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19. Oncoprotein immunoreactivity in human endocrine tumours

Author

Roncalli, M., Springall, D.R., Varndell, I.M., Gaitonde, V.V., Hamid, Q., Ibrahim, N.B.N., Grimelius, L., Wilander, E., Polak, J.M., and Coggi, G.

Subjects
Tumors -- Identification and classification, Oncogenes -- Evaluation, Endocrine gland tumors -- Genetic aspects, Health
Abstract

Oncogenes are genes that make proteins (oncoproteins) that have the potential for causing cancer. An oncogene may come from a normal gene that has been damaged by X-rays, ultraviolet light, certain toxic chemicals, or other source of genetic mutation. Many different types of human tumors have been found to contain oncogenes and their associated oncoproteins. In some cases, prognosis has been related to the presence of oncoproteins in certain types of tumors. The oncogene called c-erbB-2 has been identified in some breast tumors, as well as other tumors, but has not been identified previously in endocrine tumors (tumors in the adrenal gland, pancreas, thyroid gland and lung). To determine if oncogenes are present in endocrine tumors, a special staining procedure using antibodies (immunoreactivity) was undertaken to screen tumors for several different types of oncoproteins (c-erbB-2, c-myc, L-myc, and N-myc). Seventy-one lung tumors (44 small cell carcinomas, 15 atypical and 12 bronchial) 28 thyroid tumors (medullary thyroid carcinoma), 27 adrenal gland tumors (pheochromocytomas), and 17 pancreas tumors (insulinomas) were tested. Oncoproteins from the c-erbB-2 oncogene were found in 15 percent of the lung tumors and in 22 percent of the adrenal tumors. Oncoproteins from the c-myc oncogene were found only in the lung tumors (32 percent), N-myc in thyroid tumors (21 percent), and L-myc in adrenal tumors (15 percent). It is concluded that different types of oncoproteins may be associated with different types of tumors, and that this may be useful for identifying different subtypes of endocrine tumors. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

21. Pernicious Anaemia in Association with Argyrophil (Sevier-Munger) Gastric Carcinoid

Author

Christer Sundström, Grimelius L, and Wilander E

Subjects
Male, Cell type, medicine.medical_specialty, Silver, Staining and Labeling, business.industry, Stomach, Carcinoid Tumor, Hematology, Middle Aged, Gastroenterology, digestive system diseases, Staining, Pernicious anaemia, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gastric carcinoid, Stomach Neoplasms, Internal medicine, Anemia, Pernicious, Enterochromaffin Cells, medicine, Humans, Female, business, Aged
Abstract

3 cases of pernicious anaemia in association with gastric carcinoid (in 1 case multiple) are described. All tumours were rich in argyrophil cells with the Sevier-Munger and Grimelius staining techniques, indicating that they might be of the enterochro-maffin-like cell type. The possible causal relationship between pernicious anaemia and this type of argyrophil carcinoid is discussed.

Published
2009

39. Human papillomavirus, p16(INK4A), and Ki-67 in relation to clinicopathological variables and survival in primary carcinoma of the vagina

Author

Hellman, K, Lindquist, David, Ranhem, C, Wilander, E, Andersson, S, Hellman, K, Lindquist, David, Ranhem, C, Wilander, E, and Andersson, S

Abstract

Background:This study aimed to determine human papillomavirus (HPV) status and to investigate p16(INK4A) and Ki-67 expression and their correlation with clinical parameters and survival in women with primary carcinoma of the vagina (PCV).Methods:The presence of HPV DNA was evaluated by PCR. Genotyping was performed by Luminex in 68 short-term (2 years) and long-term (8 years) PCV survivors. p16(INK4A) and Ki-67 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Results:Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 43% of patients, the majority (63%) of whom were HPV16 positive. High p16(INK4A) expression was significantly correlated with low histopathological grade (P=0.004), HPV positivity (P=0.032), and long-term survival (P=0.045). High Ki-67 expression was negatively correlated with histopathological grade (P<0.001) and tumour size (P=0.047). There was an association between HPV positivity and low histopathological grade, but not between HPV positivity and survival.Conclusion:High p16(INK4A) expression was associated with long-term survival, but the only independent predictors for survival were tumour size and histopathological grade. Our results indicate that p16(INK4A) and Ki-67 expression might be useful in tumour grading, and that it might be possible to use p16(INK4A) expression as a marker for HPV positivity, but this has to be further elucidated.

Published
2014
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40. Silver stains for identification of neuroendocrine cells. A study of the chemical background

Author

Kjell Öberg, M. Lundqvist, H. Arnberg, Candell J, M. Malmgren, Lars Grimelius, and Wilander E

Subjects
Male, Silver, Immunoblotting, Silver stain, Argentaffin, Enterochromaffin Cells, medicine, Animals, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Tyrosine, Staining and Labeling, biology, Chemistry, Pancreatic islets, Tryptophan, Chromogranin A, Rats, Inbred Strains, Cell Biology, Immunohistochemistry, Neurosecretory Systems, Rats, Staining, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, biology.protein, Female, Anatomy
Abstract

The chemical background of silver stains used for visualization and characterization of peripheral neuroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, and of their corresponding tumours, was studied in tissue sections and by a dot-blot technique. Sequential staining of pancreatic islets with an immunohistochemical procedure and silver staining of the same tissue section revealed that chromogranin A immunostained cells also displayed an argyrophil reaction with the Grimelius method, but no argentaffin reaction with the Masson technique. Accordingly, purified chromogranin A (15 micrograms or less) treated in formalin and applied to nitrocellulose did not show any argentaffin reaction but displayed a dose-related argyrophil reaction. Equal quantities of other polypeptide components did not give rise to any silver reaction. Further dot-blot studies showed that the tryptophan and tyrosine metabolites, dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxinodole caused strongly argentaffin and argyrophil reactions while epinephrine, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid and 5-hydroxytryptophan gave only the former reaction. Among other chemical components studied, only guanine displayed weak silver staining. The results indicate that the reaction products between aldehydes and the granular content of biogenic amines synthesized from tryptophan and tyrosine display an argentaffin reaction and that the granular chromogranin A caused an argyrophil but no argentaffin reaction.

Published
1990

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