Search

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) dikenal sebagai silent killer karena sering tidak disadari oleh penyandangnya. Penatalaksanaan DM dengan mengkombinasikan obat sesuai petunjuk dokter dan tanaman obat dapat menjadi alternatif antidiabetik bagi penderita DM. Tanaman obat yang dapat digunakan sebagai antidiabetik adalah daun salam (syzygium polyanthum). Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan tingkat pengetahuan mitra tentang penanaman dan pemanfaatan TOGA sebagai antidiabetik. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pendidikan kesehatan melalui media poster/flyer, dengan program-program yaitu a) program edukasi kesehatan tentang penyakit DM dan tatalaksananya, b) program pembentukan Asuhan Mandiri Tanaman Obat Keluarga (ASMAN TOGA) penyakit DM, dan c) program pemberdayaan mitra melalui program pelatihan Cek Kadar Gula Darah Sendiri (CERDAS). Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menunjukkan yaitu a) program edukasi kesehatan tentang penyakit DM dan tatalaksananya, skor pretest adalah 67,22±8,90 dan skor posttest adalah 78,57±3,45, b) program pembentukan Asuhan Mandiri Tanaman Obat Keluarga (ASMAN TOGA) penyakit DM, skor pretest adalah 52,34±3,39 dan skor posttest adalah 82,32±2,37, c) program pemberdayaan mitra melalui program pelatihan Cek Kadar Gula Darah Sendiri (CERDAS), skor pretest kemampuan kognitif adalah 25,57±5,77 dan skor posttest kemampuan kognitif adalah 72,34±5,47 sedangkan skor pretest kemampuan ketrampilan/skill adalah 25,89±5,89 dan skor posttest kemampuan ketrampilan/skill adalah 72,44±4,57. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat tentang penanaman dan pemanfaatan TOGA sebagai antidiabetik dengan kombinasi obat sesuai petunjuk dokter perlu digalakkan secara optimal di masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Diabetes Mellitus, TOGA, Antidiabetik, Daun Salam ABSTRACT Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is regarded as a silent killer because it often goes undetected until it has caused serious health problems. Management of DM using medicinal plants in combination with antidiabetic agents for glycemic control and related beneficial effects in managing diabetes are. The use of medicinal plants that can be used as an alternative treatment for DM is an Indonesian bay leaf (syzygium polyanthum) containing antidiabetic. Indonesian bay leaf (syzygium polyanthum) has potential as an antidiabetic drug for patients with DM. The purpose of this activity is to improve understanding of families about planting and utilization of Indonesian bay leaf (syzygium polyanthum) as medicinal plants for management of DM. The methods used in this activity are providing health education through poster/flyer, with program : a) health education program about DM, b) program of planting and utilization of Indonesian bay leaf (syzygium polyanthum) as medicinal plants for management of DM, and c) program of self-monitoring blood glucose training. This activity showed that with program : a) health education program about DM, the average knowledge score an increase, from 67,22±8,90 to 78,57±3,45, b) program of planting and utilization of Indonesian bay leaf (syzygium polyanthum) as medicinal plants for management of DM, the average knowledge score an increase, from 52,34±3,39 to 82,32±2,37, and c) program of self-monitoring blood glucose training, the average skills score an increase, from 25,57±5,77 to 72,44±4,57. Management of DM using an Indonesian bay leaf (syzygium polyanthum) in combination with antidiabetic agents for glycemic control and related beneficial effects in managing diabetes are. Keyword : Diabetes Mellitus, Family Medicinal Plants (FMP), Antidiabetic, Bay Leaf

