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565 results on '"Wiffen, Philip J"'

1. Pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in children: an overview of systematic reviews

Author

Eccleston, Christopher, Fisher, Emma, Cooper, Tess E., Grégoire, Marie-Claude, Heathcote, Lauren C., Krane, Elliot, Lord, Susan M., Sethna, Navil F., Anderson, Anna-Karenia, Anderson, Brian, Clinch, Jacqueline, Gray, Andrew L., Gold, Jeffrey I., Howard, Richard F., Ljungman, Gustaf, Moore, R. Andrew, Schechter, Neil, Wiffen, Philip J., Wilkinson, Nick M.R., Williams, David G., Wood, Chantal, van Tilburg, Miranda A.L., and Zernikow, Boris

Published
2019
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14. Encouraging good antimicrobial prescribing practice: A review of antibiotic prescribing policies used in the South East Region of England

Author

Mayon White Richard T and Wiffen Philip J

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Good prescribing practice has an important part to play in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. Whilst it was perceived that most hospitals and Health Authorities possessed an antibiotic policy, a review of antibiotic policies was conducted to gain an understanding of the extent, quality and usefulness of these policies. Methods Letters were sent to pharmacists in hospitals and health authorities in across the South East region of the National Health Service Executive (NHSE) requesting antibiotic policies. data were extracted from the policies to assess four areas; antibiotic specific, condition specific, patient specific issues and underpinning evidence. Results Of a possible 41 hospital trusts and 14 health authorities, 33 trusts and 9 health authorities (HAs) provided policies. Both trust and HA policies had a median publication date of 1998 (trust range 1993-99, HA 1994-99). Eleven policies were undated. The majority of policies had no supporting references for the statements made. All policies provided some details on specific antibiotics. Gentamicin and ciprofloxacin were the preferred aminoglycoside and quinolone respectively with cephalosporins being represented by cefuroxime or cefotaxime in trusts and cephradine or cephalexin in HAs. 26 trusts provided advice on surgical prophylaxis, 17 had meningococcal prophylaxis policies and 11 covered methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There was little information for certain groups such as neonates or children, the pregnant or the elderly. Conclusion There was considerable variation in content and quality across policies, a clear lack of an evidence base and a need to revise policies in line with current recommendations.

Published
2001
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19. Are the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines effective? Meta-analysis of the prospective trials

Author

Lipsky Benjamin A, Wiffen Philip J, and Moore R Andrew

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract The objective was to review the evidence of effectiveness of the polyvalent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine from prospective properly randomised controlled trials comparing pneumococcal vaccines with placebo in subjects who are immunocompetent and those likely to have an impaired immune system. Databases searched included the Cochrane Library, (issue 2, 2000), MEDLINE (1966-August 2000), PubMed (to August 2000) and EMBASE ( to August 2000). Reference lists of reports and reviews were also searched. To be included in the analysis, a study had to have been a prospective randomised comparison of a polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (any valency) and to have a placebo or no treatment comparison group. Papers had to report important clinical outcomes, such as rates of pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia, lower respiratory tract infections, pneumonia deaths or bacteraemia. Serological outcomes were not sought. Thirteen randomised comparisons with over 45,000 subjects were identified in an extensive literature review. Eight studies had a quality score of 3 or more on a scale of 1 to 5. In three comparisons with 21,152 immunocompetent subjects (South African gold miners, New Guinea highlanders) pneumococcal vaccination was effective in reducing the incidence of all-cause pneumonia (relative risk 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.66), pneumococcal pneumonia (0.16; 0.11 to 0.23), pneumonia deaths (0.70; 0.50 to 0.96) and bacteraemia (0.18; 0.09 to 0.34). In ten comparisons in over 24,000 people who were elderly or likely to have impaired immune systems, pneumococcal vaccination was without effect for any outcome. Present guidelines recommend pneumococcal vaccination for "high-risk" groups. There is no evidence from randomised trials that this is of any benefit.

Published
2000
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21. Opioids for cancer-related pain in children and adolescents

Author

Wiffen, Philip J, Cooper, Tess E, Anderson, Anna-Karenia, Gray, Andrew L, Grégoire, Marie-Claude, Ljungman, Gustaf, Zernikow, Boris, Wiffen, Philip J, Cooper, Tess E, Anderson, Anna-Karenia, Gray, Andrew L, Grégoire, Marie-Claude, Ljungman, Gustaf, and Zernikow, Boris

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pain is a common feature of childhood and adolescence around the world, and for many young people, that pain is chronic. The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for pharmacological treatments for children's persisting pain acknowledge that pain in children is a major public health concern of high significance in most parts of the world. Views on children's pain have changed over time and relief of pain is now seen as important. In the past, pain was largely dismissed and was frequently left untreated, and it was assumed that children quickly forgot about painful experiences.We designed a suite of seven reviews in chronic non-cancer pain and cancer pain (looking at antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and paracetamol) to review the evidence for children's pain using pharmacological interventions.As one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity for children and adolescents in the world today, childhood cancer (and its associated pain) is a major health concern. Cancer pain in infants, children, and adolescents is primarily nociceptive pain with negative long term effects. Cancer-related pain is generally caused directly by the tumour itself such as compressing on the nerve or inflammation of the organs. Cancer-related pain generally occurs as a result of perioperative procedures, nerve damage caused by radiation or chemotherapy treatments, or mucositis. However, this review focused on pain caused directly by the tumour itself such as nerve infiltration, external nerve compression, and other inflammatory events.Opioids are used worldwide for the treatment of pain. Currently available opioids include: buprenorphine, codeine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, and tramadol. Opioids are generally available in healthcare settings across most developed countries but access may be restricted in developing countries. To achieve adequate pain relief in children using opioids, with

Published
2017
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26. Oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for cancer pain

Author

Wiffen, Philip J, primary, Derry, Sheena, additional, Moore, R Andrew, additional, McNicol, Ewan D, additional, Bell, Rae Frances, additional, Carr, Daniel B, additional, McIntyre, Mairead, additional, and Wee, Bee, additional

Published
2017
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32. Morphine for chronic neuropathic pain in adults

Author

Cooper, Tess E, primary, Chen, Junqiao, additional, Wiffen, Philip J, additional, Derry, Sheena, additional, Carr, Daniel B, additional, Aldington, Dominic, additional, Cole, Peter, additional, and Moore, R Andrew, additional

Published
2017
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44. Fentanyl for neuropathic pain in adults

Author

Derry, Sheena, primary, Stannard, Cathy, additional, Cole, Peter, additional, Wiffen, Philip J, additional, Knaggs, Roger, additional, Aldington, Dominic, additional, and Moore, R Andrew, additional

Published
2016
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50. Hydromorphone for neuropathic pain in adults

Author

Stannard, Cathy, primary, Gaskell, Helen, additional, Derry, Sheena, additional, Aldington, Dominic, additional, Cole, Peter, additional, Cooper, Tess E, additional, Knaggs, Roger, additional, Wiffen, Philip J, additional, and Moore, R Andrew, additional

Published
2016
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