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2. Baseline brain function in the preadolescents of the ABCD Study

Author

Chaarani, B, Hahn, S, Allgaier, N, Adise, S, Owens, MM, Juliano, AC, Yuan, DK, Loso, H, Ivanciu, A, Albaugh, MD, Dumas, J, Mackey, S, Laurent, J, Ivanova, M, Hagler, DJ, Cornejo, MD, Hatton, S, Agrawal, A, Aguinaldo, L, Ahonen, L, Aklin, W, Anokhin, AP, Arroyo, J, Avenevoli, S, Babcock, D, Bagot, K, Baker, FC, Banich, MT, Barch, DM, Bartsch, H, Baskin-Sommers, A, Bjork, JM, Blachman-Demner, D, Bloch, M, Bogdan, R, Bookheimer, SY, Breslin, F, Brown, S, Calabro, FJ, Calhoun, V, Casey, BJ, Chang, L, Clark, DB, Cloak, C, Constable, RT, Constable, K, Corley, R, Cottler, LB, Coxe, S, Dagher, RK, Dale, AM, Dapretto, M, Delcarmen-Wiggins, R, Dick, AS, Do, EK, Dosenbach, NUF, Dowling, GJ, Edwards, S, Ernst, TM, Fair, DA, Fan, CC, Feczko, E, Feldstein-Ewing, SW, Florsheim, P, Foxe, JJ, Freedman, EG, Friedman, NP, Friedman-Hill, S, Fuemmeler, BF, Galvan, A, Gee, DG, Giedd, J, Glantz, M, Glaser, P, Godino, J, Gonzalez, M, Gonzalez, R, Grant, S, Gray, KM, Haist, F, Harms, MP, Hawes, S, Heath, AC, Heeringa, S, Heitzeg, MM, Hermosillo, R, Herting, MM, Hettema, JM, Hewitt, JK, Heyser, C, Hoffman, E, Howlett, K, Huber, RS, Huestis, MA, Hyde, LW, Iacono, WG, Infante, MA, Irfanoglu, O, Isaiah, A, and Iyengar, S

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Cognitive and Computational Psychology, Psychology, Behavioral and Social Science, Pediatric, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Mind and Body, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Biomedical Imaging, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, 1.2 Psychological and socioeconomic processes, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Neurological, Mental health, Adolescent, Adolescent Development, Brain, Child, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Reference Values, ABCD Consortium, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Biological psychology
Abstract

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® is a 10-year longitudinal study of children recruited at ages 9 and 10. A battery of neuroimaging tasks are administered biennially to track neurodevelopment and identify individual differences in brain function. This study reports activation patterns from functional MRI (fMRI) tasks completed at baseline, which were designed to measure cognitive impulse control with a stop signal task (SST; N = 5,547), reward anticipation and receipt with a monetary incentive delay (MID) task (N = 6,657) and working memory and emotion reactivity with an emotional N-back (EN-back) task (N = 6,009). Further, we report the spatial reproducibility of activation patterns by assessing between-group vertex/voxelwise correlations of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation. Analyses reveal robust brain activations that are consistent with the published literature, vary across fMRI tasks/contrasts and slightly correlate with individual behavioral performance on the tasks. These results establish the preadolescent brain function baseline, guide interpretation of cross-sectional analyses and will enable the investigation of longitudinal changes during adolescent development.

Published
2021

4. The Influence of Private Primary Schooling on Children's Learning: Evidence from Three Generations of Children Living in the UK

Author

Parsons, Samantha, Green, Francis, Ploubidis, George B., Sullivan, Alice, and Wiggins, R. D.

Abstract

Much has been made of the academic success of children who have attended private secondary schools in Britain, but far less attention has been directed to whether there are similar benefits from attending a private primary school. Using data from three British birth cohorts--born in 1958, 1970 and 2000/1--this paper profiles the family background and personal characteristics of children at state-funded and private fee-paying schools and then investigates the effect of the type of primary school attended on academic progress made during the primary-school years. Applying "value-added" linear regression and propensity score-matching techniques, we find evidence of a positive association between private primary-school attendance and a child's cognitive progress in all three cohorts. This effect remains after accounting for a wide range of individual and family characteristics, despite the very different times and socio-economic circumstances experienced by the children and their families in the three studies. Findings are discussed and compared against contrasting international findings.

Published
2017
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5. Intergenerational Analysis of Literacy and Numeracy Outcomes for Children of NCDS Cohort Members.

