12 results on '"Wijedasa LS"'
Search Results
2. Tree species that ‘live slow, die older’ enhance tropical peat swamp restoration: Evidence from a systematic review
- Author
-
Stuart W. Smith, Nur Estya Binte Rahman, Mark E. Harrison, Satomi Shiodera, Wim Giesen, Maija Lampela, David A. Wardle, Kwek Yan Chong, Agusti Randi, Lahiru S. Wijedasa, Pei Yun Teo, Yuti A. Fatimah, Nam Thian Teng, Joanne K. Q. Yeo, Md Jahangir Alam, Pau Brugues Sintes, Taryono Darusman, Laura L. B. Graham, Daniel Refly Katoppo, Katsumi Kojima, Kitso Kusin, Dwi Puji Lestari, Faizah Metali, Helen C. Morrogh‐Bernard, Marlide B. Nahor, Richard R. P. Napitupulu, Darmae Nasir, Tapan Kumar Nath, Reuben Nilus, Mariko Norisada, Dony Rachmanadi, Henti H. Rachmat, Bernat Ripoll Capilla, Salahuddin, Purwanto B. Santosa, Rahayu S. Sukri, Benjamin Tay, Wardah Tuah, Béatrice M. M. Wedeux, Takashi Yamanoshita, Elisa Yukie Yokoyama, Tri Wira Yuwati, Janice S. H. Lee, Smith, SW [0000-0001-9396-6610], Rahman, NEB [0000-0002-6274-1205], Harrison, ME [0000-0002-0729-8407], Shiodera, S [0000-0002-6849-8568], Giesen, W [0000-0003-2579-6706], Lampela, M [0000-0002-6635-1394], Wardle, DA [0000-0002-0476-7335], Chong, KY [0000-0003-4754-8957], Randi, A [0000-0002-4262-2604], Wijedasa, LS [0000-0001-5030-6962], Fatimah, YA [0000-0002-6807-8184], Teng, NT [0000-0003-3958-1108], Metali, F [0000-0002-2508-1535], Nath, TK [0000-0001-6436-1778], Rachmanadi, D [0000-0002-9456-5357], Rachmat, HH [0000-0003-4586-6820], Santosa, PB [0000-0002-9347-9991], Sukri, RS [0000-0002-2662-399X], Wedeux, BMM [0000-0003-1890-6778], Yuwati, TW [0000-0002-8477-0795], Lee, JSH [0000-0001-6368-6212], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Asian School of the Environment, Singapore-ETH Centre, Department of Forest Sciences, and University of Helsinki
- Subjects
NATURAL REGENERATION ,REFORESTATION ,Ecology ,weeding ,WOOD DENSITY ,native species ,fires ,CENTRAL KALIMANTAN ,Geography [Social sciences] ,mounding ,Fires ,FOREST RESTORATION ,oceanic Nino index ,FUNCTIONAL TRAITS ,PEATLANDS ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,GROWTH ,Drainage ,tropical peatland ,METAANALYSES ,revegetation ,drainage ,palms ,kerapah - Abstract
Funder: Arcus Foundation; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100016681, Funder: Darwin Initiative, Funder: European Association of Zoos and Aquaria; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009167, Funder: European Outdoor Conservation Association; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013711, Funder: Fundacion Bioparc, Funder: Ocean Parks Conservation Foundation Hong Kong, Funder: Orangutan Land Trust, Funder: Save the Orangutan, Funder: Taronga Zoo, Funder: The Orangutan Project, Funder: Ministry of Environment & Forestry, Funder: PT Rimba Makmur Utama, Degraded tropical peatlands lack tree cover and are often subject to seasonal flooding and repeated burning. These harsh environments for tree seedlings to survive and grow are therefore challenging to revegetate. Knowledge on species performance from previous plantings represents an important evidence base to help guide future tropical peat swamp forest (TPSF) restoration efforts. We conducted a systematic review of the survival and growth of tree species planted in degraded peatlands across Southeast Asia to examine (1) species differences, (2) the impact of seedling and site treatments on survival and growth and (3) the potential use of plant functional traits to predict seedling survival and growth rates. Planted seedling monitoring data were compiled through a systematic review of journal articles, conference proceedings, reports, theses and unpublished datasets. In total, 94 study‐sites were included, spanning three decades from 1988 to 2019, and including 141 indigenous peatland tree and palm species. Accounting for variable planting numbers and monitoring durations, we analysed three measures of survival and growth: (1) final survival weighted by the number of seedlings planted, (2) half‐life, that is, duration until 50% mortality and (3) relative growth rates (RGR) corrected for initial planting height of seedlings. Average final survival was 62% and half‐life was 33 months across all species, sites and treatments. Species differed significantly in survival and half‐life. Seedling and site treatments had small effects with the strongest being higher survival of mycorrhizal fungi inoculated seedlings; lower survival, half‐life and RGR when shading seedlings; and lower RGR and higher survival when fertilising seedlings. Leaf nutrient and wood density traits predicted TPSF species survival, but not half‐life and RGR. RGR and half‐life were negatively correlated, meaning that slower growing species survived for longer. Synthesis and applications. To advance tropical peat swamp reforestation requires expanding the number and replication of species planted and testing treatments by adopting control vs. treatment experimental designs. Species selection should involve slower growing species (e.g. Lophopetalum rigidum, Alstonia spatulata, Madhuca motleyana) that survive for longer and explore screening species based on functional traits associated with nutrient acquisition, flooding tolerance and recovery from fire.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Evolution and biogeography of Memecylon.