Di Indonesia, 80% luka bakar terjadi di lingkungan rumah tangga. Masyarakat masih mempunyai kebiasaan, anggapan atau kepercayaan yang salah tentang pertolongan pertama kegawatan luka bakar di lingkungan rumah tangga. Pelatihan pertolongan pertama kegawatan luka bakar di lingkungan rumah tangga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat sehingga masyarakat tidak hanya sadar, tahu, dan mengerti tetapi juga bisa melakukan suatu anjuran yang ada hubungan dengan kesehatan yaitu tentang pertolongan pertama kegawatan luka bakar. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan tingkat pengetahuan Ibu-Ibu PKK Desa tentang pertolongan pertama kegawatan luka bakar di lingkungan rumah tangga. Metode kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pendidikan kesehatan melalui media poster/flyer. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini, skor pretest adalah 35,73±19,52 dan skor posttest adalah 74,12±11,59 sehingga pendidikan kesehatan melalui media poster/flyer dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pertolongan pertama kegawatan luka bakar di lingkungan rumah tangga Kata Kunci: Luka Bakar, Pertolongan Pertama, Lingkungan Rumah Tangga ABSTRACT In Indonesia, most often burn injuries occurred in the home environment (80%). The public still have faulty habits, assumption and beliefs regarding first aid and emergency care of burn management in the home environment. Hopefully, the application of first aid and emergency care of burn management in the home environment training can improves their knowledge. The purpose of this activity is to assess the general knowledge, of relative for burn first aid and to know regarding first aid and emergency care of burn management in the home environment among PKK mothers with target area of Wukirsari Hamlet. This activity was conducted in Wukirsari Hamlet, Imogiri, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Methods of this activity include 1) conducting FGDs with local officials; 2) training and mentoring; and 3) monitoring and evaluation. The result showed that the average knowledge score regarding first aid and emergency care of burn management in the home environment an increase, from 35,73±19,52 to 74,12±11,59. Keyword : burn injury, first aid management, home environment

The health cadres play an essential role, as community health educator. The development of pocketbook emergency safety and first aid as a learning media to improve health cadres’s knowledge and skills as first responder emergency response. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of pocketbook emergency safety and first aid as a learning media in health cadres ability as a first responder emergency response. This study used a quasi-experimental method with one group pre-post test design, with a purposive sampling technique. In this study, the average pretest value of knowledge was 57,50±4,075 and the posttest value of knowledge was 78,27±2,420, with a p-value of 0.000, which means that there is a significant difference between the knowledge before and after the intervention. The average pretest value of practice was 54,80±2,265 and the posttest value of practice was 73,73±1,999, with a p-value of 0.000, which means that there is a significant difference between the practice before and after the intervention.

Salah satu komplikasi DM yang paling sering terjadi adalah ulkus kaki diabetik. Pemberian edukasi dengan memberikan pelatihan footcare merupakan upaya pencegahan ulkus kaki diabetik bagi penderita DM. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan kemampuan Ibu-Ibu PKK Desa Karangtalun, baik secara kognitif dan juga skill/ketrampilan tentang perawatan kaki diabetik sebagai upaya pencegahan ulkus kaki diabetik. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan di Desa Karangtalun, Imogiri, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini, terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan Ibu-Ibu PKK Desa Karangtalun tentang bagaimana perawatan kaki diabetik (footcare) sebagai upaya pencegahan ulkus kaki diabetik, meningkat dari 68,45±6,30 menjadi 82,30±1,78, dan juga terdapat peningkatan skill/ketrampilan Ibu-Ibu PKK Desa Karangtalun tentang bagaimana perawatan kaki diabetik (footcare) sebagai upaya pencegahan ulkus kaki diabetik meningkat dari 65,50±2,039 menjadi 82,05±1,791. Kata Kunci : Ulkus Diabetik, Diabetes Mellitus, Perawatan Kaki ABSTRACT Diabetic foot ulcers are among the most common complications of patients who have diabetes mellitus which is not well controlled. The key to prevention of diabetic foot problems is education. The purpose of this activity is the guidance and assistance of foot care in the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers among PKK mothers with target area of Karangtalun Hamlet. This activity was conducted in Karangtalun Hamlet, Imogiri, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Methods of this activity include 1) conducting FGDs with local officials; 2) conducting counseling and short demonstration of bamboo shoot baskets; 3) training and mentoring; 4) equipment facilitation; and 5) monitoring and evaluation. The result showed that the average knowledge score an increase, from 68,45±6,30 to 82,30±1,78, and the average skills score an increase, from 65,50±2,039 to 82,05±1,791. Keyword : Diabetic Foot Ulcers, Diabetes Mellitus, Footcare

