Mehrparvar, A. (AmirHoushang), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A. M. (Ana Maria B.), Menon, G. R. (Geetha R.), Merat, S. (Shahin), Mereke, A. (Alibek), Meshram, I. I. (Indrapal I.), Metcalf, P. (Patricia), Meyer, H. E. (Haakon E.), Mi, J. (Jie), Michels, N. (Nathalie), Miller, J. C. (Jody C.), Minderico, C. S. (Claudia S.), Mini, G. K. (G. K.), Miquel, J. F. (Juan Francisco), Miranda, J. J. (J. Jaime), Mirjalili, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Mirrakhimov, E. (Erkin), Modesti, P. A. (Pietro A.), Moghaddam, S. S. (Sahar Saeedi), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohamed, M. (MostafaK), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadi, Z. (Zahra), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohammadpourhodki, R. (Reza), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Mohanna, S. (Salim), MohdYusoff, M. F. (Muhammad Fadhli), Mohebbi, I. (Iraj), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Moitry, M. (Marie), Mollehave, L. T. (Line T.), Mller, N. C. (Niels C.), Molnar, D. (Denes), Momenan, A. (Amirabbas), Mondo, C. K. (Charles K.), Monterrubio-Flores, E. (Eric), Moosazadeh, M. (Mahmood), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L. A. (Luis A.), Morgan, K. (Karen), Morin, S. N. (Suzanne N.), Moschonis, G. (George), Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M. E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Msyamboza, K. P. (Kelias P.), Muiesan, M. L. (Maria L.), Muller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Mustafa, N. (Norlaila), Nabipour, I. (Iraj), Naderimagham, S. (Shohreh), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Naidu, B. M. (Balkish M.), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Nang, E. E. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, V. B. (Vinay B.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Neal, W. A. (William A.), Nejatizadeh, A. (Azim), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Nguyen, N. D. (Nguyen D.), Nieto-Martinez, R. E. (Ramfis E.), Nihal, T. (Thomas), Niiranen, T. J. (Teemu J.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Noale, M. (Marianna), Noboa, O. A. (Oscar A.), Noto, D. (Davide), Al Nsour, M. (Mohannad), Nuhoglu, I. (Irfan), O'Neill, T. W. (Terence W.), O'Reilly, D. (Dermot), Ochoa-Aviles, A. M. (Angelica M.), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Ohtsuka, R. (Ryutaro), Olafsson, O. (Orn), Olie, V. (Valerie), Oliveira, I. O. (Isabel O.), Omar, M. A. (Mohd Azahadi), Onat, A. (Altan), Ong, S. (SokKing), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Ornelas, R. (Rui), Ortiz, P. J. (Pedro J.), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S. M. (Sergej M.), Ostovar, A. (Afshin), Otero, J. A. (Johanna A.), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F. M. (Fred Michel), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Pan, W.-H. (Wen-Harn), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Parnell, W. R. (Winsome R.), Patel, N. D. (Nikhil D.), Peer, N. (Nasheeta), Peixoto, S. V. (Sergio Viana), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. C. (Alexandre C.), Peters, A. (Annette), Petersmann, A. (Astrid), Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Pichardo, R. N. (Rafael N.), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, L. (Lorenza), Piwonska, A. (Aleksandra), Pizarro, A. N. (Andreia N.), Plans-Rubio, P. (Pedro), Plata, S. (Silvia), Pohlabeln, H. (Hermann), Porta, M. (Miquel), Portegies, M. L. (Marileen L. P.), Poudyal, A. (Anil), Pourfarzi, F. (Farhad), Poustchi, H. (Hossein), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Price, J. F. (Jacqueline F.), Providencia, R. (Rui), Puder, J. J. (Jardena J.), Puhakka, S. E. (Soile E.), Punab, M. (Margus), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahimikazerooni, S. (Salar), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Rao, S. R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramachandran, A. (Ambady), Ramos, E. (Elisabete), Ramos, R. (Rafel), Rampal, L. (Lekhraj), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Redon, J. (Josep), Reganit, P. F. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Revilla, L. (Luis), Rezaianzadeh, A. (Abbas), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Richter, A. (Adrian), Rigo, F. (Fernando), de Wit, T. F. (Tobias F. Rinke), Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. (Fernando), Rodriguez-Perez, M. d. (Maria del Cristo), Rodriguez-Villamizar, L. A. (Laura A.), Roggenbuck, U. (Ulla), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Romaguera, D. (Dora), Romeo, E. L. (Elisabetta L.), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Roy, J. G. (Joel G. R.), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Ruidavets, J.