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1. Modeling specular transmission of complex fenestration systems with data-driven BSDFs

Author

Ward, GJ, Wang, T, Geisler-Moroder, D, Lee, ES, Grobe, LO, Wienold, J, and Jonsson, JC

Subjects
Bidirectional scattering distribution function, Daylighting, Complex fenestration systems, Windows, Building energy efficiency, Discomfort glare, Building & Construction, Environmental Science and Management, Architecture, Building
Abstract

A Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function (BSDF) describes how light from each incident direction is scattered (reflected and transmitted) by a simple or composite surface, such as a window shade. Compact, tabular BSDFs may be derived via interpolation, discretization and/or compression from goniophotometer measurements. These data-driven BSDFs can represent any measurable distribution to the limits of their tabulated resolution, making them more general than parametric or analytical BSDFs, which are restricted to a particular class of materials. However, tabulated BSDFs present a trade-off between higher sampling loads versus lower directional accuracy during simulation. Low-resolution BSDFs (e.g., Klems basis) may be adequate for calculating solar heat gains but fall short when applied to daylight glare predictions. The tensor-tree representation moderates this trade-off using a variable-resolution basis, providing detail where needed at an acceptable cost. Independently, a peak extraction algorithm isolates direct transmission from any tabular BSDF, enabling high-resolution beam radiation and glare analysis through transmitting systems with a “vision” component. Our data-driven BSDF methods were validated with a pilot study of a fabric shade installed in an outdoor, full-scale office testbed. Comparisons between measurement and simulation were made for vertical illuminance, specular and near-specular transmission, and daylight glare probability. Models based on high resolution BSDF measurements yielded superior results when accounting for anisotropy compared to isotropic models. Models with higher resolution produced more accurate source luminance data than low-resolution models. Further validation work is needed to better characterize generality of observed trends from this pilot study.

Published
2021

6. Comparison of questionnaire items for discomfort glare studies in daylit spaces.

Author

Quek, G, Jain, S, Karmann, C, Pierson, C, Wienold, J, and Andersen, M

Abstract

When studying discomfort glare, researchers tend to rely on a single questionnaire item to obtain user evaluations. It is unclear whether the choice of questionnaire item affects the distribution of user responses and leads to inconsistencies between studies. This study aims to investigate if different glare questionnaire items yield similar distributions of user discomfort in daylit environments. We conducted a comparative study of selected questionnaire items from previous glare experiments, testing them in three independent user studies with different lighting conditions and glare stimuli. We compared the resulting outputs across questionnaire items with 540 data points from 149 participants. Results indicated that ordinal questionnaire outputs show strong correlations (0.68 < ρ < 0.85), high internal reliability (α = 0.93) and captured the same latent construct. Binary questionnaire items reflected different glare thresholds but still correlated well with ordinal items. The construct validity of tested questionnaire items was confirmed through responses to an open-ended question. These findings suggest that the tested questionnaire items may be used for category rating-type discomfort glare evaluations and consistently capture the same construct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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9. Is there a difference in how people from different socio-environmental contexts perceive discomfort due to glare from daylight?

Author

UCL - SST/ILOC - Faculté d'Architecture, d'Ingénierie architecturale, d'Urbanisme, Pierson, C, Piderit, B, Iwata, T, Bodart, M, Wienold, J, UCL - SST/ILOC - Faculté d'Architecture, d'Ingénierie architecturale, d'Urbanisme, Pierson, C, Piderit, B, Iwata, T, Bodart, M, and Wienold, J

Abstract

xposure to daylight has much to offer and should be optimised to maximise its potential. In order to harvest its benefits, any visual discomfort from daylight should be anticipated and minimised. Hence, there is the need to predict discomfort from daylight glare. While more than 20 models for predicting discomfort from daylight glare have been developed, none accurately predict it. The inclusion of additional factors in the models may improve the predictions. One such factor is the socio-environmental context of the observer. This study compares the evaluations of discomfort glare from daylight for office buildings in four socio-environmental contexts: Chile, Belgium, Japan and Switzerland. The evaluations of discomfort glare, each consisting of subjective assessments and physical measurements of a view condition, were collected at the office desks of 401 participants, although only 211 responses were used in the analyses due to exclusion rules. The results do not suggest evidence of an influence of socio-environmental context on discomfort from daylight glare. In other words, the participants in this study perceived discomfort glare similarly, regardless of their socio-environmental context

Published
2021

14. Is there a difference in how people from different socio-environmental contexts perceive discomfort due to glare from daylight?