- Author
-
Amarasinghe P, Joshi S, Page N, Wijedasa LS, Merello M, Kathriarachchi H, Stone RD, Judd W, Kodandaramaiah U, and Cellinese N
- Subjects
- Africa, Asia, Bayes Theorem, Evolution, Molecular, Madagascar, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Melastomataceae
- Abstract
Premise: The woody plant group Memecylon (Melastomataceae) is a large clade occupying diverse forest habitats in the Old World tropics and exhibiting high regional endemism. Its phylogenetic relationships have been previously studied using ribosomal DNA with extensive sampling from Africa and Madagascar. However, divergence times, biogeography, and character evolution of Memecylon remain uninvestigated. We present a phylogenomic analysis of Memecylon to provide a broad evolutionary perspective of this clade., Methods: One hundred supercontigs of 67 Memecylon taxa were harvested from target enrichment. The data were subjected to coalescent and concatenated phylogenetic analyses. A timeline was provided for Memecylon evolution using fossils and secondary calibration. The calibrated Memecylon phylogeny was used to elucidate its biogeography and ancestral character states., Results: Relationships recovered by the phylogenomic analyses are strongly supported in both maximum likelihood and coalescent-based species trees. Memecylon is inferred to have originated in Africa in the Eocene and subsequently dispersed predominantly eastward via long-distance dispersal (LDD), although a reverse dispersal from South Asia westward to the Seychelles was postulated. Morphological data exhibited high levels of homoplasy, but also showed that several vegetative and reproductive characters were phylogenetically informative., Conclusions: The current distribution of Memecylon appears to be the result of multiple ancestral LDD events. Our results demonstrate the importance of the combined effect of geographic and paleoclimatic factors in shaping the distribution of this group in the Old World tropics. Memecylon includes a number of evolutionarily derived morphological features that contribute to diversity within the clade., (© 2021 Botanical Society of America.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Paludiculture as a sustainable land use alternative for tropical peatlands: A review.
- Author
-
Tan ZD, Lupascu M, and Wijedasa LS
- Abstract
Peatlands cover approximately 4.2 million km
2 of terrestrial land surface and store up to 700 Pg of terrestrial carbon. Preserving the carbon stocks in peatland is therefore crucial for climate change mitigation. Under natural conditions, peatland carbon storage is maintained by moist peat conditions, which decreases decomposition and encourages peat formation. However, conversion of peatlands to drainage-based agriculture in the form of industrial plantations and smallholder farming has resulted in globally significant greenhouse gas emissions. Paludiculture, loosely conceptualized as biomass production on wet peatlands with the potential to maintain carbon storage, is proposed as a sustainable, non-drainage-based agriculture alternative for peatland use. However, while the concept of paludiculture was developed in temperate ecoregions, its application in the tropics is poorly understood. In this review, we examine common definitions of paludiculture used in literature to derive key themes and future directions. We found three common themes: ecosystem services benefits of paludiculture, hydrological conditions of peatlands, and vegetation selection for planting. Ambiguities surrounding these themes have led to questions on whether paludiculture applications are sustainable in the context of carbon sequestration in peat soil. This review aims to evaluate and advance current understanding of paludiculture in the context of tropical peatlands, which is especially pertinent given expanding agriculture development into Central Africa and South America, where large reserves of peatlands were recently discovered., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Tropical peatlands and their conservation are important in the context of COVID-19 and potential future (zoonotic) disease pandemics.