Stroke has become the leading cause of death in almost all hospitals in Indonesia, which is around 21,1%, was higher than heart and blood vessel diseases (12,9%), TBC (6,7%) and hypertension (5,3%). Stroke prevention and control strategies has played an important role to prevent and reduce disease, disability and death from stroke. One of the strategy can be applied by early detection attack stroke in the community. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of booklet CPSS as a learning media in health cadres ability In early detection prehospital attack a stroke. This study used a quasi-experimental method with one group pre-post test design, with a purposive sampling technique. The intervention used booklet CPSS. In this study, the average pretest value of knowledge was 59,37±3,102 and the posttest value of knowledge was 84,70±1,236, with a p-value of 0.000, which means that there is a significant difference between the knowledge before and after the intervention.

The presence of crypto coins as a new thing in society certainly requires an attitude from a legal aspect. The rapid development of crypto coins makes many people believe that crypto coins will become a means of payment in the future. This study aims to determine the regulation of payment instruments in Indonesia and the legal consequences if crypto coins are used as payment instruments in Indonesia. This research is normative legal research, namely research with studies through literature studies based on primary and secondary legal materials. The problem approach used is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study show concretely that crypto coins are illegal means of payment. The use of crypto coins as a means of payment in Indonesia is not in accordance with the law and is an act that is against the law so it can have legal consequences. Crypto coins do not have a legal basis to be used as a means of payment in Indonesia. Payments using crypto coins that are prohibited by law are considered illegal payments so they can get sanctions.

Introduction: Cupping is one of the traditional health therapies that has existed in the world since 1550 BC in the ancient Egyptian era, based on Riskesdas data in 2018 it was found that 31.4% of people in Indonesia used traditional health services including cupping in it, although medically there have not been many studies that explain about the benefits of cupping against certain diseases. Method: Search articles via Science Direct, PubMed and Google Schoolar, search year restricted from 2014-2020. Result: There were 11 journals found from 9,864, this literature review generally recommended the provision of traditional cupping therapy for the community while still paying attention to safety, sterility and security in performing the given cupping action. Conclusion: cupping can be done in tourist spots to help tourists who may experience aches or to provide healing and feel a comfortable sensation in cupping, cupping options at tourist attractions.

Pendidikan kesehatan kepada orangtua akan pentingnya mencuci tangan pakai sabun dan air mengalir dapat menumbuhkan pengaruh baik terhadap kebiasaan mencuci tangan menggunakan sabun dan air mengalir pada anak tunagrahita. Pemberian edukasi kesehatan pada orangtua memerlukan pendekatan yang efektif dan inovatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh flashcard terhadap kemampuan orangtua dengan anak tunagrahita dalam mempraktikkan teknik, cara dan langkah cuci tangan pakai sabun dan air mengalir. Desain penelitian ini quasi eksperiment dengan metode one group pre-post test design dan teknik purposive sampling. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 22 orang. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah uji paired t test (α ≤ 0,05). Rata-rata nilai pengetahuan responden sebelum memperoleh intervensi adalah 64,27±2,142 dan setelah memperoleh intervensi adalah 78,05±1,133 sedangkan rata-rata nilai praktik/ketrampilan responden sebelum memperoleh intervensi adalah 65,09±2,202 dan setelah memperoleh intervensi adalah 78,18±0,795. Uji paired t-test menunjukkan ada pengaruh flashcard sebagai media edukasi terhadap kemampuan responden, baik pengetahuan dan juga praktik/ketrampilan dalam mempraktikkan teknik, cara dan langkah cuci tangan pakai sabun dan air mengalir (p value 0,000).

