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DICKEY-LINCOLN SCHOOL LAKES HYDROTHERMAL MODEL STUDY Hydraulic Laboratory Investigation by Mark S. Dortch, Bruce Loftis Darrell G. Fontane, Steven C. Wilhelms Hydraulics Laboratory U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station P. O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 December 1976 Final Report Approved For Public Release; Distribuiron Unlimited TA 7 .W34t H-76-22 1976 Prepared for U. S. Army Engineer Division, New England Waltham, Massachusetts 0 2 154 libra p v J\PR2 ' ' Bureau of Reclam; Destroy this report when no longer needed. it to the originator. Do not return 'Y A / , ’ ' 1 _ IREAU OF l> * Unclassified LAMATION DENVER LIBRARY 920 67264 S ECU RITY CLASS IF IC AT ION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) 7 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1. RE PO RT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. Technical Report H-76-22 3. R E C IP IE N T 'S CATALOG NUMBER 4. T IT L E (and'Subtitle) * DICKEY-LINCOLN SCHOOL LAKES HYDROTHERMAL MODEL STUDY; Hydraulic Lahoratory Investigation 5. T Y P E OF RE PO RT ft PERIOD COVERED ^Final report)^ 6. PERFORMING ORG. RE PO RT NUMBER 7. A U T H O R S J Mark S. Dortch^K^ Darrell G. Fontane Bruce Loftis Steven C. Wilhelms 8. CO NTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERfsJ 9. PERFORMING O RG ANIZA T IO N NAME AND ADDRESS U. S.^Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Hydraulics Laboratory P. 0. Box 631, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT , PROJECT , TASK AREA ft WORK U N IT NUMBERS 11. CO NTRO L L ING O F F IC E NAME AND ADDRESS U. S. Army Engineer Division, New England h2b Trapelo Road Waltham, Massachusetts 0215^- A2. REPORT DA TE 1 December 19764 13. NUMBER OF PAGES 72 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME ft ADDRESS ( i f different from Controlling O ffice) 15. SECU RITY CLASS, (o f thia report) Unclassified 15«. DECLASSI FI CATION/DOWN GRADING SCHEDULE 16. DISTRIBUT IO N S TATEMENT (o f this Report) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 17. DISTRIBUT IO N S TA TEM EN T (o f the abatract entered in Block 20, i f diffe

ERDC/CHL TR-17-10 Dissolved Gas Abatement Studies Design of Deflectors for Little Goose Spillway, Snake River, Oregon A Physical Model Study Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory Steven C. Wilhelms and Laurin I. Yates June 2017 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) solves the nation’s toughest engineering and environmental challenges. ERDC develops innovative solutions in civil and military engineering, geospatial sciences, water resources, and environmental sciences for the Army, the Department of Defense, civilian agencies, and our nation’s public good. Find out more at www.erdc.usace.army.mil. To search for other technical reports published by ERDC, visit the ERDC online library at http://acwc.sdp.sirsi.net/client/default. Dissolved Gas Abatement Studies ERDC/CHL TR-17-10 June 2017 Design of Deflectors for Little Goose Spillway, Snake River, Oregon A Physical Model Study Steven C. Wilhelms and Laurin I. Yates Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 Final report Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District Walla Walla, WA 99362-1876 Under Program Number U425243, “Dissolved Gas Abatement Study” ERDC/CHL TR-17-10 ii Abstract Based on the results of the Dissolved Gas Abatement Studies, spillway deflectors were recommended for the exterior bays of the Little Goose Spillway to reduce total dissolved gas production during spill operations. The design of the deflectors was developed by examining their hydraulic performance in a 1:40-scale section model of the spillway. Four different deflector designs were compared relative to flow conditions in the stilling basin and tailrace area of the section model. The authors recommend the design of the existing deflector, designated Type I, which is 8 feet (ft) long at elevation 532.0 (Nation

