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2. Principles of Patellofemoral Rehabilitation

Author

Wilk, Kevin E., Arrigo, Christopher A., Farr, Jack, Section editor, Yanke, Adam B., Section editor, Sherman, Seth L., editor, Chahla, Jorge, editor, LaPrade, Robert F., editor, and Rodeo, Scott A., editor

Published
2024
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3. Understanding nebular spectra of Type Ia supernovae

Author

Wilk, Kevin, Hillier, D. John, and Dessart, Luc

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

In this study, we present one-dimensional, non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium, radiative transfer simulations (using CMFGEN) in which we introduce micro-clumping at nebular times into two Type Ia supernova ejecta models. We use one sub-Chandrasekhar (sub-M$_{\rm Ch}$) ejecta with 1.02 M$_\odot$ and one M$_{\rm Ch}$ ejecta model with 1.40 M$_\odot$. We introduce clumping factors $f=$0.33,0.25, and 0.10 which are constant throughout the ejecta and compared to the unclumped $f=1.0$ case. We find that clumping is a natural mechanism to reduce the ionization of the ejecta, reducing emission from [Fe III], [Ar III], and [S III] by a factor of a few. For decreasing values of the clumping factor $f$, the [Ca II] $\lambda\lambda$7291,7324 doublet became a dominant cooling line for our M$_{\rm Ch}$ model but still weak in our sub-M$_{\rm Ch}$ model. Strong [Ca II] $\lambda\lambda$7291,7324 indicates non-thermal heating in that region and may constrain explosion modelling. Due to the low abundance of stable nickel, our sub-M$_{\rm Ch}$ model never showed the [Ni II] 1.939 micron diagnostic feature for all clumping values., Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, will be submitted to MNRAS

Published
2019
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4. Solving the gamma-ray radiative transfer equation for supernovae

Author

Wilk, Kevin D., Hillier, D. John, and Dessart, Luc

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present a new relativistic radiative-transfer code for $\gamma$-rays of energy less than 5 MeV in supernova (SN) ejecta. This code computes the opacities, the prompt emissivity (i.e. decay), and the scattering emissivity, and solves for the intensity in the co-moving frame. Because of the large expansion velocities of SN ejecta, we ignore redistribution effects associated with thermal motions. The energy deposition is calculated from the energy removed from the radiation field by scattering or photoelectric absorption. This new code yields comparable results to an independent Monte Carlo code. However, both yield non-trivial differences with the results from a pure absorption treatment of $\gamma$-ray transport. A synthetic observer's frame spectrum is also produced from the CMF intensity. At early times when the optical depth to $\gamma$-rays is large, the synthetic spectrum show asymmetric line profiles with redshifted absorption as seen in SN 2014J. This new code is integrated within CMFGEN and allows for an accurate and fast computation of the decay energy deposition in SN ejecta., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2019
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5. Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears: A Modified Consensus Statement

Author

Frangiamore, Salvatore, Dines, Joshua S., Ciccotti, Michael G., Savoie, Felix H., O’Brien, Michael J., Cain, E. Lyle, Cvetanovich, Gregory L., Cohen, Mark S., Verma, Nikhil N., Sugaya, Hiroyuki, Makhni, Eric C., Altchek, David W., Chalmers, Peter N., Ahmad, Christopher S., Schickendantz, Mark S., Romeo, Anthony A., Dugas, Jeffrey R., Paletta, George A., Reinold, Michael M., Conte, Stan, Wilk, Kevin E., Cohen, Steven B., Bush-Joseph, Charles A., Noonan, Thomas K., Camp, Christopher L., Fronek, Jan, Erickson, Brandon J., Hurley, Eoghan T., Mojica, Edward S., and Jazrawi, Laith M.