Latar belakang: Henti jantung merupakan keadaan berhentinya sirkulasi normal darah secara mendadak, ditandai dengan denyut nadi besar yang tidak teraba, pernapasan berhenti atau gasping dan pasien tidak sadar. Pertolongan yang tepat dalam menangani kasus henti jantung adalah tindakan RJP. Salah satu strategi meminimalkan penularan Covid-19 dapat dilakukan dengan prone position saat kompresi dada selama dilakukan tindakan RJP. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis artikel-artikel tentang pengaruh pemberian prone position selama tindakan kompresi dada saat dilakukan tindakan RJP terhadap status hemodinamik pasien dengan henti jantung terinfeksi Covid-19. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah literature review, yaitu menelaah hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya pada artikel yang telah terpublikasi. Penelusuran artikel dilakukan melalui PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct dan Google Scholar. Kriteria inklusi meliputi a) publikasi artikel dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir 2010-2020, b) artikel menggunakan Bahasa Inggris dan memiliki fulltext, c) studi yang terdiri dari randomized control trial, cohort study dan qualitative study, sedangkan kriteria ekslusi meliputi artikel yang tidak memenuhi kriteria inklusi pada penelitian ini. Hasil: Hasil dari sintesis artikel yang telah ditemukan menunjukkan bahwa 9 literature review menyebutkan bahwa pemberian prone position selama tindakan kompresi dada saat dilakukan tindakan RJP memberikan efek positif terhadap status hemodinamik pasien dengan henti jantung terinfeksi Covid-19. Kesimpulan: pemberian prone position selama tindakan kompresi dada saat dilakukan tindakan RJP memberikan efek positif terhadap status hemodinamik pasien dengan henti jantung terinfeksi Covid-19. Kata kunci: RJP, prone position, Covid-19, status hemodinamik

Hipertensi dikenal sebagai silent killer karena sering tidak disadari oleh penyandangnya dan saat diketahui sudah terjadi komplikasi. Pengukuran dan pemantauan tekanan darah di rumah secara rutin merupakan hal yang wajib dilakukan, baik bagi penderita hipertensi maupun masyarakat sebagai upaya deteksi dini dan mencegah hipertensi tidak terkontrol. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan kader kesehatan posyandu dan juga penderita hipertensi beserta keluarganya tentang pengukuran tekanan darah di rumah. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan pada Bulan Agustus-September Tahun 2020 di Desa Wukirsari, Imogiri, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah dan praktik, dengan media yang digunakan berbentuk booklet, alat spignomanometer dan stetoskop. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini, berdasarkan hasil pretest dan posttest yang dilakukan, terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan penderita hipertensi beserta keluarganya sebesar ±34,95%, terjadi peningkatan dari ±47,81% menjadi ±82,76%. Selain itu, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan kader kesehatan posyandu juga meningkat sebesar ±43,77%, terjadi peningkatan dari ±43,69% menjadi ±87,46%. Pelatihan C-E-R-A-M-AH dapat dijadikan sebagai program rutin dan berkala di masyarakat sehingga angka kejadian hipertensi dalam diminimalkan dan bahaya serta komplikasi akibat hipertensi dapat dicegah. Kata kunci : Hipertensi, Pengukuran Tekanan Darah, Kader Kesehatan

Tuberculosis is an airborne disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis, transmission occurs when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing mycobacterium tuberculosis, is spread from person to person through the air. The health cadres play an essential role for tuberculosis control and prevention. Therefore tuberculosis knowledge and skills among health cadres needs to be strengthened. Knowledge is a very important factor in shaping a person's actions, behaviors based on knowledge will last longer than those without it. This study aims to analyze and to prove the influence of education with montage learning methods in strengthening the role of health cadre in TB control and prevention. Used an pre experimental design and one group pre test and post test design with sampel of 20 people. Data collected using a questionnaires. Analysis used paired t-test with a significance level of 5% (α = 0,05). The result of the study provides that knowledge and skills of health cadres about TB control and prevention before intervention shows the lowest score of 58,75±14,59 and after intervention of 74,25±10,30. The results of the research used paired t-test showed that the cadres knowledge and skills about TB control and prevention rise after the montage learning methods, while the value of p value was 0,003 < 0,05.

