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Structured light has proven useful for numerous photonic applications. However, the current use of structured light in optical fiber science and technology is severely limited by mode mixing or by the lack of optical elements that can be integrated onto fiber end-faces for wavefront engineering, and hence generation of structured light is still handled outside the fiber via bulky optics in free space. We report a metafiber platform capable of creating arbitrarily structured light on the hybrid-order Poincaré sphere. Polymeric metasurfaces, with unleashed height degree of freedom and a greatly expanded 3D meta-atom library, were 3D laser nanoprinted and interfaced with polarization-maintaining single-mode fibers. Multiple metasurfaces were interfaced on the fiber end-faces, transforming the fiber output into different structured-light fields, including cylindrical vector beams, circularly polarized vortex beams, and arbitrary vector field. Our work provides a paradigm for advancing optical fiber science and technology towards fiber-integrated light shaping, which may find important applications in fiber communications, fiber lasers and sensors, endoscopic imaging, fiber lithography, and lab-on-fiber technology.

Experimental viscosity data for (GeSe2)x(Sb2Se3)100-x melts (x = 50, 60 and 70), obtained by deploying the pressure-assisted melt filling technique (PAMFT), are presented. These data were combined with previously published literature data and fitted over a broad temperature range including glass, undercooled melt, and melt regions by the Mauro-Yue-Ellison-Gupta-Allan (MYEGA) equation. A detailed analysis of different fragility concepts for the studied glass-forming system as well as for other well-known chalcogenide glass formers is presented. On the basis of this extensive analysis, a simple procedure for carrying out viscosity data extrapolation was developed, and the validity of this procedure is discussed., V této práci jsou uvedena experimentální data viskozity tavenin (GeSe2)x(Sb2Se3)100-x (x = 50, 60 and 70) získaná metodou tlakového plnění kapaliny. Tyto hodnoty byly kombinovány s dříve publikovanými daty z literatury a byly proloženy v širokém intervalu teplot pomocí Mauro-Yue-Ellison-Gupta-Allan (MYEGA) modelu. Dále byla provedena podrobná analýza konceptu fragility nejen pro studované sklotvorné systémy, ale i pro další studované chalkogenidové sklotvorné systémy. na základě této analýzy byl navržen jednoduchý postup extrapolace viskozitních dat.

The pressure-assisted melt filling technique (PAMFT) is promising approach for integrating new materials such as glasses or semiconductor into fiber, while only a small amount of starting material (< 0.1 mg) is actually required for the implementation of such hybrid optical fibers of length of several centimeters. PAMFT has also the capability to provide viscosity data of glass-forming melts determined during the filling process. The main advantage of this technique - the demand of only small amounts of material (< 0.1 mg) is accompanied by the fact that the molten material is encapsulated inside a silica capillary under high pressure. Therefore, PAMFT represents a promising method for measuring highly volatile and corrosive materials, such as chalcogenides. Here we present a detailed analysis on applying PAMFT for viscosity measurement of chosen chalcogenide systems with respect to experimental conditions (applied pressure and capillary diameter) and physical materials properties (surface tension and contact angle towards silica glass). For our study, we chose two well-known chalcogenide materials (Se and As2Se3) as representatives of non-wetting and wetting liquids towards silica glass. The melt viscosities were measured in the range of 0.01-25 Pa.s showing that PAMFT is a suitable method for the determination of viscosity of chalcogenide melts providing reliable data even if in the situation the influence of surface tension and contact angle is neglected. We also present new viscosity data on Se95Te5 chalcogenide melt obtained using PAMFT., Viskozity v oblasti taveniny byly stanoveny pro složení As2Se3, Se a Se95Te5 pomocí techniky vytlačování taveniny úzkou kapilárou za využití tlaku. V případě tavenin As2Se3 a Se byla tato technika otestována a verifikována. Nová viskozitní data byla poté získána pro taveninu Se95Te5.

Magnetooptical (MO) glasses and, in particular, Faraday rotators are becoming key components in lasers and optical information processing, light switching, coding, filtering, and sensing. The common design of such Faraday rotator materials follows a simple path: high Faraday rotation is achieved by maximizing the concentration of paramagnetic ion species in a given matrix material. However, this approach has reached its limits in terms of MO performance; hence, glass-based materials can presently not be used efficiently in thin film MO applications. Here, a novel strategy which overcomes this limitation is demonstrated. Using vitreous films of xFeO·(100 − x)SiO_2, unusually large Faraday rotation has been obtained, beating the performance of any other glassy material by up to two orders of magnitude. It is shown that this is due to the incorporation of small, ferromagnetic clusters of atomic iron which are generated in line during laser deposition and rapid condensation of the thin film, generating superparamagnetism. The size of these clusters underbids the present record of metallic Fe incorporation and experimental verification in glass matrices