Published
2023
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7. Impact of clumping on core-collapse supernova radiation

Author

Dessart, Luc, Hillier, D. John, and Wilk, Kevin D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

There is both observational and theoretical evidence that the ejecta of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) are structured. Rather than being smooth and homogeneous, the material is made of over-dense and under-dense regions of distinct composition. Here, we explore the effect of clumping on the SN radiation during the photospheric phase using 1-D non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer and an ejecta model arising from a blue-supergiant explosion (yielding a Type II-peculiar SN). Neglecting chemical segregation, we adopt a velocity-dependent volume-filling factor approach that assumes that the clumps are small but does not change the column density along any sightline. We find that clumping boosts the recombination rate in the photospheric layers, leading to a faster recession of the photosphere, an increase in bolometric luminosity, and a reddening of the SN colors through enhanced blanketing. The SN bolometric light curve peaks earlier and transitions faster to the nebular phase. On the rise to maximum, the strongest luminosity contrast between our clumped and smooth models is obtained at the epoch when the photosphere has receded to ejecta layers where the clumping factor is only 0.5 -- this clumping factor may be larger in Nature. Clumping is seen to have a similar influence in a Type II-Plateau SN model. As we neglect both porosity and chemical segregation our models underestimate the true impact of clumping. These results warrant further study of the influence of clumping on the observables of other SN types during the photospheric phase., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A on 7 Aug. 2018

Published
2018
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8. Ejecta Mass Diagnostics of Type Ia Supernovae

Author

Wilk, Kevin, Hillier, D. John, and Dessart, Luc

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present one-dimensional non-local thermodynamic equilibrium time-dependent radiative transfer simulations (using CMFGEN) of two sub-Chandrasekhar (sub-$M_{\rm Ch}$), one $M_{\rm Ch}$ and one super-$M_{\rm Ch}$ Type Ia SN ejecta models. Three originate from $M_{\rm Ch}$ delayed detonation models, and the fourth is a sub-$M_{\rm Ch}$ detonation model. Ejecta masses are 1.02, 1.04, 1.40, and 1.70 M$_\odot$, and all models have 0.62 M$_\odot$ of $^{56}{\rm Ni}$. Sub-$M_{\rm Ch}$ model light curves evolve faster, reaching bolometric maximum 2--3 days earlier and having 3--4 days shorter bolometric half light widths. The models vary by $\sim$12 per cent at maximum bolometric luminosity and by 0.17 mag in $B_{\rm max}$. While $\Delta M_{15}(B)$ increases with ejecta mass it only varies by $\sim$5 per cent around 1 mag. Sub-$M_{\rm Ch}$ models are 0.25 mag bluer in $B-R$ at $B_{\rm max}$. Optical spectra share many similarities, but lower mass models exhibit less UV line blanketing during the photospheric phase. At nebular times, significant NIR spectroscopic differences are seen. In particular, emission lines of the Ca II NIR triplet; [S III] $\lambda\lambda$9068,9530; [Ca II] $\lambda\lambda$7291,7324; [Ar III] $\lambda\lambda$7135,7751; and [Ni II] 1.939 $\mu$m are stronger in higher mass models. The [Ni II] 1.939 $\mu$m line is absent in the sub-$M_{\rm Ch}$ detonation model, and provides a valuable potential tool to distinguish sub-$M_{\rm Ch}$ explosions from $M_{\rm Ch}$ explosions. In general, the nebular phase models are too highly ionized. We attribute this to the neglect of clumping and/or the distribution of intermediate mass and iron group elements. The two sub-$M_{\rm Ch}$ models, while exploded by different mechanisms, can be distinguished in the $J$ and $H$ bands at late times (e.g., $+200$ days)., Comment: 25 pages, 24 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2017
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10. Management of High Ankle Sprains Utilizing the Tightrope Surgical Procedure -- A Novel Approach for a Rapid Return to Play.

Author

Voight, Michael L., Norman, Connor, Wilk, Kevin, Lucas, Matthew, and Wolfe, Chris

Subjects
ANKLE, PATIENT education, PATIENT compliance, THERAPEUTICS, PROPRIOCEPTION, MINIMALLY invasive procedures, ANKLE injuries, ANKLE surgery, SPORTS re-entry, SPRAINS, WOUND care, DRUGS, JOINT instability
Abstract