-B. (Jean-Bernard), Ruiz-Betancourt, B. S. (Blanca Sandra), Russo, P. (Paola), Rust, P. (Petra), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H. S. (Harshpal S.), Sadjadi, A. (Alireza), Safarpour, A. R. (Ali Reza), Safiri, S. (Saeid), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Saki, N. (Nader), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Salmeron, D. (Diego), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J. T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sanchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sans, S. (Susana), Santaliestra-Pasias, A. M. (Alba M.), Santos, D. A. (Diana A.), Santos, M. (MariaPaula), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J. L. (Jouko L.), Sardinha, L. B. (Luis B.), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S. C. (Savvas C.), Sawada, N. (Norie), Sbaraini, M. (Mariana), Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Schaan, B. D. (Beatriz D.), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Scheidt-Nave, C. (Christa), Schienkiewitz, A. (Anja), Schipf, S. (Sabine), Schmidt, C. O. (Carsten O.), Schottker, B. (Ben), Schramm, S. (Sara), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Sein, A. A. (Aye Aye), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servais, J. (Jennifer), Shakeri, R. (Ramin), Shalnova, S. A. (Svetlana A.), Shamah-Levy, T. (Teresa), Sharafkhah, M. (Maryam), Sharma, S. K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J. E. (Jonathan E.), Shayanrad, A. (Amaneh), Shi, Z. (Zumin), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shimizu-Furusawa, H. (Hana), Shin, D. W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Shirani, M. (Majid), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shrestha, N. (Namuna), Si-Ramlee, K. (Khairil), Siani, A. (Alfonso), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A. M. (Abla M.), Santos Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L. A. (Leon A.), Sjostrom, M. (Michael), Skaaby, T. (Tea), Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. (Jolanta), Slusarczyk, P. (Przemyslaw), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Snijder, M. B. (Marieke B.), Soderberg, S. (Stefan), Soemantri, A. (Agustinus), Sofat, R. (Reecha), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Somi, M. H. (Mohammad Hossein), Sonestedt, E. (Emily), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Jerome, C. S. (Charles Sossa), Soumare, A. (Aicha), Sozmen, K. (Kaan), Sparrenberger, K. (Karen), Staessen, J. A. (Jan A.), Stathopoulou, M. G. (Maria G.), Stavreski, B. (Bill), Steene-Johannessen, J. (Jostein), Stehle, P. (Peter), Stein, A. D. (Aryeh D.), Stessman, J. (Jochanan), Stevanovic, R. (Ranko), Stieber, J. (Jutta), Stockl, D. (Doris), Stokwiszewski, J. (Jakub), Stronks, K. (Karien), Strufaldi, M. W. (Maria Wany), Suarez-Medina, R. (Ramon), Sun, C.-A. (Chien-An), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Suriyawongpaisal, P. (Paibul), Sy, R. G. (Rody G.), Sylva, R. C. (Rene Charles), Szklo, M. (Moyses), Tai, E. S. (E. Shyong), Tamosiunas, A. (Abdonas), Tan, E. (EngJoo), Tarawneh, M. R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarqui-Mamani, C. B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Taylor, J. (Julie), Tell, G. S. (Grethe S.), Tello, T. (Tania), Thankappan, K. R. (K. R.), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, B. H. (Betina H.), Toft, U. (Ulla), Tolonen, H. K. (Hanna K.), Tolstrup, J. S. (Janne S.), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Tormo, M. J. (Maria Jose), Tornaritis, M. J. (Michael J.), Torrent, M. (Maties), Torres-Collado, L. (Laura), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trinh, O. T. (Oanh T. H.), Truthmann, J. (Julia), Tsugane, S. (Shoichiro), Tulloch-Reid, M. K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Tybjaerg-Hansen, A. (Anne), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ugel, E. (Eunice), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Unal, B. (Belgin), Uusitalo, H. M. (Hannu M. T.), Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), van Dam, R. (RobM), van der Schouw, Y. T. (Yvonne T.), Van Herck, K. (Koen), Rossem, L. (Lenievan), Van Schoor, N. M. (Natasja M.), van Valkengoed, I. G. (Irene G. M.), Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Varbo, A. (Anette), Varona-Perez, P. (Patricia), Vasan, S. K. (Senthil K.), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Veidebaum, T. (Toomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Venero-Fernandez, S. J. (Silvia J.), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), MoniqueVerschuren, W. M. (W. M.), Victora, C. G. (Cesar G.), Vidiawati, D. (Dhanasari), Viet, L. (Lucie), Villalpando, S. (Salvador), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J. K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vlasoff, T. (Tiina), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Voutilainen, A. (Ari), Wade, A. N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Bebakar, W. M. (Wan Mohamad Wan), WanMohamud, W. N. (Wan Nazaimoon), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, N. (Ningli), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y. X. (Ya Xing), Wang, Y.