ERDC/CHL SR-16-3 Dissolved Gas Abatement Studies Ice Harbor Spillway Dissolved Gas Field Studies: Before and After Spillway Deflectors Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory Michael L. Schneider and Steven C. Wilhelms July 2016 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) solves the nation’s toughest engineering and environmental challenges. ERDC develops innovative solutions in civil and military engineering, geospatial sciences, water resources, and environmental sciences for the Army, the Department of Defense, civilian agencies, and our nation’s public good. Find out more at www.erdc.usace.army.mil. To search for other technical reports published by ERDC, visit the ERDC online library at http://acwc.sdp.sirsi.net/client/default. Dissolved Gas Abatement Studies ERDC/CHL SR-16-3 July 2016 Ice Harbor Spillway Dissolved Gas Field Studies: Before and After Spillway Deflectors Michael L. Schneider and Steven C. Wilhelms Coastal And Hydraulics Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-6199 Final report Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington, DC 20314-1000 Under Program Number U425243, “Dissolved Gas Abatement Study” Monitored by U.S. Army Engineer District, Walla Walla 201 N 3rd Ave Walla Walla, WA 99362 ERDC/CHL SR-16-3 ii Abstract Based on the results of the Dissolved Gas Abatement Studies, spillway deflectors were adopted for Ice Harbor as a measure to reduce the total dissolved gas (TDG) production during spill operations. Three field studies were conducted at the Ice Harbor Spillway on the lower Snake River to characterize the effects of spill operations on TDG in the Snake River. The first two studies examined TDG production for the original spillway design. The third study characterized TDG production with flow deflectors installed on the spillway face. TDG

SELECT is a numerical, one-dimensional model of selective withdrawal developed at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center. SELECT v1.0 Beta uses Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software to compute withdrawal characteristics and release water quality for various operational alternatives. The spreadsheet implementation of the SELECT model provides a highly interactive environment for the application of the model. This guide was developed to assist users of the SELECT v1.0 Beta spreadsheet model. The guide briefly discusses the concepts of selective withdrawal in reservoirs and describes how those concepts are implemented in the spreadsheet model. It then provides an overview of the execution of the spreadsheet model and includes guidance on preparing the required input data for the model. Examples of model input and model output are provided.

A 1:40 Froudian Scale model was used to investigate the hydraulic performance of the Lower Monumental Dam spillway, stilling basin, and tailrace for dissolved gas reduction and stilling basin apron scour. The model reproduced a 2-1/2 bay section of the spillway and portion of the nonoverflow section between the spillway and navigation lock. Performance characteristics of two spillway deflectors were evaluated. The existing deflector (12.5 ft long horizontal with small fillet radius for transition from spillway to deflector) was recommended at el 434.0 because of its slightly wider tailwater range for operation in skimming flow. However, for fish passage over the deflector, the Type I deflector (12.5 ft horizontal with lS-ft radius transition) can likely be adopted with little degradation in dissolved gas uptake. Loadings on the deflector were estimated with pressure measurements on the horizontal and vertical faces. Instantaneous cavitation pressures were measured on the vertical face of the deflector due to flow separation. Only minor cavitation damage has been observed at other spillway deflectors, and thus, significant damage is not expected. Pressure measurements on the stilling basin flow show potential uplift pressure as high as 3,300 lb/ft. If these pressures have a pathway beneath the stilling basin apron, significant uplift force could result, ultimately causing a catastrophic failure of the apron., The original document contains color images. All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white.

The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans for purposes of navigation. On its way it crosses Miraflores Lake and Gatun Lake. Three navigation locks at each end of the Canal lift ships from the ocean to Gatun Lake through a height of 26 m (83 feet) above sea level and then lower them through three locks, bringing them back to the ocean level. Fresh water from Gatun Lake used for filling the locks is eventually lost to the sea while transferring ships from the lake to the sea. The net loss of fresh water is about 32 million gallons per lockage operation. Salt water from the ocean gets added to the lake during transit of ships from the ocean to the lake. Currently about 38 ships transit the Canal daily. The Panama Canal Commission (PCC) is considering engineering options for increasing the number of vessels transiting each day. It is feared that increased saltwater intrusion may occur and the Gatun Lake water may also become unsuitable for drinking. The Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Waterways Experiment Station, (WES), Vicksburg made preliminary computations for the extent of salt intrusion and a feasibility-level evaluation of mitigation measures. The work consisted of the following: (a) Examination of field data, (b) Review of literature on prevention of salt water intrusion in navigation locks, (c) Mass balance model for Miraflores and Gatun lakes. (d) Evaluation of salinity intrusion and freshwater consumption mitigation alternatives. The following numerical tools were developed: (a) A simple mixing analysis coded in spreadsheet form that provides zero-dimensional models for the salinity of individual locks and the two lakes plus a freshwater consumption model for Gatun Lake. (b) A depth-integrated two-dimensional numerical model for dispersive transport of salt water into Gatun Lake.