The distal tibiofibular joint is described as a syndesmosis. The syndesmosis is important to the structural integrity of the ankle joint by maintaining the proximity of the tibia, fibula, and talus. Syndesmotic or high ankle sprains, involving the syndesmotic ligaments, pose a significant rehabilitative challenge due to their intricate anatomy, prolonged recovery periods following injury, and high susceptibility to persistent disability. Traditional management strategies have often been conservative, marked by lengthy periods of immobilization and a gradual return to activity. Severe syndesmotic injuries with diastasis have been treated surgically with screw fixation which may require a second intervention to remove the hardware and carries an inherent risk of breaking the screw during rehabilitation. Another fixation technique, the Tightrope™, has gained popularity in treating ankle syndesmosis injuries. The TightRope™ involves inserting Fiberwire® through the tibia and fibula, which allows for stabilization of the ankle mortise and normal range of motion. The accelerated rehabilitation protocol promotes early weight-bearing and has been shown to expedite the return to sport. This emerging strategy has shown promise in reducing recovery time as it is now possible to return to sport in less than 2 months after a tightrope repair and accelerated rehabilitation, compared with 3-6 months post screw fixation. This clinical commentary delves into this novel approach, highlighting the procedure, rehabilitation protocols, and the implications for physical therapy practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Neurocognitive and Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Techniques after ACL Injury, Part 1: Optimizing Recovery in the Acute Post-Operative Phase- A Clinical Commentary.

Author

Wilk, Kevin E., Ivey, Morgan, Thomas, Zachary M., and Lupowitz, Lewis

Subjects
ANTERIOR cruciate ligament injury prevention, POSTOPERATIVE care, ANTERIOR cruciate ligament surgery, ANTERIOR cruciate ligament injuries, NEUROMUSCULAR diseases, SPORTS injuries, NEUROPLASTICITY, ISOMETRIC exercise, EXERCISE therapy, TREATMENT effectiveness, OCCUPATIONAL therapy, COGNITIVE rehabilitation
Abstract

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates are on the rise, despite improved surgical techniques and prevention programs. While traditional rehabilitation emphasizes the restoration of motion, strength, and physical performance, emerging research highlights the importance of addressing neurocognitive deficits that can persist after injury. These deficits, including altered proprioception, impaired motor control and muscle recruitment, as well as heightened reliance on visual feedback, can significantly increase the risk of re-injury and impede return to sport. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to outline a proposed comprehensive approach to rehabilitation that challenges the neurocognitive system to optimize rehabilitation outcomes and reduce reinjury risk. Thus, this clinical commentary discusses the rationale for integrating neurocognitive training into all phases of ACLR rehabilitation, from initial injury to eight weeks post-surgery. It details the neurophysiological changes caused by ACL injury and presents evidence supporting the use of exercises that challenge visual attention, decision-making, and motor planning. A comprehensive rehabilitation framework incorporating both physical and neurocognitive components is proposed, aiming to improve long-term outcomes and reduce re-injury risk. Level of Evidence: 5 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Patellofemoral Joint Loading in Forward Lunge With Step Length and Height Variations.

Author

Escamilla, Rafael F., Naiquan Zheng, MacLeod, Toran D., Imamura, Rodney, Shangcheng Wang, Wilk, Kevin E., Yamashiro, Kyle, and Fleisig, Glenn S.

Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL stress, ANALYSIS of variance, RANGE of motion of joints, GAIT in humans, BODY movement, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, REPEATED measures design, BIOMECHANICS, ELECTROMYOGRAPHY, MOTION capture (Human mechanics), GROUND reaction forces (Biomechanics)
Abstract

The objective was to assess how patellofemoral loads (joint force and stress) change while lunging with step length and step height variations. Sixteen participants performed a forward lunge using short and long steps at ground level and up to a 10-cm platform. Electromyography, ground reaction force, and 3D motion were captured, and patellofemoral loads were calculated as a function of knee angle. Repeated-measures 2-way analysis of variance (P < .05) was employed. Patellofemoral loads in the lead knee were greater with long step at the beginning of landing (10°-30° knee angle) and the end of pushoff (10°-40°) and greater with short step during the deep knee flexion portion of the lunge (50°-100°). Patellofemoral loads were greater at ground level than 10-cm platform during lunge descent (50°-100°) and lunge ascent (40°-70°). Patellofemoral loads generally increased as knee flexion increased and decreased as knee flexion decreased. To gradually increase patellofemoral loads, perform forward lunge in the following sequence: (1) minimal knee flexion (0°-30°), (2) moderate knee flexion (0°-60°), (3) long step and deep knee flexion (0°-100°) up to a 10-cm platform, and (4) long step and deep knee flexion (0°-100°) at ground level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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36. List of Contributors