Author

Pierson, C, Piderit, B, Iwata, T, Bodart, M, and Wienold, J

Subjects
DISCOMFORT glare, DAYLIGHT, PHYSICAL measurements
Abstract

Exposure to daylight has much to offer and should be optimised to maximise its potential. In order to harvest its benefits, any visual discomfort from daylight should be anticipated and minimised. Hence, there is the need to predict discomfort from daylight glare. While more than 20 models for predicting discomfort from daylight glare have been developed, none accurately predict it. The inclusion of additional factors in the models may improve the predictions. One such factor is the socio-environmental context of the observer. This study compares the evaluations of discomfort glare from daylight for office buildings in four socio-environmental contexts: Chile, Belgium, Japan and Switzerland. The evaluations of discomfort glare, each consisting of subjective assessments and physical measurements of a view condition, were collected at the office desks of 401 participants, although only 211 responses were used in the analyses due to exclusion rules. The results do not suggest evidence of an influence of socio-environmental context on discomfort from daylight glare. In other words, the participants in this study perceived discomfort glare similarly, regardless of their socio-environmental context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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15. Cross-validation and robustness of daylight glare metrics

Author

Wienold, J., Iwata, T., Sarey Khanie, Mandana, Erell, E., Kaftan, E., Rodriguez, R. G., Yamin Garreton, J. A., Tzempelikos, T., Konstantzos, I., Christoffersen, J., Kuhn, T. E., Pierson, C., Andersen, M., Wienold, J., Iwata, T., Sarey Khanie, Mandana, Erell, E., Kaftan, E., Rodriguez, R. G., Yamin Garreton, J. A., Tzempelikos, T., Konstantzos, I., Christoffersen, J., Kuhn, T. E., Pierson, C., and Andersen, M.

Abstract

This study evaluates the performance and robustness of 22 established and newly proposed glare prediction metrics. Experimental datasets of daylight-dominated workplaces in office-like test rooms were collected from studies by seven research groups in six different locations (Argentina, Denmark, Germany, Israel, Japan and the United States). The variability in experimental setups, locations and research teams allowed reliable evaluation of the performance and robustness of glare metrics for daylight-dominated workplaces. Independent statistical methods were applied to individual datasets and also to one combined dataset to evaluate the performance and robustness of the 22 glare metrics. As performance and robustness are not established in literature, we defined performance as: (1) the ability of the metric value to describe the glare scale (evaluated by Spearman rank correlation), and (2) the ability of the metric to distinguish between disturbing and non-disturbing situations (evaluated by diagnostic receiver operating characteristic curve analysis tests). Furthermore, we defined robustness as the ability of a metric to deliver meaningful results when applied to different datasets and to fail as few as possible statistical tests. Average Spearman rank correlation coefficients in the range of 0.55–0.60 as well as average prediction rates to distinguish between disturbing and non-disturbing glare of 70–75% for several of the metrics indicate their reliability. The results also show that metrics considering the saturation effect as a main input in their equation perform better and are more robust in daylight-dominated workplaces than purely contrast-based metrics or purely empirical metrics. In this study, the daylight glare probability (DGP) delivered the highest performance amongst the tested metrics and was also found to be the most robust. Future research should aim to optimise the terms of glare equations which combine contrast and saturation effects, such as DGP

Published
2019

19. Cross-validation and robustness of daylight glare metrics

Author

Wienold, J, primary, Iwata, T, additional, Sarey Khanie, M, additional, Erell, E, additional, Kaftan, E, additional, Rodriguez, RG, additional, Yamin Garreton, JA, additional, Tzempelikos, T, additional, Konstantzos, I, additional, Christoffersen, J, additional, Kuhn, TE, additional, Pierson, C, additional, and Andersen, M, additional

Published
2019
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21. Tutorial: Luminance Maps for Daylighting Studies from High Dynamic Range Photography.

Author

Pierson, C., Cauwerts, C., Bodart, M., and Wienold, J.

