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A regiao de Palestina de Goias, localizada no Sudoeste do Estado de Goias, abrange cerca de 42 sitios arqueologicos registrados, sendo 28 com pinturas rupestres. Esse patrimonio cultural vem sofrendo degradacao por varios fatores, e um deles e a bioturbacao por cupins. Diante da importância de levantar dados que subsidiem acoes de protecao e preservacao da arte rupestre nessa regiao, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a presenca de cupins e suas acoes nos sitios arqueologicos com pinturas. A Bioturbacao por cupins foi confirmada nos seis sitios e representam uma ameaca para as pinturas rupestres. Nasutitermes foi o genero mais frequente (59%). Os resultados subsidiam futuros estudos de monitoramento e acoes de conservacao em sitios arqueologicos com este tipo de ameaca. BIOTURBATION BY TERMITES (BLATTODEA, ISOPTERA) IN ROCK-ART SITES IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL REGION OF CAIAPONIA, CENTRAL BRAZIL ABSTRACT The Palestine region of Goias, located in the southwest of the state of Goias, has about 42 registered archaeological sites, 28 of them with cave paintings. This cultural heritage has been degraded by several factors, and one of them is the presence of termites. Given the importance of protection and preservation of rock art in this region, a study was proposed to identify the presence of termites and their actions in archaeological sites with paintings. Of the 42 sites, six were visited. Termite Bioturbation was confirmed at the six sites, posing a threat to cave paintings. Nasutitermes was the most frequent genera (59%). The results support future studies of monitoring and conservation actions in archaeological sites with this type of threat. Keywords : Caiaponia; Bioturbation; Termites

O estudo levantou informacoes a respeito da conservacao do Sitio Historico Casa Grande apos sua inundacao para a formacao do reservatorio hidrico do ribeirao Joao Leite, atraves de inferencias sobre o processo de deposicao e tipo de sedimento, bioturbacao e parâmetros fisico-quimicos da agua. Os resultados evidenciaram que o sitio encontra-se em bom estado de conservacao apos seis anos de inundacao, dao subsidios a pesquisas futuras, com grande potencial para o estudo de artefatos cerâmicos de olaria e abre espaco a discussao sobre a tomada de decisao em relacao a resgates arqueologicos em sitios em vias de inundacao permanente. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE CASA GRANDE: A Case Study of Underwater Archeology in the State of Goias, Brazil ABSTRACT The goal of the study was to gather information about the conservation of the archaeological site Casa Grande after its flood to the formation of the water reservoir of the Joao Leite stream, through inferences on the deposition process and type of sediment, bioturbation, and physicochemical parameters of water. The results showed that the site is in good condition after six years of flooding. The results presented in this study give support to future research, with great potential for the study of ceramic artifacts, and encourages discussion on decision-making in relation to archaeological rescues at sites undergoing permanent flooding. Keywords : Historical Archaelogy; Bioturbation; Conservation.

Introdução: No Brasil são registrados cerca de 1.026 espécies de anfíbios, representados por três ordens, Anura, Gymnophiona e Urodela. Os anuros compreendem espécies susceptíveis a vários efeitos antrópicos. O estudo realizado compreende uma avaliação da anfibiofauna urbana e é essencial, pois fornece informações sobre a diversidade taxonômica de uma assembleia em um fragmento urbano, sujeita a vários fatores de pressão. Objetivo: Inventariar a fauna dos anfíbios que fazem o uso de uma poça permanente dentro do Campus II da PUC Goiás. Método: O estudo foi conduzido a partir de levantamento de dados primários em uma poça permanente próxima a uma nascente, localizada no Campus II da PUC Goiás, município de Goiânia, Estado de Goiás. A metodologia utilizada foi à busca ativa na poça, por meio de Procura Visual Limitada por Tempo, com esforço amostral de 80 horas/observador. As coletas foram realizadas entre os meses de setembro de 2017 a março de 2018, com frequência quinzenal. Resultados: Foram realizadas 10 amostragens, com o registro de 332 indivíduos da ordem Anura, classificados em seis espécies: Scinax fuscomarginatus (34,64%); D. cruzi (31,02%); Physalaemus cuvieri (14,76%); Boana paranaiba (12,95%); Dendropsophus minutus (4,82%) e Leptodactylus sp. (1,81%). As espécies registradas estão alocadas em cinco gêneros, pertencentes a duas famílias: Hylidae (83,43%) e Leptodactylidae (16,57%). Conclusão: Com base nas metas do projeto, concluímos que as mesmas foram cumpridas, conforme foi estabelecido. Os dados foram analisados e conclui-se que a assembleia na poça avaliada encontra-se depauperada e com uma baixa riqueza quando se compara com outros estudos que avaliam assembleias urbanas.