-W. (Ying-Wei), Wannamethee, S. G. (S. Goya), Wedderkopp, N. (Niels), Wei, W. (Wenbin), Whincup, P. H. (Peter H.), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I. S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A. H. (Alet H.), Wilks, R. J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, J. (Johann), Willeit, P. (Peter), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong-McClure, R. A. (Roy A.), Wong, A. (Andrew), Wong, T. Y. (Tien Yin), Woo, J. (Jean), Woodward, M. (Mark), Wu, F. C. (Frederick C.), Wu, S. (Shouling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Xu, L. (Liang), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Yasuharu, T. (Tabara), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yeow, T. P. (Toh Peng), Yiallouros, P. K. (Panayiotis K.), Yoosefi, M. (Moein), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), You, S.-L. (San-Lin), Younger-Coleman, N. O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A. F. (Ahmad Faudzi), Zainuddin, A. A. (Ahmad A.), Zakavi, S. R. (Seyed Rasoul), Zali, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Zamani, F. (Farhad), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zampelas, A. (Antonis), KoZaw, K. (Ko), Zdrojewski, T. (Tomasz), Vrkic, T. Z. (Tajana Zeljkovic), Zhang, Z.-Y. (Zhen-Yu), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zhen, S. (Shiqi), Zheng, Y. (Yingfeng), Zholdin, B. (Bekbolat), Zhussupov, B. (Baurzhan), Zoghlami, N. (Nada), Cisneros, J. Z. (Julio Zuniga), Gregg, E. W. (Edward W.), Ezzati, M. (Majid), Taddei, C. (Cristina), Zhou, B. (Bin), Bixby, H. (Honor), Carrillo-Larco, R. M. (Rodrigo M.), Danaei, G. (Goodarz), Jackson, R. T. (Rod T.), Farzadfar, F. (Farshad), Sophiea, M. K. (Marisa K.), Di Cesare, M. (Mariachiara), Iurilli, M. L. (Maria Laura Caminia), Martinez, A. R. (Andrea Rodriguez), Asghari, G. (Golaleh), Dhana, K. (Klodian), Gulayin, P. (Pablo), Kakarmath, S. (Sujay), Santero, M. (Marilina), Voortman, T. (Trudy), Riley, L. M. (Leanne M.), Cowan, M. J. (Melanie J.), Savin, S. (Stefan), Bennett, J. E. (James E.), Stevens, G. A. (Gretchen A.), Paciorek, C. J. (Christopher J.), Aekplakorn, W. (Wichai), Cifkova, R. (Renata), Giampaoli, S. (Simona), Kengne, A. P. (Andre Pascal), Khang, Y.-H. (Young-Ho), Kuulasmaa, K. (Kari), Laxmaiah, A. (Avula), Margozzini, P. (Paula), Mathur, P. (Prashant), Nordestgaard, B. G. (Borge G.), Zhao, D. (Dong), Aadahl, M. 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(Maria Cecilia F.), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Avdicova, M. (Maria), Azevedo, A. (Ana), Azizi, F. (Fereidoun), Azmin, M. (Mehrdad), Balakrishna, N. (Nagalla), Bamoshmoosh, M. (Mohamed), Banach, M. (Maciej), Bandosz, P. (Piotr), Banegas, J. R. (Jose R.), Barbagallo, C. M. (Carlo M.), Barcelo, A. (Alberto), Barkat, A. (Amina), Bata, I. (Iqbal), Batieha, A. M. (Anwar M.), Batyrbek, A. (Assembekov), Baur, L. A. (Louise A.), Beaglehole, R. (Robert), Belavendra, A. (Antonisamy), Ben Romdhane, H. (Habiba), Benet, M. (Mikhail), Benn, M. (Marianne), Berkinbayev, S. (Salim), Bernabe-Ortiz, A. (Antonio), Bernotiene, G. (Gailute), Bettiol, H. (Heloisa), Bhargava, S. K. (Santosh K.), Bi, Y. (Yufang), Bienek, A. (Asako), Bikbov, M. (Mukharram), Bista, B. (Bihungum), Bjerregaard, P. (Peter), Bjertness, E. (Espen), Bjertness, M. B. (Marius B.), Bjorkelund, C. (Cecilia), Bloch, K. V. (Katia, V), Blokstra, A. (Anneke), Bo, S. (Simona), Boehm, B. O. (Bernhard O.), Boggia, J. G. (Jose G.), Boissonnet, C. P. (Carlos P.), Bonaccio, M. (Marialaura), Bongard, V. (Vanina), Borchini, R. (Rossana), Borghs, H. (Herman), Bovet, P. (Pascal), Brajkovich, I. (Imperia), Breckenkamp, J. (Juergen), Brenner, H. (Hermann), Brewster, L. M. (Lizzy M.), Bruno, G. (Graziella), Bugge, A. (Anna), Busch, M. A. (Markus A.), de Leon, A. C. (Antonio Cabrera), Cacciottolo, J. (Joseph), Can, G. (Gunay), Candido, A. P. (Ana Paula C.), Capanzana, M. V. (Mario, V), Capuano, E. (Eduardo), Capuano, V. (Vincenzo), Cardoso, V. C. (Viviane C.), Carvalho, J. (Joana), Casanueva, F. F. (Felipe F.), Censi, L. (Laura), Chadjigeorgiou, C. A. (Charalambos A.), Chamukuttan, S. (Snehalatha), Chaturvedi, N. (Nish), Chen, C.