Author

Abdic, Shejla, primary, Agel, Julie, additional, Ahmad, Christopher S., additional, Andrews, James R., additional, Arciero, Robert A., additional, Arrigo, Christopher A., additional, Bagwell, Michael S., additional, Bailey, LCDR James R., additional, Bakshi, Neil, additional, Bernholt, David, additional, Bradley, Helen, additional, Bradley, James P., additional, Brockmeier, Stephen F., additional, Brophy, Robert H., additional, Bedi, Asheesh, additional, Bentley, Jared C., additional, Bernardoni, Eamon, additional, Bessiere, Charles, additional, Boileau, Pascal, additional, Bottoni, Craig R., additional, Budeyri, Aydin, additional, Burkhart, Stephen S., additional, Burrus, M. Tyrrell, additional, Busconi, Brian, additional, Cabrejo-Jones, Katherine, additional, Cain, E. Lyle, additional, Cancienne, Jourdan, additional, Camp, Christopher, additional, Choate, W. Stephen, additional, Ciccotti, Michael G., additional, Cooper, Joseph D., additional, Cordasco, Frank A., additional, Dale, Kevin M., additional, Dare, David M., additional, DeBaun, Malcolm R., additional, Delvecchio, Brooke M., additional, Denard, Patrick J., additional, Didinger, Tracey, additional, Dines, Joshua S., additional, Dodson, Christopher C., additional, Duchman, Kyle R., additional, Dukas, Alex G., additional, Dyrna, Felix, additional, Elattar, Osama, additional, Elbanna, Ashraf M., additional, Eno, Jonathan-James, additional, Fabricant, Peter D., additional, Fox, Henry M., additional, Frank, Rachel M., additional, Freehill, Michael T., additional, Freyder, Jeffrey, additional, Fritz, Erik M., additional, Gamradt, Seth C., additional, Gardner, Michael J., additional, Garofalo, Raffaele, additional, Gaston, Tistia, additional, Gendre, Patrick, additional, Gil, Joseph A., additional, Green, Andrew, additional, Gregory, Bonnie P., additional, Gualtieri, Anthony, additional, Guarrella, Vincenzo, additional, Hamamoto, Jason T., additional, Hatch, M. Daniel, additional, Hawkins, Richard J., additional, Heffernan, John T., additional, Higgins, Laurence D., additional, Hodgins, Justin L., additional, Hunt, Tyler J., additional, Itoi, Eiji, additional, Jobin, Charles M., additional, Johnson, Donovan W., additional, Khan, Moin, additional, Kinderknecht, James J., additional, Krishnan, Sumant “Butch”, additional, Kwapisz, Adam, additional, Kuhn, John E., additional, Lafosse, Laurent, additional, Lau, Brian C., additional, Lazaro, Lionel E., additional, Lazarus, Mark D., additional, Lee, Brian, additional, Levine, William N., additional, Levinson, Michael, additional, Little, Barrett A., additional, Ma, C. Benjamin, additional, MacDonald, Peter, additional, Major, Joshua W., additional, Marchese, Joseph, additional, Matsuki, Keisuke, additional, Mazzocca, Augustus D., additional, Meadows, Molly C., additional, Merolla, Giovanni, additional, McDonald, Lucas S., additional, McKee, Micahel D., additional, Meijer, Karim A., additional, Millett, Peter J., additional, Miniaci, Antony, additional, Moroder, Philipp, additional, Myers, Kevin R., additional, Nissen, Carl W., additional, Noyes, Matthew P., additional, O’Brien, Michael J., additional, O’Brien, Stephen J., additional, O’Donnell, Kevin, additional, Oh, Luke S., additional, Owens, Brett D., additional, Patel, Ronak M., additional, Paladini, Paolo, additional, Pelligrini, Andrea, additional, Plachel, Fabian, additional, Plath, Johannes E., additional, Poehling-Monaghan, Kirsten L., additional, Pogorzelski, Jonas, additional, Porcellini, Giuseppe, additional, Provencher, Matthew T., additional, Resch, Herbert, additional, Resler, Amy, additional, Richter, Dustin L., additional, Roberson, Troy A., additional, Romeo, Anthony A., additional, Rubenstein, David L., additional, Ryu, Jessica, additional, Ryu, Richard, additional, Sanchez, Anthony, additional, Sanchez, George, additional, Savoie, Felix H., additional, Schantz, Katrina, additional, Schickendantz, Mark, additional, Schmidt, Emilie, additional, Sgroi, Terrance A., additional, Sherman, Seth L., additional, Skelley, Nathan W.M., additional, Smith, Jarrod R., additional, Smith, Patrick A., additional, Stewart, Cory, additional, Stokes, Derek, additional, Sugaya, Hiroyuki, additional, Talawadekar, Gautam Deepak, additional, Taverna, Ettore, additional, Taylor, Dean C., additional, Taylor, Samuel A., additional, Thomas, Jared, additional, Thorsness, Robert J., additional, Ticker, Jonathan B., additional, Tjoumakaris, Fotios P., additional, Tokish, John M., additional, Trofa, David P., additional, Truntzer, Jeremy N., additional, Verma, Nikhil N., additional, Vignona, Patrick, additional, Virk, Mandeep S., additional, Vutescu, Emil Stefan, additional, Warner, Jon J.P., additional, Warren, Russell F., additional, Westgard, Paul E., additional, Wiley, Taylor, additional, Wilk, Kevin E., additional, Wolf, Brian R., additional, Yahuaca, B. Israel, additional, Yamamoto, Nobuyuki, additional, Zajac, John, additional, Zhang, Alan L., additional, and Ziegler, Connor G., additional