Subjects
DAYLIGHTING, ELECTRIC lighting, PHOTOGRAPHY, LUMINOUS flux, HIGH dynamic range imaging
Abstract

In the field of lighting, luminance maps are often used to evaluate point-in-time lighting scenes from the occupant's vantage point. High Dynamic Range (HDR) photography can be used to generate such luminance maps. The aim of this tutorial is to present a comprehensive overview of a step-by-step procedure to generate a 180° luminance map of a daylit scene from a sequence of multiple exposures with semiprofessional equipment and the Radiance suite of programs. The procedure consists in capturing a sequence of multiple exposures of the visual scene; selecting the useful exposures; merging the exposures to generate the HDR image by using the predefined camera response function; nullifying the exposure value; resizing and cropping the HDR image by using the predefined fisheye view coordinates; adjusting the projection of the HDR image by using the predefined distortion function; correcting the vignetting of the HDR image by using the predefined vignetting curves; correcting the alterations of the HDR image due to the Neutral Density (ND) filter if one was used, by using the predefined ND correction function; adjusting the photometry of the HDR image by using the measured spot luminance value; editing the HDR image header by using the predefined projection type and real viewing angle; and checking the validity of the HDR image by using the measured vertical illuminance, and, if needed, the predefined luminous range. To conclude, an analysis of errors is made and attention points to adapt the procedure for electric or circadian lighting studies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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22. Influence of indoor temperature and daylight illuminance on visual perception.

Author

Chinazzo, G, Wienold, J, and Andersen, M

Subjects
*DAYLIGHT, *LUMINOUS flux, *VISUAL environment, *VISUAL perception, *LIGHT sources, *TEMPERATURE effect, *ELECTRIC lighting, *SPACE environment
Abstract

This paper details the results of an experimental study investigating the combined effect of indoor temperature (19 ℃, 23 ℃ and 27 ℃) and horizontal illuminances (∼140 lx, ∼610 lx and ∼1440 lx) on visual perception, with daylight as the only source of light. The goal is to evaluate the cross-modal effect of temperature and the unimodal effect of daylight illuminances on the visual perception of daylight. A 3 × 3 mixed-design experiment was conducted in an office-like test room with 84 participants. Results show that cross-modal effects of indoor temperature on visual perception occurred: Temperature influenced the perceived warmth of daylight, and temperature interacted with daylight illuminance as the high illuminance was considered more pleasant, was better evaluated and was more often chosen than the low one only in a thermally comfortable condition. In terms of unimodal effects, differences in visual comfort evaluations were substantial only between the low and the other two illuminances, suggesting that visual comfort did not increase with illuminance above an already comfortable threshold. Moreover, perceived brightness under the high daylight illuminance was lower than that reported in past studies under a comparable electric light illuminance, leading to the hypothesis that high illuminances might be more tolerated in a naturally-lit environment compared to a space illuminated with electric light. Findings advance the understanding of occupant perceptions of daylit environments and suggest that, together with visual factors, thermal conditions should be considered in visual perception investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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23. Comparison of luminance based metrics in different lighting conditions

Author

Wienold, J., Kuhn, T.E., Christoffersen, J., Sarey Khanie, Mandana, Andersen, M., Wienold, J., Kuhn, T.E., Christoffersen, J., Sarey Khanie, Mandana, and Andersen, M.

Abstract

In this study, we evaluate established and newly developed metrics for predicting glare using data from three different research studies. The evaluation covers two different targets: 1. How well the user’s perception of glare magnitude correlates to the prediction of the glare metrics? 2. How well do the glare metrics describe the subjects’ disturbance by glare? We applied Spearman correlations, logistic regressions and an accuracy evaluation, based on an ROC-analysis. The results show that five of the twelve investigated metrics are failing at least one of the statistical tests. The other seven metrics CGI, modified DGI, DGP, Ev, average Luminance of the image Lavg, UGP and UGR are passing all statistical tests. DGP, CGI, DGI_mod and UGP have largest AUC and might be slightly more robust. The accuracy of the predictions of afore mentioned seven metrics for the disturbance by glare lies in the range of 75-83% and does not confirm findings from other studies stating a poor performance of existing glare metrics.

Published
2017

24. Using a wearable micro-camera for dynamic glare evaluation: Corrections and verification assessment

Author

Sepúlveda Abel, Karmann Caroline, and Wienold Jan

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Micro-cameras such as the ‘vision-in-package’ (VIP) can be used as a wearable for user-centric glare estimations. Yet, there is a lack of methodologies to use such head-mounted device and their outputs to obtain reliable glare evaluations. This paper focuses proposes a methodology for dynamic glare evaluation based on wearable micro-cameras. The methodology involves a novel image rotation algorithm and pixel overflow correction based the solar disk luminance measured using an HDR camera. We tested the methodology during an experiment where 21 participants were exposed to direct sunlight in an office-like set-up in Lausanne, Switzerland. For our dataset, the pixel overflow correction avoids an underestimation of the DGP metric in 94.8% of the cases. These corrections appear crucial for the correct estimation of glare using wearable VIP cameras.