Author

Economic and Social Research Council, Lancaster (England)., Wiggins, R. D., and Wale, C. J.

Abstract

This study examined whether parents who lack numeracy, literacy, or writing skills transmit their difficulty to their children. The study also sought to determine whether other family or child characteristics relate to children's basic skills; if child outcomes or predictors display between-family variation; and if child outcomes display any differing variability as a function of child or family characteristics. The study used a multivariate multilevel analysis to evaluate intergenerational transmission of literacy and numeracy for a sample of 2,647 children (ages 5 to 17 years) born to 2,150 33-year-old cohort members of the fifth sweep of the National Child and Development Study conducted in 1991. Child level data were obtained from interviewing the child's mother and through the Mathematical Assessment and Reading Recognition subtests from the Peabody Individual Achievement Test. Results revealed a steady decrease in variance of mathematics and reading up to 11 years of age followed by an increase in variance. Even with age standardized scores, the effect of age on the outcomes must be considered. Substantive conclusions reflected the power of a multilevel approach to reveal variation in parameter estimates beyond a conventional regression approach. Parental qualifications and social class were influential determinants of children's achievement. Parent's difficulty in writing had a direct effect on child outcomes. There were a number of interactions within and between families involving preschooling, learning difficulties, age, and gender. (Contains 26 references.) (KDFB)

Published
1996

6. The Evaluation of a Self-Enumerated Scale of Quality of Life (CASP-19) in the Context of Research on Ageing: A Combination of Exploratory and Confirmatory Approaches

Author

Wiggins, R. D., Netuveli, G., Hyde, M., Higgs, P., and Blane, D.

Abstract

This paper describes the conceptual development of a self-enumerated scale of quality of life (CASP-19) and presents an empirical evaluation of its structure using a combination of exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic approaches across three different survey settings for older people living in England and Wales in the new millennium. All evaluations are conducted using MPlus which allows the analyst to evaluate the properties of the scale for a set of multivariate categorical items which are subject to item non-response. CASP-19 is a subjective measure of well-being derived from an explicit theory of human need spanning four life domains: control, autonomy, self-realisation and pleasure. Put formally, CASP-19 is a self-reported summative index consisting of 19 Likert scale items. The three survey settings include a postal survey of 263 people in early old age followed up from childhood when the respondents were first interviewed in the 1930's, the first wave (2002) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA_1) and the eleventh wave of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS_11) also conducted in 2002. These nationally representative surveys consisted of 9300 and 6471 respondents aged 55 years and older. The Boyd-Orr sample provides an exploratory context for the evaluation and ELSA_1 together with BHPS_11 provide the opportunity for confirmatory analyses of three measurement models. There is some support for the use of CASP-19 as a stand alone summative index. However, the analysis reveals that a shortened 12-item scale which combines the life domains "control and autonomy" in a second order measurement model is the recommended model for analysts. The work was funded under the UK's Economic and Social Research Council's Growing Older Programme and their Priority Network on Human Capability and Resilience. Grant Nos. L480254016 & L326253061.

Published
2008
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7. Abstracts

Author

Beniac, D. R., Ridsdale, R. A., Luckevich, M. D., Tompkins, T. A., Harauz, G., Sedzik, J., Hjertén, S., Brekkan, E., Lundahl, P., Tropak, Michael B., Roder, John C., Giordano, F., Chang, B., La Ronde, A. M., Al-Sabbagh, A., Kretschmer, M., Asipu, A., Blair, G. E., Mak, B., Moscarello, M. A., Doucette, R., Gratto, K., Verge, V., Yeung, J., Nazarali, A., Murphy, P., Topilko, P., Schneider-Maunoury, S., Seitanidou, T., Evercooren, A. Baron-Van, Charnay, P., Lee, M. J., Brennan, A., Tabernero, A., Dong, Z., Blanchard, A., Zoidl, G., Jessen, K. R., Mirsky, R., Couve, E., Cabello, F., Krsulovic, J., Roncagliolo, M., Li, J., Hertzberg, E. L., Nagy, J. I., Neuberg, Dirk H.-H., Anzini, Patrizia, Nelles, Eric, Willecke, Klaus, Schachner, Melitta, Martini, Rudolf, Suter, Ueli, Ankerhold, R., Stuermer, C. A. O., Chandross, Karen J., Norton, W. T., Hudson, L. D., Cohen, R. I., Asakura, K., Hunter, S. F., Rodriguez, M., Bansal, Rashmi, Winkler, Susan, Pfeiffer, S. E., Oh., Y. S., Yong, V. W., Juurlink, B. H. J., Griebel, R. W., Devon, R. M., Khorchid, A., Almazan, G., Liu, H.-N., Konat, G. W., Jin, Gu, Wiggins, R. C., Thorburne, S. K., Bartnik, B. L., Marrif, H., Hertz, L., Jelinski, S. E., Yager, J. Y., Del Bigio, M. R., Kanfer, J. N., Weiner, H. L., Nelson, P. A., Dyer, J. K., Bourque, J., Steeves, J. D., Labes, Monika, Roach, Arthur, Andersen, Parker L., Schreyer, David J., Vanderluit, J. L., Peterson, A., Tetzlaff, W., Hanemann, C. O., Gabreëls-Festen, A., Mueller, H. W., Karchewski, L. A., Verge, V. M. K., Foldvari, M., Jaafari, M. R., Fedoroff, Sergey, editor, Burkholder, Gary D., editor, Juurlink, Bernhard H. J., editor, Devon, Richard M., editor, Doucette, J. Ronald, editor, Nazarali, Adil J., editor, Schreyer, David J., editor, and Verge, Valerie M. K., editor