Here, we describe a new species of Amphisbaena with two precloacal pores from open Cerrado areas of the municipality of Arenópolis, in the Brazilian state of Goiás. The new species differs from other South American amphisbaenids by the folllowing combination of characters: (1) snout rounded in dorsal view and slightly convex in lateral view; (2) two precloacal pores; (3) 161–176 dorsal half-annuli; and (4) 12–15 tail annuli. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis retrieved a monophyletic Amphisbaena silvestrii group, with A. silvestrii positioned as the sister-group of a clade formed by Amphisbaena anaemariae and the new species described herein. Members of the A. silvestrii group including A. neglecta and A. crisae not added in our phylogenetic analysis are characterized by a relatively small body, two precloacal pores, body coloration with dark and light areas, and lack of specializations on the cephalic or caudal shields. We present a key for two-pored species of Amphisbaena.

A new species of Amphisbaena is described from the Brazilian Amazon, within the area impacted by the Teles Pires hydroelectric power plant, Jacareacanga municipality, State of Pará. Amphisbaena hoogmoedi sp. nov. can be diagnosed from its congeners by the following combination of characters: snout convex in profile view, sligthly compressed not keeled; pectoral scales arranged in regular annuli; conspicuous autotomic site between 7th–8th caudal annuli; 247–252 dorsal half-annuli; 27 caudal annuli; tail length 9.5–10.4% of snoutvent length; four precloacal pores arranged in sequence; three supralabials; a rounded tail; 22–24 dorsal segments in midbody annulus; postmalar row absent; head length 2.1–2.9% of snout-vent length; prefrontals length 46.6–49.5% of head length; prefrontals suture length 38–44.6% of head length; small malar length 10.6–13.4% of ventral length of head ; second infralabial length 33.8–38.5% of head length; ventral length of head 2.7–2.9% of snout-vent length; mouth length 80.2–81.8% of head length; third infralabial length 16.4–19.6% of head length; snout length 62.5–78.6% of head length; ocular length 23.4–26.2% of head length; mental length 23.2–25.4% of ventral length of head; postmental length 27.2–31.3% of ventral length of head; frontals suture length 23.4–32.3% of head length; postocular width 25–31.9% of maximun width of head; first supralabial length 24.9–30.6% of head length; second supralabial length 27.7–30% of head length and second supralabial height 26.9–28.8% of maximun head height. The hemipenis is bilobed, capitate and with lateral lamellae on the lobes; with a centrally-positioned spermatic groove, bifurcated at the base of the lobes, and with each branch extending to the tip of organ.

A new species of Oreobates Jiménez de la Espada, 1872 is described from the seasonally dry tropical forest associated to rocky outcrops of the northeastern Goiás State, Central Brazil. Oreobates antrum sp. nov. is diagnosable by the combination of morphological characters (e.g. small size, dorsal and ventral skin texture smooth to finely shagreened, and broadly enlarged truncate discs on Fingers III and IV), call attributes (composed of a single note and no harmonics with dominant frequency ranged 2070 Hz to 3273 Hz), and supported by molecular evidence (phylogenetic position and genetic divergence) with high degree of differentiation among other Oreobates species (divergences of 4.0–20.6% for 12S, 7.0–14% for 16S, 0.7–4.0% for RAG-1, and 1.1–8.0% for TYR). The new species was recovered as the sister of Oreobates remotus.

Proceratophrys Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 currently comprises 40 species (Frost 2017) of which 15 are allocated into the Proceratophrys cristiceps species group (sensu Brandão et al. 2013). The species in this group are characterized by the absence of postocular swellings and, except for P. concavitympanum, are found in seasonally open habitats in Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga morphoclimatic domains (Giaretta et al. 2000; Ávila et al. 2012; Teixeira Jr. et al. 2012; Brandão et al. 2013). Information on advertisement calls is available for 11 species of the group (Eterovick & Sazima 1998; Nunes & Juncá 2006; Brasileiro et al. 2008; Santana et al. 2010; Ávila et al. 2012; Martins & Giaretta 2011; 2012; 2013; Ferreira et al. 2016). Proceratophrys branti Brandão, Carmaschi, Vaz-Silva & Campos, 2013 has been recently described and allocated in the P. cristiceps species group. The species occurs in open areas in the north-central portion of the Brazilian Cerrado, in the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais and Tocantins (Brandão et al. 2013). Herein we describe for the first time its advertisement call, based on recordings made in an area of Cerrado biome in the state of Tocantins.

Even harboring a high diversity and many endemic species of amphibians and reptiles, the Cerrado biome has shown drastic changes due to the conversion of natural areas into pastures and plantations. Here, we present a checklist of amphibians and reptiles from southeastern state of Goiás, Central Brazil. This checklist was the result of collecting efforts of an inventory along the basin of the Piracanjuba and Peixe rivers carried out between September 2010 and January 2011. We recorded 39 amphibians and 40 reptiles. These results were also compared to other studies in the Cerrado biome. Our results showed that this region has a rich herpetofauna, despite the progress of anthropogenic activities in the region.