Published
2018
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38. Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears: A Modified Consensus Statement

Author

Erickson, Brandon J., primary, Hurley, Eoghan T., additional, Mojica, Edward S., additional, Jazrawi, Laith M., additional, Frangiamore, Salvatore, additional, Dines, Joshua S., additional, Ciccotti, Michael G., additional, Savoie, Felix H., additional, O’Brien, Michael J., additional, Cain, E Lyle, additional, Cvetanovich, Gregory L., additional, Cohen, Mark S., additional, Verma, Nikhil N., additional, Sugaya, Hiroyuki, additional, Makhni, Eric C., additional, Altchek, David W., additional, Chalmers, Peter N., additional, Ahmad, Christopher S., additional, Schickendantz, Mark S., additional, Romeo, Anthony A., additional, Dugas, Jeffrey R., additional, Paletta, George A., additional, Reinold, Michael M., additional, Conte, Stan, additional, Wilk, Kevin E., additional, Cohen, Steven B., additional, Bush-Joseph, Charles A., additional, Noonan, Thomas K., additional, Camp, Christopher L., additional, and Fronek, Jan, additional

Published
2023
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49. Contributors

Author

Andriacchi, Thomas P., primary, Babb, John, additional, Barber-Westin, Sue D., additional, Bedi, Asheesh, additional, Bernas, Geoffrey A., additional, Brody, Lori Thein, additional, Bugbee, William D., additional, Cole, Brian J., additional, Dellon, A. Lee, additional, Detterline, Alvin, additional, Fester, Eric, additional, Fitzgerald, Judd R., additional, Görtz, Simon, additional, Gracitelli, Guilherme C., additional, Grawe, Brian M., additional, Grood, Edward S., additional, Harris, Joshua D., additional, Heckmann, Timothy, additional, Hooks, Todd R., additional, Noyes, Frank R., additional, Reinold, Michael M., additional, Richter, Dustin L., additional, Rodeo, Scott A., additional, Scanlan, Sean F., additional, Schenck, Robert C., additional, Strickland, Justin, additional, Sugiguchi, Fumitaka, additional, Teitge, Robert A., additional, Vander Have, Kelly L., additional, Wascher, Daniel C., additional, Welton, K. Linnea, additional, Wilk, Kevin E., additional, and Wojtys, Edward M., additional

Published
2017
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