Published
1997
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24. Two new Aspergillus flavus reference genomes reveal a large insertion potentially contributing to isolate stress tolerance and aflatoxin production

Author

Fountain, J.C., Clevenger, J.P., Nadon, B., Youngblood, R.C., Korani, W., Chang, P-K, Starr, D., Wang, H., Isett, B., Johnston, H.R., Wiggins, R., Agarwal, G., Chu, Y., Kemerait, R.C., Pandey, M.K., Bhatnagar, D., Ozias-Akins, P., Varshney, R.K., Scheffler, B.E., Vaughn, J.N., Guo, B., Fountain, J.C., Clevenger, J.P., Nadon, B., Youngblood, R.C., Korani, W., Chang, P-K, Starr, D., Wang, H., Isett, B., Johnston, H.R., Wiggins, R., Agarwal, G., Chu, Y., Kemerait, R.C., Pandey, M.K., Bhatnagar, D., Ozias-Akins, P., Varshney, R.K., Scheffler, B.E., Vaughn, J.N., and Guo, B.

Abstract

Efforts in genome sequencing in the Aspergillus genus have led to the development of quality reference genomes for several important species including A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, and A. oryzae. However, less progress has been made for A. flavus. As part of the effort of the USDA-ARS Annual Aflatoxin Workshop Fungal Genome Project, the isolate NRRL3357 was sequenced and resulted in a scaffold-level genome released in 2005. Our goal has been biologically driven, focusing on two areas: isolate variation in aflatoxin production and drought stress exacerbating aflatoxin production by A. flavus. Therefore, we developed two reference pseudomolecule genome assemblies derived from chromosome arms for two isolates: AF13, a MAT1-2, highly stress tolerant, and highly aflatoxigenic isolate; and NRRL3357, a MAT1-1, less stress tolerant, and moderate aflatoxin producer in comparison to AF13. Here, we report these two reference-grade assemblies for these isolates through a combination of PacBio long-read sequencing and optical mapping, and coupled them with comparative, functional, and phylogenetic analyses. This analysis resulted in the identification of 153 and 45 unique genes in AF13 and NRRL3357, respectively. We also confirmed the presence of a unique 310 Kb insertion in AF13 containing 60 genes. Analysis of this insertion revealed the presence of a bZIP transcription factor, named atfC, which may contribute to isolate pathogenicity and stress tolerance. Phylogenomic analyses comparing these and other available assemblies also suggest that the species complex of A. flavus is polyphyletic.

Published
2020

40. A Teacher Training Proposal in Gifted Education.

Author

Alabama A and M Univ., Normal. and Wiggins, R. Gene

Abstract

The paper describes a program developed at Alabama A and M University to train teachers to work with gifted children. The approach involves building on the experiences and backgrounds of teachers from other academic areas, and is designed to assist prospective teachers in developing competencies in both subject area specialties and gifted education. The program is divided into two parts: the master's degree program and the educational specialist degree program. Eighteen teaching competencies to be developed by the program are listed, along with admission requirements and course requirements. Three particular curriculum plans in the program are described, each designed to meet the needs of a particular group of teachers (those holding master's degree certificates in a subject area specialty, those holding master's degree certificates in gifted education, and those holding master's degree certificates in a nonsubject area specialty and who do not hold a degree certificate in gifted education). Program course descriptions in gifted education are appended. (DLS)

Published
1980

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