In this study, CNCs were extracted from durian rind. Modification to CNCs with saponin was conducted at 50 °C for one h. CNCs and CNCs-saponin were employed as dexamethasone carriers. Modification to CNCs using saponin did not change the relative crystallinity of CNCs. CNCs’ molecular structure and surface chemistry did not alter significantly after modification. Both nanoparticles have surface charges independently of pH. Dexamethasone-released kinetics were studied at two different pH (7.4 and 5.8). Higuchi, Ritger–Peppas, first-order kinetic and sigmoidal equations were used to represent the released kinetic data. The sigmoidal equation was found to be superior to other models. The CNCs and CNCs-saponin showed burst release at 30 min. The study indicated that cell viability decreased by 30% after modification with saponin.

Indonesia has the fourth largest population in the world and in the coming years food production will need to catch up with its growth. To fulfill the protein demand of this growing population, the productivity of the Indonesian agricultural sector should be increased. This can be achieved either by expanding the agricultural land or by increasing the productivity of existing agricultural land and protein use efficiency. An expansion of agricultural land is not always possible or desirable: large parts of Indonesia comprise forest areas, including tropical rain forests. Consequently, the optimization of the use of existing agricultural land is inevitable. The present manuscript describes and discusses the current protein consumption and production in Indonesia. It presents the levels predicted for 2035, which would imply a strong gap between consumption and production. Alternatives therefore need to be considered to avoid protein shortage in the future. These would include the use of new biomass resources, utilization of agricultural residues as alternative protein sources for feed and other nonfood applications, and biorefining of biomass sources.

Background: Nurses in public health centers, or known as public health nurses (PHNs), have duties in implementing promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative efforts. In Indonesia, there is no basic reference to the competencies that should be performed by PHNs. The provision of health services in the community should cover two areas, namely inside and outside the building (Minister of Health’s Regulation No. 279 Year 2006); it causes nurses in the community to further hone their skills while in the field. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the competencies of the Indonesian PHNs from experts using the C/PHN competencies of the Quad Council Coalition through a Delphi method. Methods: This study was quantitative research with a Delphi method. We employed a purposive sampling technique to recruit the experts of public health nurses. The experts did a Delphi method to identify, analyze, and modify the C/PHN Competencies of the Quad Council Coalition into the Indonesian version of C/PHN Competencies with local cultures. Results: Results showed that from eight domains of the Quad Council Coalition C/PHN competencies, there were changes for priority of the PHN competencies in Indonesia. All priorities were classified into eight groups, namely: (1) Leadership Skills and Thinking Systems; (2) Community Dimensions of Practice; (3) Assessment Analytic; (4) Policy Development and Program Planning; (5) Communication Skills; (6) Financial Planning and Management and Planning; (7) Public Health Sciences Skills; and (8) Cultural Competency. Conclusion: The Quad Council Coalition of C/PHN competencies are appropriate with the Indonesian PHN competencies, although the priority is changed related of local wisdom as stated in the Minister of Health’s Regulation No. 279 Year 2006. Therefore, the Indonesian P/HN competencies should be developed to support the Indonesian health people through family approach.

The success of TB control is strongly influenced by the role and support of the family.Families who do not care, do not support treatment programs, tend to be ignorant, donot make efforts to prevent transmission in the care of family members with TB, and givenegative stigma against TB disease has a negative impact on the success of TB control.One of the efforts to build and increase the role of the family in TB control is to provideeducation on prevention of transmission in the care of family members with TB using theMontage method. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the montage learningmethod in increasing knowledge about control and prevention of transmission in thecare of family members with TB. This study used a quasi-experimental method withone group pre-post test design. We obtain 31 respondents with a purposive samplingtechnique. The intervention used is application of 3M art, namely folding, cutting andpasting pictures on paper that form pictorial stories. In this study, the average pretestvalue was 48.39 ± 5.536 and the posttest value was 73.23 ± 11.729, with a p-value of0.000, which means that there was a significant difference between the knowledgebefore and after the intervention. Therefore, the strategy of providing education withthe montage learning method needs to be integrated into the promotional program.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The leading cause of death worldwide is responsible for 1.5 million deaths each year. The cause of tuberculosis infection is the tubercle bacillus discovered by Robert Koch in 1882. The organism causing it is Mycobacterium tuberculosis.The spread of new cases is divided in several regions including Southeast Asia and Africa, which are the regions that have the biggest contribution to the prevalence of tuberculosis. So it takes pillars and components of TB control that cover all lines. Method: This study aims to discuss the potential of herbal plants spread in Indonesia as herbal medicines that have the potential to treat tuberculosis infection. This study uses a literature study method which prepares the same as other research, but the sources and methods of data collection are by taking data from the library, reading, taking notes, and processing research materials. Result: One of the components that are currently being developed in TB infection intervention methods is the development of herbal medicines for tuberculosis control. The herbal medicines used come from garlic (Allium sativum), Centellaasiatica, beluntas leaves, Hibiscus rosasinensis L., Boechmeria virgate (Forst) Guill, tobacco leaves, Morindacitrifolia L., Javanese wood bark, Spondiaspinnata (Lf)Kurz. Conclusion: The herbal medicinal ingredients contain major chemicals such as alicin, ajoene, asiaticoside, asiatic acid, madecassic acid, and madecassoside, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenolic, and triterpenoids which have the ability to have a bactericidal effect to kill the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.