-J. (Chien-Jen), Chen, F. (Fangfang), Chen, S. (Shuohua), Cheng, C.-Y. (Ching-Yu), Cheraghian, B. (Bahman), Chetrit, A. (Angela), Chiou, S.-T. (Shu-Ti), Chirlaque, M.-D. (Maria-Dolores), Cho, B. (Belong), Cho, Y. (Yumi), Chudek, J. (Jerzy), Claessens, F. (Frank), Clarke, J. (Janine), Clays, E. (Els), Concin, H. (Hans), Confortin, S. C. (Susana C.), Cooper, C. (Cyrus), Costanzo, S. (Simona), Cottel, D. (Dominique), Cowell, C. (Chris), Crujeiras, A. B. (Ana B.), Csilla, S. (Semanova), Cui, L. (Liufu), Cureau, F. V. (Felipe, V), D'Arrigo, G. (Graziella), d'Orsi, E. (Eleonora), Dallongeville, J. (Jean), Damasceno, A. (Albertino), Dankner, R. (Rachel), Dantoft, T. M. (Thomas M.), Dauchet, L. (Luc), Davletov, K. (Kairat), De Backer, G. (Guy), De Bacquer, D. (Dirk), de Gaetano, G. (Giovanni), De Henauw, S. (Stefaan), de Oliveira, P. D. (Paula Duarte), De Ridder, D. (David), De Smedt, D. (Delphine), Deepa, M. (Mohan), Deev, A. D. (Alexander D.), Dehghan, A. (Abbas), Delisle, H. (Helene), Dennison, E. (Elaine), Deschamps, V. (Valerie), Dhimal, M. (Meghnath), Di Castelnuovo, A. F. (Augusto F.), Dika, Z. (Zivka), Djalalinia, S. (Shirin), Dobson, A. J. (Annette J.), Donfrancesco, C. (Chiara), Donoso, S. P. (Silvana P.), Doring, A. (Angela), Dorobantu, M. (Maria), Dragano, N. (Nico), Drygas, W. (Wojciech), Du, Y. (Yong), Duante, C. A. (Charmaine A.), Duda, R. B. (Rosemary B.), Dzerve, V. (Vilnis), Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E. (Elzbieta), Eddie, R. (Ricky), Eftekhar, E. (Ebrahim), Eggertsen, R. (Robert), Eghtesad, S. (Sareh), Eiben, G. (Gabriele), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), El Ati, J. (Jalila), Eldemire-Shearer, D. (Denise), Eliasen, M. (Marie), Elosua, R. (Roberto), Erasmus, R. T. (Rajiv T.), Erbel, R. (Raimund), Erem, C. (Cihangir), Eriksen, L. (Louise), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Escobedo-de la Pena, J. (Jorge), Eslami, S. (Saeid), Esmaeili, A. (Ali), Evans, A. (Alun), Faeh, D. (David), Fall, C. H. (Caroline H.), Faramarzi, E. (Elnaz), Farjam, M. (Mojtaba), Fattahi, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Felix-Redondo, F. J. (Francisco J.), Ferguson, T. S. (Trevor S.), Fernandez-Berges, D. (Daniel), Ferrante, D. (Daniel), Ferrari, M. (Marika), Ferreccio, C. (Catterina), Ferrieres, J. (Jean), Foger, B. (Bernhard), Foo, L. H. (Leng Huat), Forslund, A.-S. (Ann-Sofie), Forsner, M. (Maria), Fouad, H. M. (Heba M.), Francis, D. K. (Damian K.), Franco, M. d. (Maria do Carmo), Franco, O. H. (Oscar H.), Frontera, G. (Guillermo), Fujita, Y. (Yuki), Fumihiko, M. (Matsuda), Furusawa, T. (Takuro), Gaciong, Z. (Zbigniew), Galvano, F. (Fabio), Gao, J. (Jingli), Garcia-de-la-Hera, M. (Manoli), Garnett, S. P. (Sarah P.), Gaspoz, J.-M. (Jean-Michel), Gasull, M. (Magda), Gazzinelli, A. (Andrea), Geleijnse, J. M. (Johanna M.), Ghanbari, A. (Ali), Ghasemi, E. (Erfan), Gheorghe-Fronea, O.-F. (Oana-Florentina), Ghimire, A. (Anup), Gianfagna, F. (Francesco), Gill, T. K. (Tiffany K.), Giovannelli, J. (Jonathan), Gironella, G. (Glen), Giwercman, A. (Aleksander), Goltzman, D. (David), Goncalves, H. (Helen), Gonzalez-Chica, D. A. (David A.), Gonzalez-Gross, M. (Marcela), Gonzalez-Rivas, J. P. (Juan P.), Gonzalez-Villalpando, C. (Clicerio), Gonzalez-Villalpando, M.-E. (Maria-Elena), Gonzalez, A. R. (Angel R.), Gottrand, F. (Frederic), Graff-Iversen, S. (Sidsel), Gregor, R. D. (Ronald D.), Grodzicki, T. (Tomasz), Grontved, A. (Anders), Grosso, G. (Giuseppe), Gruden, G. (Gabriella), Gu, D. (Dongfeng), Guallar-Castillon, P. (Pilar), Guan, O. P. (Ong Peng), Gudmundsson, E. F. (Elias F.), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Guerrero, R. (Ramiro), Guessous, I. (Idris), Gunnlaugsdottir, J. (Johanna), Gupta, R. (Rajeev), Gutierrez, L. (Laura), Gutzwiller, F. (Felix), Ha, S. (Seongjun), Hadaegh, F. (Farzad), Haghshenas, R. (Rosa), Hakimi, H. (Hamid), Hambleton, I. R. (Ian R.), Hamzeh, B. (Behrooz), Hantunen, S. (Sari), Kumar, R. H. (Rachakulla Hari), Hashemi-Shahri, S. M. (Seyed Mohammad), Hata, J. (Jun), Haugsgjerd, T. (Teresa), Hayes, A. J. (Alison J.), He, J. (Jiang), He, Y. (Yuna), Hendriks, M. E. (Marleen Elisabeth), Henriques, A. (Ana), Herrala, S. (Sauli), Heshmat, R. (Ramin), Hill, A. G. (Allan G.), Ho, S. Y. (Sai Yin), Ho, S. C. (Suzanne C.), Hobbs, M. (Michael), Hofman, A. (Albert), Homayounfar, R. (Reza), Hopman, W. M. (Wilma M.), Horimoto, A. R. (Andrea R. V. R.), Hormiga, C. M. (Claudia M.), Horta, B. L. (Bernardo L.), Houti, L. (Leila), Howitt, C. (Christina), Htay, T. T. (Thein Thein), Htet, A. S. (Aung Soe), Htike, M. M. (Maung Maung Than), Huerta, J. M. (Jose Maria), Huhtaniemi, I. T. (Ilpo Tapani), Huisman, M. (Martijn), Hunsberger, M. L. (Monica L.), Husseini, A. S. (Abdullatif S.), Huybrechts, I. (Inge), Hwalla, N. (Nahla), Iacoviello, L. (Licia), Iannone, A. G. (Anna G.), Ibrahim, M. M. (Mohsen M.), Wong, N. I. (Norazizah Ibrahim), Iglesia, I. (Iris), Ikeda, N. (Nayu), Ikram, M. A. (M. Arfan), Iotova, V. (Violeta), Irazola, V. E. (Vilma E.), Ishida, T. (Takafumi), Islam, M. (Muhammad), Ismail, A. A. (Aziz Al-Safi), Iwasaki, M. (Masanori), Jacobs, J. M. (Jeremy M.), Jaddou, H. Y. (Hashem Y.), Jafar, T. (Tazeen), James, K. (Kenneth), Jamrozik, K. (Konrad), Janszky, I. (Imre), Janus, E. (Edward), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Jasienska, G. (Grazyna), Jelakovic, A. (Ana), Jelakovic, B. (Bojan), Jennings, G. (Garry), Jensen, G. B. (Gorm B.), Jeong, S.