Destratification is an alternative for improving the overall quality, particularly dissolved oxygen content, of a stratified reservoir. Pneumatic systems have been used most often for providing the energy needed to destratify a water body. However, there are no means to evaluate the long-term operation of a destratification system. Under contract, the St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, developed a subroutine entitled BUBBLES that simulates the destratification of a lake or reservoir by an air bubble diffuser. This subroutine was added to CE-THERM-RI and used to account for mixing that occurs in a lake or reservoir caused by a pneumatic destratification system. CE-THERM-Rl contains the thermal analysis portion of CE-QUAL-R1 and is used to simulate the water and heat budgets of a water body. This report describes the development of BUBBLES and its incorporation into CE-THERM-R1. In BUBBLES, the reservoir is divided into a near field and a far field. 'Me near-field model includes the bubble plume and the flow in its vicinity. The far-field model treats the rest of the reservoir and considers the flow from the plume toward the lake and from the lake toward the plume. The far-field model is coupled with CE-THERM-RL to simulate water and heat budgets of the water body. Bubble plume, Pneumatic, Destratification, Reservoir, Diffuser, Water quality, Lake.

Reservoir destratification was applied to East Sidney Reservoir, New York, to fulfill objectives of a general research effort and to solve the specific problems encountered at East Sidney. The study was conducted to (a) gain general experience in the design, construction, and installation of a pneumatic destratification system; (b) evaluate system performance and design methods; and (c) develop methods for operational control of a destratification system. The initial design of the destratification system included a large degree of flexibility to permit evaluation of alternative operations. The initial configuration of the destratification system, which is the subject of this report, consisted of a diffuser longer than required by the design criteria under evaluation. System performance was evaluated relative to its effectiveness at eliminating and preventing thermal stratification. Tests were conducted in 1989 to assess the local mixing characteristics of the system and in 1990 to assess the full-lake effects of system operation. Also in 1990, the daily duration of system operation was varied depending upon the degree of lake stratification to develop guidance for operation and verify the applicability of an in-lake monitoring system for controlling the destratification system.

Guidance is presented for the use of physical models in the study of reservoir hydrodynamic processes. Modeling theory is developed by nondimensionalizing the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid motion. Examination of these nondimensional equations shows that complete dynamic similitude between prototype and model is achieved by the equating of respective Froude and Reynolds numbers. Although such an equation is not possible if water is the model and prototype fluid, similitude is still maintained if the model and prototype Froude numbers are equated and if the fundamental character of prototype flow (turbulent) is maintained in the model. Scaling relationships for undistorted and distorted models are presented and the appropriate use of each is discussed. Examples of the application of the relationships presented are given in some detail. An extensive list of publications documenting site-specific and research investigations involving physical modeling is also provided. Keywords: Density currents, and Water resources.

A radioactive tracer technique was employed to evaluate the gas transfer occurring in hydraulic jumps characterized by a range of Froude numbers. Various relationships of gas transfer to Froude number, unit discharge, and Reynolds number are formulated and presented. These relationships are compared with other experimenter's work in the same area. Conclusions are drawn regarding applicability to prototype predictions or evaluations of gas transfer. (Author)

Dissolved oxygen and temperature data from twelve Corps of Engineers civil works projects were analyzed relative to oxygen uptake through the project's outlet structure. All the structures examined were similar gated-conduit outlet works. The Energy Dissipation Model (EDM) and Deficit Ratio Model (DRM) were evaluated for use in predicting reaeration through outlet works. Most of the structures reaerated their releases to 80-90 percent of saturation. The EDM appears more appropriate for use with structures than does the DRM. (Author)