Although numerous studies have argued that sanitation workers play a significant role in the existing sanitation system while being at the cost of their health and dignity in an inappropriate work environment, they are often socially ostracized, and hence understudied to date. This study aimed to examine the current state of garbage workers, who engage in unloading and sorting garbage along with a particular focus on exploring personal hygiene, dignity, and socioeconomic diversity. This study examined these aspects in a sample of seven garbage workers in an urban slum of Indonesia through participatory and interview surveys. The results showed that there were several particular sanitation-related issues affecting workers: wetness (e.g., menstrual products and animal corps), dirtiness, and hazardous garbage (e.g., medical syringes and broken glasses), which contributed to serious health-risk exposures. Participants reported high levels of feeling of safety and potential health-risk awareness; however, this study also demonstrated low levels of risk-controlling behaviors, representing no proper safety gears caused by two unique factors: physical discomfort and work inefficiency. Results also revealed the diversity in income generation accompanied by that participants work in the exclusive circle comprising family members, which may implicate their economic affluence. While dignity in/at work was entrenched in some workers in the context of social abuse, reframing process (e.g., affirmation) and hierarchical comparisons helped them experience their value in/at work. These findings need to be discussed in relation to past and recent studies in other economically developing countries for a better understanding of this population.

Introduction: Hypertension is a disease that is a serious health problem in society, this is due to the high number of morbidity and mortality due to hypertension each year. Hypertension is the third leading cause of death worldwide, with 7.5 million deaths annually (12.8% of all deaths). Prevention that can be done to avoid complications due to hypertension according to the Sevent Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC 7) is lifestyle modification. Method: method of calculating the sample clearly has been explained, namely that after obtaining the number of sample populations, the respondents were divided into the treatment group and the control group (39 people each). In each group, the initial systolic blood pressure was measured, with the mean systolic blood pressure for the treatment group Result: Measurements were made with a brisk 30 minute walk with an intensity value of 40% -60% of the maximum reserve heart rate. The determination of outcome measures was carried out twice, namely the first before intervention and the second measurement after the intervention for three months. Some of the components measured are exercise self-efficacy (ESE), healthy behavior, physical activity, intensity of walking, and 24 hours of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). Conclusion: One of the usual lifestyle modifications is aerobic or physical activity such as walking fast (at least 30 minutes most days of the week). To form healthy behavior in hypertensive patients, it is necessary to apply a theory that helps in understanding the importance of lifestyle modification in hypertensive patients.

Tofu factories are spread across Indonesia as tofu is a cheap source of protein and favorite food for almost all population groups. Most tofu producers are micro/small business owners. In addition to soybeans, clean water is the most important input to produce tofu curd. It will generate a large amount of wastewater and solid waste, which still contains significant amounts of easily biodegradable organic matter. There are often complaints and protests from the public about the pollution in air and water in the area from the discharged waste. Tofu producers know about this, but their limited income and capital force them to ignore the environmental issues. The potential of tofu waste treatment technologies to produce new products or clean materials that can be fed back into the production process is discussed and reviewed to ensure all input materials in the tofu process can be used optimally and efficiently in a closed-loop production process. And it could be implemented easily and economically by the factories.