- Author
-
Harrison ME, Wijedasa LS, Cole LES, Cheyne SM, Choiruzzad SAB, Chua L, Dargie GC, Ewango CEN, Honorio Coronado EN, Ifo SA, Imron MA, Kopansky D, Lestarisa T, O'Reilly PJ, Van Offelen J, Refisch J, Roucoux K, Sugardjito J, Thornton SA, Upton C, and Page S
- Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused global disruption, with the emergence of this and other pandemics having been linked to habitat encroachment and/or wildlife exploitation. High impacts of COVID-19 are apparent in some countries with large tropical peatland areas, some of which are relatively poorly resourced to tackle disease pandemics. Despite this, no previous investigation has considered tropical peatlands in the context of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Here, we review: (i) the potential for future EIDs arising from tropical peatlands; (ii) potential threats to tropical peatland conservation and local communities from COVID-19; and (iii) potential steps to help mitigate these risks. We find that high biodiversity in tropical peat-swamp forests, including presence of many potential vertebrate and invertebrate vectors, combined, in places, with high levels of habitat disruption and wildlife harvesting represent suitable conditions for potential zoonotic EID (re-)emergence. Although impossible to predict precisely, we identify numerous potential threats to tropical peatland conservation and local communities from the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes impacts on public health, with the potential for haze pollution from peatland fires to increase COVID-19 susceptibility a noted concern; and on local economies, livelihoods and food security, where impacts will likely be greater in remote communities with limited/no medical facilities that depend heavily on external trade. Research, training, education, conservation and restoration activities are also being affected, particularly those involving physical groupings and international travel, some of which may result in increased habitat encroachment, wildlife harvesting or fire, and may therefore precipitate longer-term negative impacts, including those relating to disease pandemics. We conclude that sustainable management of tropical peatlands and their wildlife is important for mitigating impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and reducing the potential for future zoonotic EID emergence and severity, thus strengthening arguments for their conservation and restoration. To support this, we list seven specific recommendations relating to sustainable management of tropical peatlands in the context of COVID-19/disease pandemics, plus mitigating the current impacts of COVID-19 and reducing potential future zoonotic EID risk in these localities. Our discussion and many of the issues raised should also be relevant for non-tropical peatland areas and in relation to other (pandemic-related) sudden socio-economic shocks that may occur in future., Competing Interests: Mark E. Harrison and Susan M. Cheyne are Directors of, and Sara Thornton is a researcher, with Borneo Nature Foundation International; Susan Page is a Trustee. Susan M. Cheyne is also Vice Chair of the IUCN SSC PSG Section on Small Apes. Lahiru S. Wijedasa is employed by ConservationLinks Pvt. Ltd. Dianna Kopansky and Johannes Refisch are employed by, and Julie Van Offelen is an independent consultant for, the United Nations Environment Programme., (© 2020 Harrison et al.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Carbon emissions from South-East Asian peatlands will increase despite emission-reduction schemes.
- Author
-
Wijedasa LS, Sloan S, Page SE, Clements GR, Lupascu M, and Evans TA
- Subjects
- Agriculture, Asia, Southeastern, Forests, Air Pollutants, Carbon, Conservation of Natural Resources, Soil
- Abstract
Carbon emissions from drained peatlands converted to agriculture in South-East Asia (i.e., Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo) are globally significant and increasing. Here, we map the growth of South-East Asian peatland agriculture and estimate CO
2 emissions due to peat drainage in relation to official land-use plans with a focus on the reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+)-related Indonesian moratorium on granting new concession licences for industrial agriculture and logging. We find that, prior to 2010, 35% of South-East Asian peatlands had been converted to agriculture, principally by smallholder farmers (15% of original peat extent) and industrial oil palm plantations (14%). These conversions resulted in 1.46-6.43 GtCO2 of emissions between 1990 and 2010. This legacy of historical clearances on deep-peat areas will contribute 51% (4.43-11.45 GtCO2 ) of projected future peatland CO2 emissions over the period 2010-2130. In Indonesia, which hosts most of the region's peatland and where concession maps are publicly available, 70% of peatland conversion to agriculture occurred outside of known concessions for industrial plantation development, with smallholders accounting for 60% and industrial oil palm accounting for 34%. Of the remaining Indonesian peat swamp forest (PSF), 45% is not protected, and its conversion would amount to CO2 emissions equivalent to 0.7%-2.3% (5.14-14.93 Gt) of global fossil fuel and cement emissions released between 1990 and 2010. Of the peatland extent included in the moratorium, 48% was no longer forested, and of the PSF included, 40%-48% is likely to be affected by drainage impacts from agricultural areas and will emit CO2 over time. We suggest that recent legislation and policy in Indonesia could provide a means of meaningful emission reductions if focused on revised land-use planning, PSF conservation both inside and outside agricultural concessions, and the development of agricultural practices based on rehabilitating peatland hydrological function., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences.