-l. (Seung-lyeal), Jha, A. K. (Anjani Kumar), Jiang, C. Q. (Chao Qiang), Jimenez, R. O. (Ramon O.), Jockel, K.-H. (Karl-Heinz), Joffres, M. (Michel), Jokelainen, J. J. (Jari J.), Jonas, J. B. (Jost B.), Jorgensen, T. (Torben), Joshi, P. (Pradeep), Joukar, F. (Farahnaz), Jozwiak, J. (Jacek), Juolevi, A. (Anne), Kafatos, A. (Anthony), Kajantie, E. O. (Eero O.), Kalter-Leibovici, O. (Ofra), Kamaruddin, N. A. (Nor Azmi), Kamstrup, P. R. (Pia R.), Karki, K. B. (Khem B.), Katz, J. (Joanne), Kauhanen, J. (Jussi), Kaur, P. (Prabhdeep), Kavousi, M. (Maryam), Kazakbaeva, G. (Gyulli), Keil, U. (Ulrich), Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Kelishadi, R. (Roya), Keramati, M. (Maryam), Kerimkulova, A. (Alina), Kersting, M. (Mathilde), Khader, Y. S. (Yousef Saleh), Khalili, D. (Davood), Khateeb, M. (Mohammad), Kheradmand, M. (Motahareh), Khosravi, A. (Alireza), Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U. (Ursula), Kiechl, S. (Stefan), Killewo, J. (Japhet), Kim, H. C. (Hyeon Chang), Kim, J. (Jeongseon), Kim, Y.-Y. (Yeon-Yong), Klumbiene, J. (Jurate), Knoflach, M. (Michael), Ko, S. (Stephanie), Kohler, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Kohler, I. V. (Iliana, V), Kolle, E. (Elin), Kolsteren, P. (Patrick), Konig, J. (Jurgen), Korpelainen, R. (Raija), . (), Kos, J. (Jelena), Koskinen, S. (Seppo), Kouda, K. (Katsuyasu), Kowlessur, S. (Sudhir), Kratzer, W. (Wolfgang), Kriemler, S. (Susi), Kristensen, P. L. (Peter Lund), Krokstad, S. (Steiner), Kromhout, D. (Daan), Kujala, U. M. (Urho M.), Kurjata, P. (Pawel), Kyobutungi, C. (Catherine), Laamiri, F. Z. (Fatima Zahra), Laatikainen, T. (Tiina), Lachat, C. (Carl), Laid, Y. (Youcef), Lam, T. H. (Tai Hing), Lambrinou, C.-P. (Christina-Paulina), Lanska, V. (Vera), Lappas, G. (Georg), Larijani, B. (Bagher), Latt, T. S. (Tint Swe), Laugsand, L. E. (Lars E.), Lazo-Porras, M. (Maria), Lee, J. (Jeannette), Lee, J. (Jeonghee), Lehmann, N. (Nils), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Levitt, N. S. (Naomi S.), Li, Y. (Yanping), Lilly, C. L. (Christa L.), Lim, W.-Y. (Wei-Yen), Lima-Costa, M. F. (M. Fernanda), Lin, H.-H. (Hsien-Ho), Lin, X. (Xu), Lin, Y.-T. (Yi-Ting), Lind, L. (Lars), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Lissner, L. (Lauren), Liu, J. (Jing), Loit, H.-M. (Helle-Mai), Lopez-Garcia, E. (Esther), Lopez, T. (Tania), Lotufo, P. A. (Paulo A.), Lozano, J. E. (Jose Eugenio), Luksiene, D. (Dalia), Lundqvist, A. (Annamari), Lundqvist, R. (Robert), Lunet, N. (Nuno), Ma, G. (Guansheng), Machado-Coelho, G. L. (George L. L.), Machado-Rodrigues, A. M. (Aristides M.), Machi, S. (Suka), Madar, A. A. (Ahmed A.), Maggi, S. (Stefania), Magliano, D. J. (Dianna J.), Magriplis, E. (Emmanuella), Mahasampath, G. (Gowri), Maire, B. (Bernard), Makdisse, M. (Marcia), Malekzadeh, F. (Fatemeh), Rao, K. M. (Kodavanti Mallikharjuna), Manios, Y. (Yannis), Mann, J. I. (Jim, I), Mansour-Ghanaei, F. (Fariborz), Manzato, E. (Enzo), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Martorell, R. (Reynaldo), Mascarenhas, L. P. (Luis P.), Mathiesen, E. B. (Ellisiv B.), Matsha, T. E. (Tandi E.), Mavrogianni, C. (Christina), McFarlane, S. R. (Shelly R.), McGarvey, S. T. (Stephen T.), McLachlan, S. (Stela), McLean, R. M. (Rachael M.), McLean, S. B. (Scott B.), McNulty, B. A. (Breige A.), Mediene-Benchekor, S. (Sounnia), Mehdipour, P. (Parinaz), Mehlig, K. (Kirsten), Mehrparvar, A. (AmirHoushang), Meirhaeghe, A. (Aline), Meisinger, C. (Christa), Menezes, A. M. (Ana Maria B.), Menon, G. R. (Geetha R.), Merat, S. (Shahin), Mereke, A. (Alibek), Meshram, I. I. (Indrapal I.), Metcalf, P. (Patricia), Meyer, H. E. (Haakon E.), Mi, J. (Jie), Michels, N. (Nathalie), Miller, J. C. (Jody C.), Minderico, C. S. (Claudia S.), Mini, G. K. (G. K.), Miquel, J. F. (Juan Francisco), Miranda, J. J. (J. Jaime), Mirjalili, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Mirrakhimov, E. (Erkin), Modesti, P. A. (Pietro A.), Moghaddam, S. S. (Sahar