Published
2024
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25. Lighting and daylighting for visual comfort and energy efficiency

Author

Aries, M., Wienold, J., Hopfe, Christina J., McLeod, Robert S., and Building Lighting

Subjects
genetic structures, sense organs, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, eye diseases
Abstract

Light influences the daily rhythm and well-being of humans in a physiological, psychological and biological way. Light doesn’t only enable humans to see; beside the visual rods and cones the human eye also contains (recently discovered) non-visual photoreceptors (Berson et al., 2002). Supported by light perception, the human biological clock system tells the human body when to regulate multiple body functions such as body temperature, sleep patterns, cognitive performance, mood, well-being, and the release and production of hormones. Compared to the sensitivity of the visual system (V), the maximum effect of the non-visual system (C) is shifted towards the shortwave radiation and has its peak in the blue part of the spectrum.

Published
2015

26. In situ XAS and XRD studies on the formation of Mo suboxides during reduction of MoO3

Author

Ressler, T., Jentoft, R.E., Wienold, J., Gunter, M.M., and Timpe, O.

Subjects
Hydrogen -- Research, Hydrogen -- Chemical properties, Ammonium molybdate -- Research, Ammonium molybdate -- Chemical properties, Molybdenum compounds -- Research, Molybdenum compounds -- Chemical properties, Chemistry, Physical and theoretical -- Research, X-rays -- Diffraction, X-rays -- Usage, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The reduction of MoO3 with hydrogen in the temperature range from 573 to 823 K is studied by in situ-X-ray diffraction and X-ray adsorption spectroscopy. For this the focus was placed on elucidating phase composition and evolution with time under isothermal as well as temperature-programmed reduction conditions

Published
2000

28. The daylighting dashboard - A simulation-based design analysis for daylit spaces

Author

Reinhart, C.F., Wienold, J., and Publica

Abstract

This paper presents a vision of how state-of-the-art computer-based analysis techniques can be effectively used during the design of daylit spaces. Following a review of recent advances in dynamic daylight computation capabilities, climate-based daylighting metrics, occupant behavior and glare analysis, a fully integrated design analysis method is introduced that simultaneously considers annual daylight availability, visual comfort and energy use: Annual daylight glare probability profiles are combined with an occupant behavior model in order to determine annual shading profiles and visual comfort conditions throughout a space. The shading profiles are then used to calculate daylight autonomy plots, energy loads, operational energy costs and green house gas emissions. The paper then shows how simulation results for a sidelit space can be visually presented to simulation non-experts using the concept of a daylighting dashboard. The paper ends with a discussion of how the daylighting dashboard could be practically implemented using technologies that are available today.

Published
2011

31. Gaze and discomfort glare, Part 1: Development of a gaze-driven photometry.

Author

Sarey Khanie, M., Stoll, J., Einhäuser, W., Wienold, J., and Andersen, M.

Subjects
DISCOMFORT glare, GAZE, OFFICE building lighting, LUMINANCE (Photometry), INTERIOR lighting
Abstract

Discomfort glare is a major challenge for the design of workplaces. The existing metrics for discomfort glare prediction share the limitation that they do not take gaze direction into account. To overcome this limitation, we developed a ‘gaze-driven’ method for discomfort glare assessment. We conducted a series of experiments under simulated office conditions and recorded the participants’ gaze using mobile eye tracking and the luminance distributions using high dynamic range imaging methods. The two methods were then integrated to derive ‘gaze-centred’ luminance measurements in the field of view. The existing ‘fixed-gaze’ and the newly developed ‘gaze-driven’ measurement methods are compared. Our results show that there is a significant difference between the two methods. In this paper, the procedure for integrating the recorded luminance images with the recorded gaze dynamics for obtaining gaze-centred luminance data is described. This gaze-centred luminance data will be compared to the subjective assessment of glare in Part 2 of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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35. In situ characterization of the thermal treatment of polymolybdates with EXAFS and XRD

Author

Wienold, J., Ressler, Thorsten, and Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät II - Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften

Subjects
ddc:540
Abstract

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Untersuchungen an zwei verschiedenen Polyoxomolybdaten vorgestellt. Hierbei handelt es sich zum einen um das Ammoniumheptamolybdat ((NH4)6Mo7O24*4H2O, AHM), und zum anderen um Heteropolymolybdate verschiedener Zusammensetzung (H3[PMo12O40]*xH2O, Cs2H[PMo12O40]*xH2O, und Cs3[PMo12O40]*xH2O), die die Keggin-Struktur aufweisen. Das AHM und die Heteropolymolybdate sind mit in situ Röntgenbeugung und in situ Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie untersucht worden. Beide in situ Methoden sind unter Reaktionsbedingungen (katalytisch, oxidierend, reduzierend, inert) und mit simultaner Monitorisierung der Gasphase, durchgeführt worden. Der Ansatz war bei beiden Systemen die strukturellen Änderungen mit den katalysierten Reaktionen in der Gasphase bzw. dem Auftreten gasförmiger Zersetzungsprodukte zu korrelieren. Der Schwerpunkt lag für das AHM, auf der Bestimmung des Einflusses der Reaktionsatmosphäre und der Parameter Heizrate und Gasfluss auf den Prozess der Zersetzung. Im Falle der Heteropolymolybdate lag der Schwerpunkt mehr auf der Charakterisierung der Sekundär- und Primärstruktur unter Reaktionsbedingungen, um einen Beitrag zu Struktur-Aktivitäts Beziehungen zu leisten. Die Untersuchungen der Zersetzung des AHM unter Variation der Parameter Heiz- und Flussrate sowie Teilchengröße, haben gezeigt daß die Zersetzung des AHM kinetisch kontrolliert ist. Die kinetische Kontrolle äußert sich in der Abhängigkeit der während der Zersetzung gebildeten Phasen von der Konzentration der gasförmigen Zersetzungsprodukte, Wasser und Ammoniak, in der Gasphase. Die Konzentration der gasförmigen Zersetzungsprodukte bei einer gegebenen Temperatur, lässt sich über die Heiz- und Flussrate steuern. Als Folge existieren für die Zersetzung von AHM zwei verschiedene Zersetzungspfade. Der Einfluss der Reaktionsatmosphäre zeigt sich erst im letzten Zersetzungsschritt. Zersetzungspfad 1 (Partialdruck der gasförmigen Zersetzungsprodukte gering): Zersetzungspfad 2 (Partialdruck der gasförmigen Zersetzungsprodukte hoch): Für H3[PMo12O40]*13H2O konnte gezeigt werden, daß in Abhängigkeit von der Reaktionsatmosphäre verschiedene Phasenfolgen während der thermischen Behandlung auftreten. 20% Sauerstoff / Helium / 10% Propen + 10% Sauerstoff: : 10% Propen / 10% Wasserstoff (kwf. = kristallwasserfrei; I. = Intermediat, kub. Phase = Phase in der Struktur der Alkalisalze, Pn3m) Für das Cs2-Salz wurde eine ähnliche Abhängigkeit beobachtet. Die in Folge der thermischen Behandlung der freien Säure beobachtete kubische Phase in der Struktur der Alkalisalze (Pn3m, 224) konnte als Molybdänsalz identifiziert werden. Zur Bildung des Molybdänsalzes kommt es durch Molybdänatome die aus dem Keggin-Anion heraus auf Konterkationenplätze migrieren. Es handelt sich also um Autosalifikation. Die Migration der Molybdänatome wurde sowohl für die freie Säure (H3[PMo12O40]*13H2O) als auch für das Cs2-Salz (Cs2H[PMo12O40]*xH2O) beobachtet. Das Molybdänsalz zeigt eine gegenüber den anderen Heteropolymolybdaten (freie Säure, Cs2-Salz), erhöhte katalytische Aktivität und Stabilität in der Partialoxidation des Propens zum Acrolein. In this works investigations on to different polymolybdates are presented. These are ammonium heptamolybdate ((NH4)6Mo7O24*4H2O, AHM) and heteropoly molybdates (also called heteropoly acids, HPA) with different composition (H3[PMo12O40]*xH2O, Cs2H[PMo12O40]*xH2O, Cs3[PMo12O40]*xH2O). The heteropoly molybdates all show the keggin structure. The thermal treatment of the samples under different atmospheres (inert, oxidizing, reducing and catalytic) was studied with in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The composition of the reaction atmosphere was simultaneously monitored for both methods. The emphasis in the study of AHM, was the determination of the influence of different reaction atmospheres, the heating rate and the gas flow rate on the decomposition products and the decomposition pathway. In the case of the HPAs the correlation of the evolution of the primary and secondary structure under reaction conditions was emphasized. The investigations on the decomposition of AHM showed that the decomposition is kinetically driven. The kinetic control is indicated by the dependency of product and intermediate formation from the concentration of the gaseous decomposition products, water and ammonia, in the gas phase. The concentration of the gaseous decomposition products at a given temperature is controlled via the parameters heating rate and gas flow rate. As a result of this, the decomposition proceeds via to different pathways. The reaction atmosphere is affecting the product formation in the last decomposition step. The phase sequence resulting from the thermal treatment of H3[PMo12O40]*xH2O is not the same for the different reaction atmospheres. Under mild reducing conditions (10% propen or 10% hydrogen in helium) a cubic phase with the structure of the alkali salts (Pn3m)is formed from H3[PMo12O40]*xH2O. This cubic phase was identified as a molybdenum salified HPA. The salification is resulting from the migration of molybdenum atoms from the Keggin anion on to cationic positions in the structure. For the Cs2-Salt the same type of migration was observed by EXAFS analysis. The molybdenum salified HPA shows an increased catalytic activity and stability for the partial oxidation of propen to acrolein. The Cs3-salt shows no changes, neither on the long range order, nor on the short range order and is catalytic inactive.