- Author
-
Wijedasa LS, Jauhiainen J, Könönen M, Lampela M, Vasander H, Leblanc MC, Evers S, Smith TE, Yule CM, Varkkey H, Lupascu M, Parish F, Singleton I, Clements GR, Aziz SA, Harrison ME, Cheyne S, Anshari GZ, Meijaard E, Goldstein JE, Waldron S, Hergoualc'h K, Dommain R, Frolking S, Evans CD, Posa MR, Glaser PH, Suryadiputra N, Lubis R, Santika T, Padfield R, Kurnianto S, Hadisiswoyo P, Lim TW, Page SE, Gauci V, Van Der Meer PJ, Buckland H, Garnier F, Samuel MK, Choo LN, O'Reilly P, Warren M, Suksuwan S, Sumarga E, Jain A, Laurance WF, Couwenberg J, Joosten H, Vernimmen R, Hooijer A, Malins C, Cochrane MA, Perumal B, Siegert F, Peh KS, Comeau LP, Verchot L, Harvey CF, Cobb A, Jaafar Z, Wösten H, Manuri S, Müller M, Giesen W, Phelps J, Yong DL, Silvius M, Wedeux BM, Hoyt A, Osaki M, Hirano T, Takahashi H, Kohyama TS, Haraguchi A, Nugroho NP, Coomes DA, Quoi LP, Dohong A, Gunawan H, Gaveau DL, Langner A, Lim FK, Edwards DP, Giam X, Van Der Werf G, Carmenta R, Verwer CC, Gibson L, Gandois L, Graham LL, Regalino J, Wich SA, Rieley J, Kettridge N, Brown C, Pirard R, Moore S, Capilla BR, Ballhorn U, Ho HC, Hoscilo A, Lohberger S, Evans TA, Yulianti N, Blackham G, Onrizal, Husson S, Murdiyarso D, Pangala S, Cole LE, Tacconi L, Segah H, Tonoto P, Lee JS, Schmilewski G, Wulffraat S, Putra EI, Cattau ME, Clymo RS, Morrison R, Mujahid A, Miettinen J, Liew SC, Valpola S, Wilson D, D'Arcy L, Gerding M, Sundari S, Thornton SA, Kalisz B, Chapman SJ, Su AS, Basuki I, Itoh M, Traeholt C, Sloan S, Sayok AK, and Andersen R
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Time for responsible peatland agriculture.
- Author
-
Wijedasa LS, Page SE, Evans CD, and Osaki M
- Subjects
- Asia, Southeastern, Palm Oil, Agriculture, Plant Oils, Soil
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Peat soil bulk density important for estimation of peatland fire emissions.
- Author
-
Wijedasa LS
- Subjects
- Carbon Dioxide, Fires, Soil
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The need for long-term remedies for Indonesia's forest fires.
- Author
-
Chisholm RA, Wijedasa LS, and Swinfield T
- Subjects
- Conservation of Natural Resources economics, Conservation of Natural Resources legislation & jurisprudence, Fires economics, Indonesia, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Fires prevention & control, Forests
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Peat fires: consumers to help beat them out.
- Author
-
Wijedasa LS, Posa MR, and Clements GR
- Subjects
- Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Forestry methods, Paper, Singapore, Air Pollution legislation & jurisprudence, Air Pollution prevention & control, Conservation of Natural Resources legislation & jurisprudence, Consumer Behavior, Fires legislation & jurisprudence, Fires prevention & control, Soil
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Quantifying the role of online news in linking conservation research to Facebook and Twitter.
- Author
-
Papworth SK, Nghiem TP, Chimalakonda D, Posa MR, Wijedasa LS, Bickford D, and Carrasco LR
- Subjects
- Communication, Conservation of Natural Resources, Research, Social Media
- Abstract
Conservation science needs to engage the general public to ensure successful conservation interventions. Although online technologies such as Twitter and Facebook offer new opportunities to accelerate communication between conservation scientists and the online public, factors influencing the spread of conservation news in online media are not well understood. We explored transmission of conservation research through online news articles with generalized linear mixed-effects models and an information theoretic approach. In particular, we assessed differences in the frequency conservation research is featured on online news sites and the impact of online conservation news content and delivery on Facebook likes and shares and Twitter tweets. Five percent of articles in conservation journals are reported in online news, and the probability of reporting depended on the journal. There was weak evidence that articles on climate change and mammals were more likely to be featured. Online news articles about charismatic mammals with illustrations were more likely to be shared or liked on Facebook and Twitter, but the effect of news sites was much larger. These results suggest journals have the greatest impact on which conservation research is featured and that news site has the greatest impact on how popular an online article will be on Facebook and Twitter., (© 2015 Society for Conservation Biology.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.