Saeedi), Mohajer, B. (Bahram), Mohamed, M. (MostafaK), Mohammad, K. (Kazem), Mohammadi, Z. (Zahra), Mohammadifard, N. (Noushin), Mohammadpourhodki, R. (Reza), Mohan, V. (Viswanathan), Mohanna, S. (Salim), MohdYusoff, M. F. (Muhammad Fadhli), Mohebbi, I. (Iraj), Mohebi, F. (Farnam), Moitry, M. (Marie), Mollehave, L. T. (Line T.), Mller, N. C. (Niels C.), Molnar, D. (Denes), Momenan, A. (Amirabbas), Mondo, C. K. (Charles K.), Monterrubio-Flores, E. (Eric), Moosazadeh, M. (Mahmood), Morejon, A. (Alain), Moreno, L. A. (Luis A.), Morgan, K. (Karen), Morin, S. N. (Suzanne N.), Moschonis, G. (George), Mossakowska, M. (Malgorzata), Mostafa, A. (Aya), Mota, J. (Jorge), Motlagh, M. E. (Mohammad Esmaeel), Motta, J. (Jorge), Msyamboza, K. P. (Kelias P.), Muiesan, M. L. (Maria L.), Muller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Mursu, J. (Jaakko), Mustafa, N. (Norlaila), Nabipour, I. (Iraj), Naderimagham, S. (Shohreh), Nagel, G. (Gabriele), Naidu, B. M. (Balkish M.), Najafi, F. (Farid), Nakamura, H. (Harunobu), Nang, E. E. (Ei Ei K.), Nangia, V. B. (Vinay B.), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Neal, W. A. (William A.), Nejatizadeh, A. (Azim), Nenko, I. (Ilona), Nervi, F. (Flavio), Nguyen, N. D. (Nguyen D.), Nieto-Martinez, R. E. (Ramfis E.), Nihal, T. (Thomas), Niiranen, T. J. (Teemu J.), Ning, G. (Guang), Ninomiya, T. (Toshiharu), Noale, M. (Marianna), Noboa, O. A. (Oscar A.), Noto, D. (Davide), Al Nsour, M. (Mohannad), Nuhoglu, I. (Irfan), O'Neill, T. W. (Terence W.), O'Reilly, D. (Dermot), Ochoa-Aviles, A. M. (Angelica M.), Oh, K. (Kyungwon), Ohtsuka, R. (Ryutaro), Olafsson, O. (Orn), Olie, V. (Valerie), Oliveira, I. O. (Isabel O.), Omar, M. A. (Mohd Azahadi), Onat, A. (Altan), Ong, S. (SokKing), Ordunez, P. (Pedro), Ornelas, R. (Rui), Ortiz, P. J. (Pedro J.), Osmond, C. (Clive), Ostojic, S. M. (Sergej M.), Ostovar, A. (Afshin), Otero, J. A. (Johanna A.), Owusu-Dabo, E. (Ellis), Paccaud, F. M. (Fred Michel), Pahomova, E. (Elena), Pajak, A. (Andrzej), Palmieri, L. (Luigi), Pan, W.-H. (Wen-Harn), Panda-Jonas, S. (Songhomitra), Panza, F. (Francesco), Parnell, W. R. (Winsome R.), Patel, N. D. (Nikhil D.), Peer, N. (Nasheeta), Peixoto, S. V. (Sergio Viana), Peltonen, M. (Markku), Pereira, A. C. (Alexandre C.), Peters, A. (Annette), Petersmann, A. (Astrid), Petkeviciene, J. (Janina), Peykari, N. (Niloofar), Pichardo, R. N. (Rafael N.), Pigeot, I. (Iris), Pilav, A. (Aida), Pilotto, L. (Lorenza), Piwonska, A. (Aleksandra), Pizarro, A. N. (Andreia N.), Plans-Rubio, P. (Pedro), Plata, S. (Silvia), Pohlabeln, H. (Hermann), Porta, M. (Miquel), Portegies, M. L. (Marileen L. P.), Poudyal, A. (Anil), Pourfarzi, F. (Farhad), Poustchi, H. (Hossein), Pradeepa, R. (Rajendra), Price, J. F. (Jacqueline F.), Providencia, R. (Rui), Puder, J. J. (Jardena J.), Puhakka, S. E. (Soile E.), Punab, M. (Margus), Qorbani, M. (Mostafa), Radisauskas, R. (Ricardas), Rahimikazerooni, S. (Salar), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Rao, S. R. (Sudha Ramachandra), Ramachandran, A. (Ambady), Ramos, E. (Elisabete), Ramos, R. (Rafel), Rampal, L. (Lekhraj), Rampal, S. (Sanjay), Redon, J. (Josep), Reganit, P. F. (Paul Ferdinand M.), Revilla, L. (Luis), Rezaianzadeh, A. (Abbas), Ribeiro, R. (Robespierre), Richter, A. (Adrian), Rigo, F. (Fernando), de Wit, T. F. (Tobias F. Rinke), Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. (Fernando), Rodriguez-Perez, M. d. (Maria del Cristo), Rodriguez-Villamizar, L. A. (Laura A.), Roggenbuck, U. (Ulla), Rojas-Martinez, R. (Rosalba), Romaguera, D. (Dora), Romeo, E. L. (Elisabetta L.), Rosengren, A. (Annika), Roy, J. G. (Joel G. R.), Rubinstein, A. (Adolfo), Ruidavets, J.-B. (Jean-Bernard), Ruiz-Betancourt, B. S. (Blanca Sandra), Russo, P. (Paola), Rust, P. (Petra), Rutkowski, M. (Marcin), Sabanayagam, C. (Charumathi), Sachdev, H. S. (Harshpal S.), Sadjadi, A. (Alireza), Safarpour, A. R. (Ali Reza), Safiri, S. (Saeid), Saidi, O. (Olfa), Saki, N. (Nader), Salanave, B. (Benoit), Salmeron, D. (Diego), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Salonen, J. T. (Jukka T.), Salvetti, M. (Massimo), Sanchez-Abanto, J. (Jose), Sans, S. (Susana), Santaliestra-Pasias, A. M. (Alba M.), Santos, D. A. (Diana A.), Santos, M. (MariaPaula), Santos, R. (Rute), Saramies, J. L. (Jouko L.), Sardinha, L. B. (Luis B.), Sarrafzadegan, N. (Nizal), Saum, K.