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Flame extinguishing methods that are safe for humans and non-invasive to the surrounding environment are being sought worldwide. One of them is acoustic technology, which appears to be an innovative and non-invasive means for flame extinguishing. A highpower and long-range extinguisher was built to explore the possibility of using this environmentally friendly technology. The article includes experimental results, obtained from a laboratory stand, on the possibility of extinguishing flames using amplitude-modulated waves depending on the frequency of the acoustic wave and the distance of the flame source from the extinguisher outlet, which is a scientific novelty. The advantages and disadvantages of acoustic technology are also analysed. The paper concludes that low-frequency acoustic waves are favourable for extinguishing flames because they cause more turbulence in the flame, and thus have a higher extinguishing efficiency. The results are promising and acoustic waves may be used to successfully extinguish flames in a wide range of firefighting scenarios in the future.

Featured Application: For industrial-scale extinguishment, natural processes such as acoustic wave propagation can be used. As proven, a technology described in the article using modulated and unmodulated waves can be applied to extinguish flames, as well as to control them. The results presented in the article are limited to extinguishing candle flames, but in the long term, this technique can be used to extinguish flames (especially firebreaks) from various materials (Classes C and B). This inexpensive, versatile, and environmentally safe method can provide a supporting or additional means of fire protection, especially useful in the first stage of fire occurrence. This technique appears to be environmentally friendly (it does not leave stains and does not emit chemicals). Moreover, acoustic waves can be applied to reduce the intensity of smoke and harmful substances in the ambient air, the presence of which is the result of fires (future plans). Due to the consequences of fires, new and environmentally friendly firefighting techniques are constantly being sought. There are many methods of extinguishing flames around the world. One of them is a technique that uses acoustic waves for extinguishing, which can be seen as repeated sequences of molecular compression and dilation (acoustic waves transfer energy due to the movements of molecules and atoms). This research shows a new approach to the extinguishing of flames. In practice, the extinguishing capabilities of low-frequency modulated and unmodulated acoustic waves were tested on a laboratory station, the main component of which was a high-powered acoustic extinguisher (the nominal power was equal to 1700 W). A B&C 21DS115 woofer was applied as a sound source. A Rigol DG4102 and a Proel HPX2800 were used as an acoustic generator with a modulator and as a power amplifier, respectively. In this paper, the presented results are limited to extinguishing candle flames. The tests made it clear that flames can be extinguished using properly generated and directed acoustic waves. As the results indicate, it becomes possible to effectively extinguish flames with both low-frequency modulated and unmodulated acoustic waves, which brings many benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the current state of the art in the use of acoustic effects in the prevention and elimination of fires. For this purpose, the literature review method was applied. The well-known approaches to fire extinguishing and their impact on the environment are considered. Multifaceted studies by a wide range of scientists on the possibilities of the acoustic effect in fire extinguishing are noted. The analysis of literary sources showed the negative impact of both the fires themselves and the majority of fire extinguishing agents on the environment. Variants of the use of the acoustic effect for the prevention and elimination of fires of various combustible substances are considered. The influence of the frequency of acoustic waves, scanning speed, power, and other acoustic parameters on flame extinguishing is noted. The possibilities of using a deep neural network for flame detection have been studied. The limitations and advantages of acoustic technology and further prospects for its development as an element of environmental technologies are shown.

Modern satellite VSAT networks can be applied not only to provide satellite radio and television broadcasting, but also to other domains, such as a two-way Internet access. For this objective it has become necessary to develop appropriate standards and data transmission techniques. An unquestionable advantage of satellite systems is reception range, which translates into possibility of building networks in almost any place on Earth. Depending on the application, such networks can use many topologies. The aim of the article is to review distributed information in this area, as well as to determine the directions of development of the next generation VSAT networks. For this purpose, the literature review has been provided, with due regard to the IEEE Xplore digital library databases, and supported by practical examples.

This paper presents an innovative method of extinguishing of flames using a high-power acoustic extinguisher. This method allows for effective and non-invasive extinguishing of the flames. Experimental results showing the effectiveness of the fire extinguisher for different distances from the flame source and different frequencies of the acoustic wave are discussed. The paper ends with the description of the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of the proposed fire extinguishing method.

In practice, some undesired signals perceived as noise (because of the sound sensation) can effectively extinguish flames. This article provides information on the applicability of acoustic waves (a case of using sine waves and sine waves amplitude modulated by a square waveform) in low-frequency acoustic wave flame extinguishing technology based on experimental results obtained from a laboratory stand, which is a scientific novelty. The benefits of using deep neural networks for flame detection based on dedicated solutions developed through international cooperation are also recognized. In addition, the potential advantages of combining both technologies (use in fully automatic systems), limitations, open problems, and plans for further research are identified. The paper concludes that it is possible to extinguish flames as soon as they appear (firebreaks) and prevent large fires from breaking out. This feature may effectively reduce material losses and increase widespread safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]