The current biodiversity crisis has stimulated the creation of protected areas, a fundamental conservation tool for halting biodiversity loss. Moreover, protected areas are often accessed by researchers for field observations and natural experiments, thus representing also an important tool promoting biodiversity discoveries. Here, we investigated the importance of protected areas in achieving both conservation and scientific roles for anurans in the Brazilian Cerrado. We specifically compared species richness, species geographical range size, time since species description, and species body size from 173 anurans between 18 protected and seven non-protected areas. We expect that conservation role would be fulfilled if higher species richness is represented into protected than non-protected areas. Similarly, if reserves are effective tools in promoting biodiversity discoveries, we expect a higher number of less detectable (narrow-ranged and small-bodied) and recently described species into protected areas. The estimated species richness was significantly higher in protected than non-protected areas (t = 12.82; df = 6; p

Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Biologicas – PUC Goias, Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Goias – UCG, Rua 235, 40, Bloco L, Setor Universitario, CEP 74605-010, Goiânia, GO, Brazil*e-mail: renan29_oliveira@yahoo.com.brReceived: June 2, 2014 – Accepted: December 11, 2014 – Distribuited: August 31, 2015

Proceratophrys dibernardoi Brandão, Caramaschi, Vaz-SilvaCampos 2013 has recently been described and allocated into the P. cristiceps species group, but no information about its advertisement calls has been provided (Brandão et al. 2013). Here, we describe for the first time the advertisement calls of P. dibernardoi based on specimens from Central Brazil. We also expand P. dibernardoi´s geographic distribution by reporting a new population in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, constituting the westernmost record for this species, and extending its known range approximately 330 km westward of the municipality of Aporé, State of Goiás (P. dibernardoi´s former westernmost record).

portuguesA degradacao ambiental tem resultado no declinio de diversas populacoes de anuros. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar aspectos ecologicos de assembleias de anuros em diferentes ambientes no municipio de Hidrolândia, Goias, relacionando a heterogeneidade ambiental com a amplitude e sobreposicao de nicho espacial dos anuros, alem de produzir informacoes sobre a riqueza, a abundância e a distribuicao espacial e temporal das populacoes locais. As amostragens foram coletadas, mensalmente, entre setembro de 2006 e agosto de 2007, com visitas de tres dias de duracao, em cinco diferentes ambientes da regiao. Foram registradas 22 especies de anuros, com uma abundância de aproximadamente 4.000 especimes, classificados em 11 generos e seis familias. As especies mais abundantes foram Dendropsophus minutus, D. cruzi e Physalaemus cuvieri. O habitat com a maior heterogeneidade espacial foi o ambiente que apresentou a maior diversidade de especies (1,03). Os ambientes amostrados apresentaram uma alta similaridade de fauna, evidenciando uma maior similaridade em ambientes associados a mata e em ambientes antropicos. Para descrever os limites e a interpenetracao das atividades de distribuicao espacial de cada especie registrada, foram realizadas analises de amplitude e sobreposicao de nicho espacial. O conjunto de dados analisados determinou uma influencia direta da heterogeneidade espacial dos ambientes na riqueza e na partilha espacial e temporal dos anuros locais. EnglishThe environmental degradation has resulted in decline of several anuran populations. The present work aim was to analyze ecological aspects of anuran assemblages in different environments in the municipality of Hidrolândia, Goias, relating the environmental heterogeneity with the breadth and spatial niche overlap, in addition to producing information about the richness, the abundance, and the spatial and temporal distribution of the local populations. The samples were realized monthly among September 2006 and August 2007, by visits with three days of duration, in five different environments of the region. Twenty-two species of anurans were registered, with an abundance of approximately 4.000 specimens, classified in 11 genus and six families. The most abundant species were Dendropsophus minutus, D. Cruzi, and Physalaemus cuvieri. The habitat with the biggest spatial heterogeneity was also the one with the biggest species diversity (1.03). The sampled environments presented a high anuran fauna similarity, showing a greater similarity in forests and anthropic environments. In order to describe the limits and the interpenetration of spatial distribution activities of each species registered, analysis of breadth and spatial niche overlap were realized. The set of data analyzed has determined a direct influence of environmental spatial heterogeneity in the richness and in the spatial and temporal share of local anurans.

Melanophryniscus pachyrhynus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920) was known from only two syntypes collected in southern Brazil about 100 years ago. Recently, we discovered many specimens from several localities in Brazil, and specimens were also reported for Uruguay. The Brazilian specimens were found during field trips or were stored in collections under incorrect names. Based on analysis of live specimens and freshly collected material we report that M. pachyrhynus is a relatively common species in southern Brazil, extend its geographic distribution, and add information to the species redescription.