-U. (Kai-Uwe), Savva, S. C. (Savvas C.), Sawada, N. (Norie), Sbaraini, M. (Mariana), Scazufca, M. (Marcia), Schaan, B. D. (Beatriz D.), Schargrodsky, H. (Herman), Scheidt-Nave, C. (Christa), Schienkiewitz, A. (Anja), Schipf, S. (Sabine), Schmidt, C. O. (Carsten O.), Schottker, B. (Ben), Schramm, S. (Sara), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Sein, A. A. (Aye Aye), Sen, A. (Abhijit), Sepanlou, S. G. (Sadaf G.), Servais, J. (Jennifer), Shakeri, R. (Ramin), Shalnova, S. A. (Svetlana A.), Shamah-Levy, T. (Teresa), Sharafkhah, M. (Maryam), Sharma, S. K. (Sanjib K.), Shaw, J. E. (Jonathan E.), Shayanrad, A. (Amaneh), Shi, Z. (Zumin), Shibuya, K. (Kenji), Shimizu-Furusawa, H. (Hana), Shin, D. W. (Dong Wook), Shin, Y. (Youchan), Shirani, M. (Majid), Shiri, R. (Rahman), Shrestha, N. (Namuna), Si-Ramlee, K. (Khairil), Siani, A. (Alfonso), Siantar, R. (Rosalynn), Sibai, A. M. (Abla M.), Santos Silva, D. A. (Diego Augusto), Simon, M. (Mary), Simons, J. (Judith), Simons, L. A. (Leon A.), Sjostrom, M. (Michael), Skaaby, T. (Tea), Slowikowska-Hilczer, J. (Jolanta), Slusarczyk, P. (Przemyslaw), Smeeth, L. (Liam), Snijder, M. B. (Marieke B.), Soderberg, S. (Stefan), Soemantri, A. (Agustinus), Sofat, R. (Reecha), Solfrizzi, V. (Vincenzo), Somi, M. H. (Mohammad Hossein), Sonestedt, E. (Emily), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Jerome, C. S. (Charles Sossa), Soumare, A. (Aicha), Sozmen, K. (Kaan), Sparrenberger, K. (Karen), Staessen, J. A. (Jan A.), Stathopoulou, M. G. (Maria G.), Stavreski, B. (Bill), Steene-Johannessen, J. (Jostein), Stehle, P. (Peter), Stein, A. D. (Aryeh D.), Stessman, J. (Jochanan), Stevanovic, R. (Ranko), Stieber, J. (Jutta), Stockl, D. (Doris), Stokwiszewski, J. (Jakub), Stronks, K. (Karien), Strufaldi, M. W. (Maria Wany), Suarez-Medina, R. (Ramon), Sun, C.-A. (Chien-An), Sundstrom, J. (Johan), Suriyawongpaisal, P. (Paibul), Sy, R. G. (Rody G.), Sylva, R. C. (Rene Charles), Szklo, M. (Moyses), Tai, E. S. (E. Shyong), Tamosiunas, A. (Abdonas), Tan, E. (EngJoo), Tarawneh, M. R. (Mohammed Rasoul), Tarqui-Mamani, C. B. (Carolina B.), Taylor, A. (Anne), Taylor, J. (Julie), Tell, G. S. (Grethe S.), Tello, T. (Tania), Thankappan, K. R. (K. R.), Thijs, L. (Lutgarde), Thuesen, B. H. (Betina H.), Toft, U. (Ulla), Tolonen, H. K. (Hanna K.), Tolstrup, J. S. (Janne S.), Topbas, M. (Murat), Topor-Madry, R. (Roman), Tormo, M. J. (Maria Jose), Tornaritis, M. J. (Michael J.), Torrent, M. (Maties), Torres-Collado, L. (Laura), Traissac, P. (Pierre), Trinh, O. T. (Oanh T. H.), Truthmann, J. (Julia), Tsugane, S. (Shoichiro), Tulloch-Reid, M. K. (Marshall K.), Tuomainen, T.-P. (Tomi-Pekka), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Tybjaerg-Hansen, A. (Anne), Tzourio, C. (Christophe), Ueda, P. (Peter), Ugel, E. (Eunice), Ulmer, H. (Hanno), Unal, B. (Belgin), Uusitalo, H. M. (Hannu M. T.), Valdivia, G. (Gonzalo), Valvi, D. (Damaskini), van Dam, R. (RobM), van der Schouw, Y. T. (Yvonne T.), Van Herck, K. (Koen), Rossem, L. (Lenievan), Van Schoor, N. M. (Natasja M.), van Valkengoed, I. G. (Irene G. M.), Vanderschueren, D. (Dirk), Vanuzzo, D. (Diego), Varbo, A. (Anette), Varona-Perez, P. (Patricia), Vasan, S. K. (Senthil K.), Vatten, L. (Lars), Vega, T. (Tomas), Veidebaum, T. (Toomas), Velasquez-Melendez, G. (Gustavo), Venero-Fernandez, S. J. (Silvia J.), Veronesi, G. (Giovanni), MoniqueVerschuren, W. M. (W. M.), Victora, C. G. (Cesar G.), Vidiawati, D. (Dhanasari), Viet, L. (Lucie), Villalpando, S. (Salvador), Vioque, J. (Jesus), Virtanen, J. K. (Jyrki K.), Visvikis-Siest, S. (Sophie), Viswanathan, B. (Bharathi), Vlasoff, T. (Tiina), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Voutilainen, A. (Ari), Wade, A. N. (Alisha N.), Wagner, A. (Aline), Walton, J. (Janette), Bebakar, W. M. (Wan Mohamad Wan), WanMohamud, W. N. (Wan Nazaimoon), Wang, M.-D. (Ming-Dong), Wang, N. (Ningli), Wang, Q. (Qian), Wang, Y. X. (Ya Xing), Wang, Y.-W. (Ying-Wei), Wannamethee, S. G. (S. Goya), Wedderkopp, N. (Niels), Wei, W. (Wenbin), Whincup, P. H. (Peter H.), Widhalm, K. (Kurt), Widyahening, I. S. (Indah S.), Wiecek, A. (Andrzej), Wijga, A. H. (Alet H.), Wilks, R. J. (Rainford J.), Willeit, J. (Johann), Willeit, P. (Peter), Wilsgaard, T. (Tom), Wojtyniak, B. (Bogdan), Wong-McClure, R. A. (Roy A.), Wong, A. (Andrew), Wong, T. Y. (Tien Yin), Woo, J. (Jean), Woodward, M. (Mark), Wu, F. C. (Frederick C.), Wu, S. (Shouling), Xu, H. (Haiquan), Xu, L. (Liang), Yan, W. (Weili), Yang, X. (Xiaoguang), Yasuharu, T. (Tabara), Ye, X. (Xingwang), Yeow, T. P. (Toh Peng), Yiallouros, P. K. (Panayiotis K.), Yoosefi, M. (Moein), Yoshihara, A. (Akihiro), You, S.-L. (San-Lin), Younger-Coleman, N. O. (Novie O.), Yusoff, A. F. (Ahmad Faudzi), Zainuddin, A. A. (Ahmad A.), Zakavi, S. R. (Seyed Rasoul), Zali, M. R. (Mohammad Reza), Zamani, F. (Farhad), Zambon, S. (Sabina), Zampelas, A. (Antonis), KoZaw, K. (Ko), Zdrojewski, T. (Tomasz), Vrkic, T. Z. (Tajana Zeljkovic), Zhang, Z.-Y. (Zhen-Yu), Zhao, W. (Wenhua), Zhen, S. (Shiqi), Zheng, Y. (Yingfeng), Zholdin, B. (Bekbolat), Zhussupov, B. (Baurzhan), Zoghlami, N. (Nada), Cisneros, J. Z. (Julio Zuniga), Gregg, E. W. (Edward W.), and Ezzati, M. (Majid)