This study presents the results of applying a gas tracer technique to determine the reaeration rate of flow through a hydraulic model. Radioactive tracers, krypton-85 and tritium, were used to determine the reaeration characteristics of two different spillway designs. The technique was sufficiently sensitive to detect gas-transfer changes due to the design changes tested. Dissolved oxygen (DO) uptake was predicted with results from the tracer tests and compared favorably with observed DO uptake from disturbed-equilibrium tests. (Author)

Prototype water-quality tests were conducted at Beltzville Dam. The purposes of these tests were to: (a) determine the location and degree of reaeration of flow that occurred as it passed through the outlet works, (b) provide prototype data with which to evaluate the accuracy of the selective withdrawal numerical model, SELECT, and (c) supplement results of hydraulic prototype tests conducted at Beltzville Dam in May 1973. Twelve tests were conducted. Temperature and dissolved oxygen data (vertical profiles) were collected upstream of the dam, at seven stations within the outlet structure, and at one station in the downstream channel. The tests involved various flow rates and various outflow port elevations. The results of these prototype tests showed: (a) the dissolved oxygen content of the release flows was approximately 90 to 95 percent of the saturation level regardless of the dissolved oxygen content of the flow entering the structure or the discharge, and major reaeration occurred within the outlet structure downsteam of the water-quality gate; (b) the predictions of the SELECT model were in close agreement with the observed data; and (c) the hydraulic measurements were close to those of the 1973 tests.

Tests were conducted at Okatibbee Lake, Mississippi, to evaluate the effectiveness of localized mixing for enhancing the quality of low-level, low-flow releases from a stratified impoundment. A low-energy mechanical pump (Garton pump) that consisted of a submerged ventilating fan driven by a 1.12-kw electric motor was positioned immediately upstream of and above the low-level intake. Epilimnion water was forced toward the lake bottom where it was mixed with hypolimnion water and then released through the fixed low-level flood control outlet. The quality of this water mixture was an improvement over the quality of the water released without the pump operating. It was estimated that the epilimnion water comprised about 50 percent of the total release. Use of a Garton pump to induce localized mixing upstream of a fixed low-level flood control outlet was demonstrated to be an effective and economical means of improving the quality of low-flow releases from a stratified reservoir. (Author)

A one-dimensional, vertically stratified, thermal simulation model was developed for prediction of temperature within and downstream from Dickey-Lincoln School Lakes. Two physical hydraulic models were used to obtain an improved understanding and description of the hydrodynamic response of the lakes to pumped-storage hydropower. An undistorted, 1:200-scale model of the Dickey Lake intake structures and local topography was used to determine the steady-state selective withdrawal and pumpback flow characteristics for various conditions. A highly distorted-scale model (1:3600 horizontal, 1:180 vertical) was used to simulate the entire dual reservoir system and to determine the response to dynamic, unsteady-state, density stratified flow. Information from the two physical models was used to modify existing algorithms and to develop new algorithms for the mathematical model. The mathematical model allows simulation of the hydrodynamic and heat exchange characteristics so that the thermal regimes within and downstream from the two lakes can be determined for various hydrologic and meteorologic conditions and various pumped-storage hydropower operations. (Author)

Physical and mathematical models were used to investigate the mechanics of density-stratified flow within Bay Springs Lake as affected by inflow from the local drainage areas and the divide-cut canal, and to predict the temperature and dissolved oxygen (D.O.) regimes of the lake immediately upstream of the dam and in releases through the lock. The hydrodynamic phenomena in the lake were greatly influenced by the extremely dynamic nature of the operation of the Bay Springs project and the relatively large quantity of flow from the divide-cut canal. Operation of the lock indicated that a circulation of water within the hypolimnion should occur during certain times of the year. The lake is primarily affected by inflow from the divide-cut canal. Numerical simulations predicted satisfactory temperature and D.O. profiles at the dam. The relatively high withdrawal of the lock intakes, coupled with the large inflow from the divide-cut canal, indicates the proposed project will satisfy water-quality interests.

