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Since its emergence in Europe during October 2020, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus has frequently spilled over into diverse mammal hosts globally. In North America, natural [...]

Erysipelothrix bacteria cause infections in humans and other species after contact with infected animals or environmental sources (1). Illness ranges from mild to systemic, which can include septicemia and endocarditis. [...]

Scrub typhus is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by 3 intracellular species of bacteria in the genus Orientia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae). The disease is widespread in the Asia-Pacific Region and is [...]

Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV; family Paramyxoviridae, genus Morbillivirus) is an important cause of illness and death in cetaceans (1). The genus Morbillivirus comprises 2 lineages: CeMV-1, which includes dolphin morbillivirus (DMV), [...]

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium orygis has been reported in humans, cattle, and, rarely, wild animals in India (2-3). We report 3 cases of M. orygis-associated TB in wild animals [...]

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are one of the most consequential pathogens of birds and terrestrial mammals. IAVs (family Orthomyxoviridae) are enveloped, segmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses, subtyped based on the [...]

First described in 1938, edema disease (ED) causes edema in various tissues of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus), characterized by neurologic disorders (ataxia, convulsions, incoordination, and lateral decubitus with [...]

On December 23, 2020, a single poultry farm composed of 4 barns of laying hens having a total of 102,000 birds in Pout, Thies Region, Senegal, reported increased deaths (mortality [...]

Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species are tickborne bacteria that infect animals and humans worldwide. To date, 6 Ehrlichia species have been described (E. canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, E. muris, E. [...]

Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife have been recognized as a major threat to global biodiversity. Endemic species on isolated oceanic islands, such as the Galapagos, are particularly at risk in the face of introduced pathogens and disease vectors. The black salt-marsh mosquito (Aedes taeniorhynchus) is the only mosquito widely distributed across the Galapagos Archipelago. Here we show that this mosquito naturally colonized the Galapagos before the arrival of man, and since then it has evolved to represent a distinct evolutionary unit and has adapted to habitats unusual for its coastal progenitor. We also present evidence that A. taeniorhynchus feeds on reptiles in Galapagos in addition to previously reported mammal and bird hosts, highlighting the important role this mosquito might play as a bridge-vector in the transmission and spread of extant and newly introduced diseases in the Galapagos Islands. These findings are particularly pertinent for West Nile virus, which can cause significant morbidity and mortality in mammals (including humans), birds, and reptiles, and which recently has spread from an introductory focus in New York to much of the North and South American mainland and could soon reach the Galapagos Islands. Unlike Hawaii, there are likely to be no highland refugia free from invading mosquito-borne diseases in Galapagos, suggesting bleak outcomes to possible future pathogen introduction events. Aedes | disease vector | phylogenetics | West Nile virus