Liquid waste from tofu production can be treated by anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. The main components of biogas are CH4 (methane) and CO2 (carbon dioxide), but usually, biogas also contains water, H2S (hydrogen sulfide) or other sulfuric compounds, and other trace gases and impurities. Therefore, purification and upgrading the biogas are necessary to improve its quality as a fuel. One of the alternative methods of biogas purification is by reducing CO2 content using microalgae culture, which involves the ability of microalgae to use the CO2 in biogas for photosynthesis. In this research, Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis were tested for their ability to grow under biogas produced from anaerobic digestion of tofu wastewater aeration in a batch system. The results indicated that Chlorella vulgaris could grow better than Arthrospira platensis on the same flow rate of input biogas. Despite the ability of Chlorella vulgaris to use CO2 in biogas, the cell numbers in culture aerated with biogas were lower than with air, which indicated an inhibition by biogas on Chlorella vulgaris growth.

Hemodialysis is one of renal replacement therapy in patients with CKD. The fluid intake in patient’s CKD with hemodialysis, do causing some effects occurring most frequently, one is arising thirst. Thirst can cause patients fail to comply with the diet restrictions liquid intake so that the patient can experience the excess fluids or over hydration. If they do not limit liquid intake, so a fluid to accumulate in the body and may cause edema. These conditions will make increased blood pressure and give heavier heart works. One of the intervention that can be applied to deal with the thirst for a patient CKD namely by sucked on ice cubes. The purpose of this research is synthesize article about intervention sucked on an ice cube as the management of the thirst in patients who underwent CKD with hemodialysis. This research is literature review, which is assessing previous studies on an article that has been public. Article of the investigation was conducted on google scholar, DOAJ, and Pubmed. This literature review focuses on randomized control trial, cohort study and quantitative study, published in the Indonesian or English language from 2011 to 2021. The result of synthesis articles that has been found intervention will literally ice cubes can be used to reduce thirst. Ice cubes is put in the mouth to melting, any water content in ice cubes to give a sensation of cold in mouth and the melt water inside the mouth to reduce thirst that appears in patients undergo CKD with hemodialysis. Hemodialisa merupakan salah satu terapi pengganti ginjal pada pasien dengan GGK. Pembatasan intake cairan pada pasien dengan GGK yang melakukan hemodialisa, menimbulkan beberapa efek yang paling sering terjadi, salah satunya adalah timbul rasa haus. Rasa haus dapat mengakibatkan pasien tidak mematuhi diet pembatasan asupan cairan sehingga pasien dapat mengalami kelebihan cairan atau overhidrasi. Pasien GGK apabila tidak melakukan pembatasan asupan cairan, maka cairan akan menumpuk di dalam tubuh dan akan menimbulkan edema. Kondisi ini akan membuat tekanan darah meningkat dan memperberat kerja jantung. Salah satu intervensi yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengatasi masalah rasa haus pada pasien GGK yaitu dengan mengulum es batu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mensintesis artikel-artikel tentang intervensi mengulum es batu sebagai manajemen rasa haus pada pasien GGK yang menjalani hemodialisa. Desain penelitian ini adalah literature review, yaitu menelaah hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya pada artikel yang telah terpublikasi. Penelusuran artikel dilakukan melalui Google Scholar, DOAJ, Pubmed. Kriteria inklusi meliputi a) publikasi artikel dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir 2011-2021, b) artikel menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia dan atau Bahasa Inggris dan memiliki fulltext, c) studi yang terdiri dari randomized control trial, cohort study dan quantitative study, sedangkan kriteria ekslusi meliputi artikel yang tidak memenuhi kriteria inklusi pada penelitian ini. Hasil dari sintesis artikel yang telah ditemukan intervensi mengulum es batu dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi rasa haus. Es batu yang dimasukkan ke dalam mulut sampai mencair, kandungan air didalam es batu dapat memberikan sensasi dingin dimulut dan air yang mencair di dalam mulut dapat mengurangi rasa haus yang muncul pada pasien GGK yang menjalani hemodialisa.