Analytical work has focused on withdrawal from two-layer or linearly stratified reservoirs. In particular, sidewall and bottom point-sink withdrawal are two geometries that have been extensively investigated. The descriptions developed by most investigators were expressions that reduced to the densimetric Froude number. It is troublesome, however, that the critical Froude numbers in these mathematical descriptions at similar flow conditions vary so greatly. In an effort to reduce the variance in these expressions, the authors use the concepts of 'withdrawal angle' and symmetry to incorporate the effects of lateral geometry or topography into the critical Froude number description. The authors' development of this relationship greatly simplifies the array of coefficients that is reported in the literature for various outlet configurations and patterns of density stratification. The relationship was developed through analytical evaluation of existing expressions and subsequent laboratory experimental verification. Observed prototype conditions, comparing favorably with predictions made with this technique, further verified its credibility. The authors explicitly included in the development of this more generalized description of withdrawal the effects of arbitrary boundary interference. For linear stratification, the developed relationship is descriptive of intermediate withdrawal and withdrawal with arbitrary interference and reduces to the analytical description of bottom or surface withdrawal. Results of experiments verified the applicability of this relationship for all three potential withdrawal conditions (i.e., intermediate, surface or bottom, and arbitrary interference).

The SELECT program is a one-dimensional numerical model that predicts the vertical extent and distribution of withdrawal from a reservoir of known density and quality distribution for a given discharge from a specified location. Using this prediction for the withdrawal zone, SELECT computes the quality of the release for user-specified parameters (such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, iron) treated as conservative substances. This report was developed to aid users of the program SELECT. It provides guidance on how to construct an input file and how to interpret the output file. It also overviews the concepts behind the program and the internal methodology of its execution. Examples of input and output are also provided.

This report summarizes various in-lake, in-structure, and downstream techniques to enhance the dissolved oxygen concentration of hydropower releases. In-lake and in-structure techniques appear to be the most applicable for Corps of Engineers projects because of the large discharges of most hydropower projects. Of these, the in-structure techniques, particularly turbine venting, appear very attractive considering cost and degree of improvement. Tests were conducted at the Clarks Hill Dam powerhouse to evaluate various aspects of turbine venting and thereby provide a data base to develop predictive and design capabilities for turbine venting systems. Test results indicated that, at most, the oxygen deficit in the penstock could be reduced by about 30%, i.e., if the penstock oxygen deficit is 8.0 mg/(l), then, at most, about 2.4 mg/l of oxygen could be absorbed into the release flow. Two reaeration processes that contributed to the overall oxygen transfer were observed: (a) due to the turbulence in the tailrace area and (b) due to the air bubbles (vented through the turbine) as they traveled through the draft tube. A numerical computer model was developed that included the impact of the changes in thermodynamic (pressure) state as the bubbles passed through the draft tube. By developing the 'pressure time history', the increased potential for oxygen transfer due to the increase in hydrostatic pressure was included in model formulation. Good agreement was obtained in comparing model predictions and oxygen uptake data from previous tests at Clarks Hill.

A 1:70-scale physical model of a typical spillway section of the locks and dams on the Upper Mississippi River was used to determine the probable cause of the scour that has occurred at these projects. It was determined that single-gate opertion on the spillways created hydraulic conditions conducive to scour. A 1:42-scale model was used to develop suitable riprap protection. Two gradations of fill material were found suitable and two gradations of riprap were adequate for protection downstream of the tainter gates and roller gates at these structures. The geometric layout of the riprap depended upon the slope of the scour hole to be repaired. Lock and Dam 2 was studied separately because of its unique stilling basin configuration and operation schedule. Riprap protection similar to the other projects was devised for Lock and Dam 2.

