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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by a disrupted epidermal barrier, immune dysregulation, and genetic predisposition. Affecting individuals across all age groups, AD presents with recurrent flare-ups and varying clinical patterns depending on age. The pathophysiology involves key elements such as loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin (FLG) gene, overproduction of cytokines like IL-4 and IL-13, and skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. Management strategies include patient education, topical therapies (e.g., corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, crisaborole, and tapinarof), systemic treatments like dupilumab and methotrexate, and phototherapy for refractory cases. Preventive measures, including breastfeeding and probiotic supplementation, offer limited benefits, emphasizing the need for individualized approaches. Innovative therapies and further research into AD pathogenesis hold promise for more effective disease control and improved quality of life for patients.

Deep vein thrombosis impacts between 2.5% and 5% of a population. It mostly affects lower-extremity veins and presents itself as pain, swelling, tenderness, and erythema of an affected region. Thrombus forms when at least one factor from the Virchow's triad is present - vascular damage, venous stasis or hypercoagulability. A range of clinical manifestations is very wide, from asymptomatic to life-threatening course of the disease. Post-thrombotic syndrome is a frequent complication that results in venous hypertension, which leads to tissue edema, subcutaneous fibrosis, and subsequent ulceration. In the diagnostic process, predominantly D-dimer assay and ultrasonographic compression test are performed. Noninvasive treatment relies on anticoagulation therapy which is based on direct oral anticoagulants, parenteral anticoagulants, and vitamin K antagonists. In specific cases, there is an option of invasive treatment, which involves inserting a catheter into a vein with a thrombus. Afterward, a thrombus can be mechanically fragmented and aspired or dissolved with the use of a thrombolytic agent.