The region of Volta Grande do Xingu River, in the state of Pará, presents several kinds of land use ranging from extensive cattle farming to agroforestry, and deforestation. Currently, the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant affects the region. We present a checklist of amphibians and reptiles of the region and discuss information regarding the spatial distribution of the assemblies based on results of Environmental Programmes conducted in the area. We listed 109 amphibian (Anura, Caudata, and Gymnophiona) and 150 reptile (Squamata, Testudines, and Crocodylia) species. The regional species richness is still considered underestimated, considering the taxonomic uncertainty, complexity and cryptic diversity of various species, as observed in other regions of the Amazon biome. Efforts for scientific collection and studies related to integrative taxonomy are needed to elucidate uncertainties and increase levels of knowledge of the local diversity. Resumo A região da Volta Grande no Rio Xingu, localizada no estado do Pará, apresenta várias frentes de exploração que vão desde a criação animal até área de cultivo, resultando no desmatamento de fragmentos florestais. Atualmente a região está sendo impactada pela implantação da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte. A partir de dados obtidos através dos Programas de Monitoramento Ambiental realizados na área de influência da UHE Belo Monte, apresentamos uma listagem das espécies de anfíbios e répteis, com comentários sobre a distribuição espacial das assembleias. Foram catalogados 109 espécies de anfíbios (Anura, Caudata e Gymnophiona) e 150 de répteis (Squamata, Testudines e Crocodylia). Considerando as incertezas taxonômicas, a complexidade e a diversidade críptica de várias espécies, a riqueza regional ainda continua subestimada, assim como observado em outras regiões da Amazônia. Esforços direcionados ao aproveitamento científico e estudos que contemplem a taxonomia integrativa são necessários para elucidar as incertezas e aumentar o nível de conhecimento sobre a diversidade da região.

The genus Odontophrynus is distributed throughout the Neotropics being represented by eleven species (Frost 2017). Recently, Caramaschi & Napoli (2012) presented a taxonomic revision of the species belonging to the Odontophrynus cultripes species group including the redescription of O. carvalhoi together with natural history attributes, advertisement call description and geographic distribution remarks.

Based on the analyses of specimens collected at several areas in the Cerrado domain from Central Brazil and others housed in scientific collections and on specimens collected at the type-locality, herein we describe three new species belonging to the P. cristiceps group: Proceratophrys bagnoi sp. nov., from UHE Serra da Mesa power plant (13°49'47.5"S, 48°19'17"W; 570 m a.s.l.; WGS84 datum), Municipality of Minaçu, State of Goiás; Proceratophrys branti sp. nov., from Jalapão, Municipality of Mateiros (05

The current communication reports a record of Dendropsophus sarayacuensis (Shreve 1935) for the municipality of Itaituba, state of Pará, Brazil. It is the first record from the middle Tapajós river region, southeast of State of Pará, filling gap on the geogrphic distribution of this species and extending the distribution from localities currently reported in the literature.

Proceratophrys dibernardoi Brandão, Caramaschi, Vaz-Silva & Campos 2013 has recently been described and allocated into the P. cristiceps species group, but no information about its advertisement calls has been provided (Brandão et al. 2013). Here, we describe for the first time the advertisement calls of P. dibernardoi based on specimens from Central Brazil. We also expand P. dibernardoi´s geographic distribution by reporting a new population in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, constituting the westernmost record for this species, and extending its known range approximately 330 km westward of the municipality of Aporé, State of Goiás (P. dibernardoi´s former westernmost record).

A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Pristimantis conspicillatus group is described from theCerrado biome in central Brazil. Pristimantis ventrigranulosus sp. nov. is found in riparian forests associated with a par-ticular palm tree called “babaçú” (Attalea speciosa: Aracaceae) in northwestern Goiás state of Brazil. The new species isonly known from the type locality: Fazenda Macaúba (16°35’23” S; 51°47’43” W, approximately 400 m above sea level),Piranhas Municipality in the state of Goiás. The new species differs from the other species in the P. conspicillatus groupmainly by having, an homogeneously granular belly, Finger I > Finger II, dorsal skin coarsely shagreen, toe and fingerfringes weakly developed or absent, presence of basal webbing and tarsal fold, single nuptial pad on thumb, moderatelydeveloped and round discs on Fingers III and IV, and higher dominant frequency than other Pristimantis with similar calls(ranging 3451.8−4334.8 Hz). The new species shows an advertisement call equal in structure to the calls of P. dundeei, P. fenestratus, P. koehleri and P. vilarsi. Pristimantis dundeei is transferred to the P. conspicillatus group.