ENHANCEMENT OF RELEASES FROM A STRATIFIED IMPOUNDMENT BY LOCALIZED MIXING, OKATIBBEE LAKE, MISSISSIPPI by Mark S. Dortch, Steven C. Wilhelms Hydraulics Laboratory U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station P. O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 January 1976 Final Report Approved For Public Release; Distribution Unlimited Prepared for Office, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army TA Washington, D. C. 20314 7 .W34m H-78-1 1978 • A - >=f l i b r a r y : JUN 13 1978 Bureau of Reclamation D»nvpr Olnrnrin Des t roy this report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. V <\V d /' BUREAU OF RECLAMATION DENVER LIBRARY 920 67234 Unclassified S ECU RITY C LA S S IF IC A T IO N OF THIS P AGE (When Data E n tered ) "7 n REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1. REPORT NUMBER "Mi s c ellaneous/Paper H-T8-1^ 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. R E C IP IE N T ’ S C A TA LO G NUMBER 4. T IT L E (a n d S u b title ) ( ENHANCEMENT OF RELEASES FROM A STRATIFIED IMPOUND­MENT BY LOCALIZED MIXING, OKATIBBEE LAKE, 5. T Y P E OF RE PO RT & PERIOD COVERED Final report MISSISSIPPI V PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. A U T H O R !» 8. CO NTRAC T OR GRANT NUMBER(s) Mark S. Dortch Steven C. Wilhelms h 9. P E R F U M IN G O RG AN IZA T IO N NAME AND ADDRESS U. S/^Tlrmy Engineer Waterways Experiment Station^ Hydraulics Laboratory P. 0. Box 631, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT . PR O JECT , TASK AREA & WORK U N IT NUMBERS - 4 ______________ ___________________________________ 11. CO N TR O L L IN G O F F IC E NAME AND ADDRESS jfc . REPORT D A TE January 1978 Office, Chief of Engineers, U. b. Army Washington, D. C. 2031^ 13. NUMBER OF PAGES 15 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & AD D R E S S fif d iffe r e n t from Controlling O ffic e ) 15. SECU RITY CLASS, (o f th is report) Unclassified 15a. DECL ASSI FI CA TION/DOWNG RADING SC HEDULE 16. D IS TRIBUT IO N S T A TEM EN T (o f th i s Rep o rt) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited• 17. DIS TR

c / M 0 0 Dl vnrv É L ¡ I as8 fi TECHNICAL REPORT E-80-5 TRACER MEASUREMENT OF REAERATION: APPLICATION TO HYDRAULIC MODELS Hydraulic Model Investigation By Steven C. Wilhelms Hydraulics Laboratory U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station P. O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 December 1980 Final Report Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited Under Monitored by fice, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army ishington, D. C. 20314 CWIS 31042 (EWQOS Work Unit 31604 (IIIA.2)) Environmental Laboratory U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station P. O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 LIBRARY MAY 0 6 1981 & Power Resources Service Denver, Cstawto Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. The findings in this report are not to be construed as an officia Department of the Army position u n le s s so designated, by other authorized documents. The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an offic ial endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. i ..b BUREAU OF RECLAMATION DEI Unclassified u ED57fci40 X SECU RITY CLASSIF ICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFROERAED C IONMSTPRLUECTITNIOGN FSO RM RE PORT NUMBER 3. R E C IP IEN T 'S CATALOG NUMBER Technical Report E-80-5 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 4. T IT L E (and Subtitle) - h TRACER MEASUREMENT OF REAERATION: APPLICATION TO HYDRAULIC MODELS; Hydraulic Model Investigation 5. TY PE OF RE PO RT & PERIOD COVERED Final report 6. PERFORMING ORG. RE PO RT NUMBER 7. A U TH O R *» Steven C. Wilhelms 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT N UM B ER *» 9. PERFORMING O RGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Hydraulics Laboratory P. 0. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT , PROJECT , TASK AREA & WORK U N IT NUMBERS CWIS No. 31042 (EWQOS Work Unit No. (m A .m .. 31604 11. CO N TRO L L ING O F F IC E NAME AND ADDR

c - / TECHNICAL REPORT E-81-10 GAS TRANSFER IN HYDRAULIC JUMPS By Steven C. Wilhelms, Lancelot Clark, James R. Wallace School of Civil Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Ga. 30332 and Dennis R. Smith Hydraulics Laboratory U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station P. O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 July 1981 Final Report Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited ffice, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army ashington, D. C. 20314 P! ;V ntract No. DACW39-77-C-0079 WQOS Work Unit III A.2) Monitored by Hydraulics Laboratory U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station P. O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 L I B R A R Y ' ' OCT 16 1981 Bureau of Reclamation Denver, Colorado Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. The find ings in this report are not to be construed a s an officia Department of the Army position u n le s s so designated, by other authorized documents. The contents of th is report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an o fficial endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. BUREAU OF RECLAMATION DENVERJJBH ^ unclassified »TBOStUB» S ECU RITY CLASS IF IC AT ION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1. RE PO RT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. Technical Report E-Sl-^IO 3. R E C IP IE N T 'S CATALOG NUMBER 4. T IT L E (and Subtitle) GAS TRANSFER IN HYDRAULIC JUMPS 5. T Y P E OF RE PO RT & PERIOD COVERED Final report 6. PERFORMING ORG. RE PO RT NUMBER 7. AUTHORf«; Steven G. Wilhelms, Lancelot Clark, James R.. Wallace, and Dennis R. Smith 8. CO NTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERfs) Contract No. DACW-39-77-C-0079 9. PERFORMING O RG ANIZA TIO N NAME AND^ADDRESS School of Civil Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga. 30332 and U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Hydraulics Laboratory, P. 0. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 3

ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER QUALITY OPERATIONAL STUDIES TECHNICAL REPORT E-85-14 PHYSICAL MODELING OF RESERVOIR HYDRODYNAMICS by Mark S. Dortch, Steven C. Wilhelms, Jeffery P. Holland Hydraulics Laboratory DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Waterways Experiment Station, Corps of Engineers PO Box 631, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-0631 December 1985 Final Report Approved For Public Release; Distribution Unlimited Prepared for DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY US Army Corps of Engineers Washington, DC 20314-1000 Under CWIS 31593 (EWQOS Work Unit IA.3) Monitored by Environmental Laboratory US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station PO Box 631, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-0631 library m - sw Bureau of Reclamation Denver, Colorado Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When D a te E n te re d ) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE R E A D INSTRUCTIONS B E F O R E C O M P L E T I N G F O R M 1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. Technical Report E-85-14 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER 4. T IT L E (a n d S u b t it le ) PHYSICAL MODELING OF RESERVOIR HYDRODYNAMICS TYPE OF REPORT ft PERIOD COVERED Final report 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHORf®; Mark S. Dortch Steven C . Wilhelms Jeffery P. Holland 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERfs) 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Hydraulics Laboratory PO Box 631, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-0631 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA ft WORK UNIT NUMBERS CWIS No. 31593 (EWQ0S Work Unit IA.3) I t . CONTROLLING OF F ICE NAME AND ADDRESS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY US Army Co

US Army Corps of Engineers ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER QUALITY OPERATIONAL STUDIES TECHNICAL REPORT E-84-6 MEASUREMENTS OF DISSOLVED GASES AT CORPS OF ENGINEERS PROJECTS by Steven C. Wilhelms Hydraulics Laboratory U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station P. O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 June 1984 Final Report Approved For Public Release; Distribution Unlimited prepared for Office, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army Washington, D. C. 20314 Under CWIS 31042 (EWQOS Work Unit 31604 (IIIA.1)) Monitored by Environmental Laboratory U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station P. O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 U 8 R A R Y OCT 9 TS84 Bureau oi Reclamation Denver, Colorado Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. The findings in this report are not to be construed as an o ffic ia l Department of the A rm y p o s itio n u n le s s so designated by other authorized documents. The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement orapproval of the u se o f such commercial products. ,v A Unclassified ù'\ BUREAU OF RECLAMATION DENVER LIBRARY ilpâÉ TCTIDITD SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) REPO RT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER l Technical Report J>-84-6 4. TITLE fand Subtitle) MEASUREMENTS OF DISSOLVED GASES AT CORPS OF ENGINEERS PROJECTS (' 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Final report 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHORfa) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERfa) Steven C. Wilhelms 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS ^ U. S; Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station^ Hydraulics Laboratory P. 0. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS CWIS No. 31042 (EWQ0S Work Unit 31604, IIIA.l) 11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS Office, Chief of

REAERATION TESTS, OUTLET WORKS BELTZVILLE DAM, POHOPOCO CREEK PENNSYLVANIA by E. Dale Hart, Steven C. Wilhelms Hydraulics Laboratory U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station P. O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 July 1977 Final Report Approved For Public Release; Distribution Unlimited Prepared for Office, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army Washington, D. C. 20314 and U. S. Army Engineer District, Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pa. 19106 i Ll,BRARY FEB o 7 1~8 5 • · Bureau ot Reclamation Denver, Color91f" Destroy this report when no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. £ û \ A A V j3 <\A <\ ° / .CN ‘ * Uno.lassi fied