Abstract

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world³ and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions t

Published
2020

22. Association of macro-level determinants with adolescent overweight and suicidal ideation with planning: A cross-sectional study of 21 Latin American and Caribbean Countries.

Author

Elia, C, Karamanos, A, Dregan, A, O'Keeffe, M, Wolfe, I, Sandall, J, Morgan, C, Cruickshank, JK, Gobin, R, Wilks, R, Harding, S, Elia, C, Karamanos, A, Dregan, A, O'Keeffe, M, Wolfe, I, Sandall, J, Morgan, C, Cruickshank, JK, Gobin, R, Wilks, R, and Harding, S

Abstract

Background

Adolescents and young people (10-24 years old) in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region represent approximately 25% of the region's population. Since the 2008 global economic crisis, the pace of reduction in poverty and income inequality in the LAC region has stalled. The region is characterised by high levels of inequities and is also vulnerable to many natural disasters. Food systems are changing with increased availability and marketing of packaged and fast foods and sugar-sweetened drinks. Adolescence is a formative phase of the life course with multiple physical, emotional and social changes which can make them vulnerable to health problems. We assess the potential impact of macro-determinants, human and economic development as well as income inequality, on 2 top-ranking regional priorities for adolescent nutrition and mental health, using measures of overweight and suicidal ideation and planning which some have shown to be associated.

Methods and findings

The Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) is a nationally representative self-administered, school-based survey. We examined overweight/obesity and suicidal ideation with planning by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita or human development index (HDI) in 10-19-year-old adolescents from 21 LAC countries between 2009 and 2013. Sample sizes varied from 943 in Anguilla to 27,988 in Argentina. A total of 55,295 adolescents had a measure of overweight/obesity status, and 59,061 adolescents reported about suicidal ideation with planning. There was equal representation by sex in the surveys (52% girls and 48% boys). A total of 28.8% of boys and 28.1% of girls had overweight/obesity, and 7.5% of boys and 17.5% of girls reported suicidal ideation with planning over the last 12 months. Adjusted for individual socioeconomic and risk behaviours, and relative to the highest GDP per capita tertile, the middle tertile was associated with 42% (95% confidence interval (CI) 59% to 17%

Published
2020

42. Development of food frequency questionnaires in three population samples of Africa origin from Cameroon, Jamaica and Caribbean migrants to the UK

Author

Sharma, S., Cade, J., Jackson, M., Mbanya, J.C., Chungong, S., Forrester, T., Bennett, F., Wilks, R., Balkau, B., and Cruickshank, J.K.

Subjects
Health behavior -- Records and correspondence, Africans in United Kingdom -- Health aspects, Food habits -- Records and correspondence, Jamaica -- Food and nutrition, Cameroon -- Food and nutrition
Abstract

A careful consideration of food intake data is necessary to develop food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) for use in African populations as nutrient intakes vary in different populations. Carbohydrates are the major contributors to energy intakes in Jamaica, while fats are the main energy sources in rural Cameroon. Energy contribution comes mainly from proteins for Caribbeans in Manchester, UK. The FFQ developed for Cameroon has 76 food items, for Jamaica has 69 and for Manchester, UK, has 108 food items.

Published
1996

44. Luciferase-based reporting of suicide gene activity in murine mesenchymal stem cells

Author

Gerace, D, Martiniello-Wilks, R, Habib, R, Simpson, M, Gerace, D, Martiniello-Wilks, R, Habib, R, and Simpson, M

Abstract

© 2019 Gerace et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Due to their ease of isolation, gene modification and tumor-homing properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cellular vehicle for the delivery of toxic suicide genes to a variety of cancers in pre-clinical models. In addition, the incorporation of suicide genes in stem cell-derived cell replacement therapies improves their safety profile by permitting graft destruction in the event of unexpected tumorigeneses or unwanted differentiation. Due to the functional requirement of ATP for the Firefly luciferase gene Luc2 to produce light, luciferase-based reporting of cytotoxicity can be engineered into potential cell therapies. Consequently, we nucleofected mammalian expression plasmids containing both the Luc2 and the yeast fusion cytosine deaminase uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (CDUPRT) genes for expression in murine MSCs to assess luciferase as a reporter of suicide gene cytotoxicity, and MSC as vehicles of suicide gene therapy. In vitro bioluminescence imaging (BLI) showed that following the addition of the non-toxic prodrug fluorocytosine (5-FC), CDUPRT-expressing MSCs displayed enhanced cytotoxicity in comparison to Luc2 reporter MSC controls. This study demonstrates the utility of luciferase as a reporter of CDUPRT-mediated cytotoxicity in murine MSC using BLI.

Published
2019

50. Partial pancreatic transdifferentiation of primary human hepatocytes in the livers of a humanised mouse model

Author

Ren, B, La, QT, O'Brien, BA, Nassif, NT, Tan, Y, Gerace, D, Martiniello-Wilks, R, Torpy, F, Dane, AP, Alexander, IE, and Simpson, AM

Subjects
Cell Transplantation, Lentivirus, Transplantation, Heterologous, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Mice, Disease Models, Animal, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Liver, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Cell Transdifferentiation, Hepatocytes, Animals, Humans, Insulin, Cells, Cultured, Biotechnology
Abstract

Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Background: Gene therapy is one treatment that may ultimately cure type 1 diabetes. We have previously shown that the introduction of furin-cleavable human insulin (INS-FUR) to the livers in several animal models of diabetes resulted in the reversal of diabetes and partial pancreatic transdifferentiation of liver cells. The present study investigated whether streptozotocin-diabetes could be reversed in FRG mice in which chimeric mouse-human livers can readily be established and, in addition, whether pancreatic transdifferentiation occurred in the engrafted human hepatocytes. Methods: Engraftment of human hepatocytes was confirmed by measuring human albumin levels. Following delivery of the empty vector or the INS-FUR vector to diabetic FRG mice, mice were monitored for weight and blood glucose levels. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTTs) were performed. Expression levels of pancreatic hormones and transcription factors were determined by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Results: Diabetes was reversed for a period of 60 days (experimental endpoint) after transduction with INS-FUR. IPGTTs of the insulin-transduced animals were not significantly different from nondiabetic animals. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed the expression of human albumin and insulin in transduced liver samples. Quantitative RT-PCR showed expression of human and mouse endocrine hormones and β-cell transcription factors, indicating partial pancreatic transdifferentiation of mouse and human hepatocytes. Nonfasting human C-peptide levels were significantly higher than mouse levels, suggesting that transdifferentiated human hepatocytes made a significant contribution to the reversal of diabetes. Conclusions: These data show that human hepatocytes can be induced to undergo partial pancreatic transdifferentiation in vivo, indicating that the technology holds promise for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.

Published
2018

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