Published
2003

41. Natürlichkeit und Individualität im Büro-Hochhaus - die Fassade des Fraunhofer-Hauses in München

Author

Wienold, J. and Publica

Subjects
Energieeffiziente und solare Kühlung, Gebäudekonzepte
Abstract

Innovation ist das Grundmotiv der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft mit Sitz in München, rasch und flexibel die Ergebnisse der Forschung mit den Anforderungen des Marktes zusammenzubringen. Mit 57 Instituten vor allem in Deutschland, ist sie in Europa die größte Organisation für angewandte Forschung. Transparenz und Kommunikation nach innen und außen sollte auch der 17-geschoßige Neubau der zentralen Verwaltung demonstrieren. Nicht nur optisch mit viel Glas, sondern auch funktional: Die rund 500 Mitarbeiter sollten die Fenster nach Belieben öffnen und schließen können, um jederzeit Kontakt mit der Außenwelt aufnehmen zu können. Diese ist allerdings durch eine Bahnlinie und die größte Ringstraße Münchens ziemlich aufdringlich. So war der zweite Wunsch der Bauherrin: Keine Beeinträchtigung durch Lärm. Dritter und vierter Wunsch: Keine mechanische Lüftung, nur natürliche Kühlung in den Büroräumen. Das Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE in Freiburg übernahm 1998 die Aufgabe, das Planungsteam bei der Fassadenplanung zu unterstützen. Das Ziel war höchstmöglicher thermischer und Tageslicht-Komfort.

Published
2003

42. Entwicklung der neuen Jalousie mit 'Genius-Lamellen'

Author

Kuhn, T., Wienold, J., and Publica

Subjects
Gebäudekonzepte
Abstract

Die sinnvolle Nutzung von Tageslicht und Sonnenwärme in Gebäuden wird in den meisten Fällen erst durch Sonnenschutzsysteme ermöglicht. Insbesondere im Verwaltungsbau kommt dem sommerlichen Wärmeschutz aufgrund der hohen internen Lasten eine Schlüsselstellung bei der Funktion der Gebäudehülle zu. Im Rahmen eines Entwicklungsprojekts wurde erfolgreich eine innenliegende Jalousie mit einer völlig neuen Lamellengeometrie entwickelt und die verbesserten Eigenschaften an Prototypen nachgewiesen.

Published
2003

48. Monitoring user behavior : monitoring and analysis of manual control strategies for lighting and blinds

Author

Reinhart, C. F. and Wienold, J.

Subjects
Éclairage, Lighting
Abstract

So far, most building simulation models tend to 'treat people like fixed metabolic heat generators passively experiencing the indoor environment' (Newsham 94). These models neglect the fact that office users do actually influence their immediate working environment by operating the artificial lighting system and/or the shading and glare protection device for example. The exact nature of this user-building interaction may significantly influence the incoming solar gains and therefore the thermal and visual comfort conditions as well as cooling and heating loads. The influence is pronounced in buildings with large architectural glazings.This paper presents the experimental setup and preliminary results of a pilot study which aims to gain more insight into the degree and kind of manual control strategies of external blinds and artificial lighting systems which are currently practiced in office buildings.

Published
2001

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