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This study aimed to make estimation model of metabolizable energy (ME) of broiler chicken ration and feedstuffs based on proximate analysis and gross energy (GE). The estimation model used multiple and simple linear regression analysis with in vivo data approach. A total of 34 starter commercial ration data, 33 finisher commercial ration data, 17 experimental ration data, 14 corn data, 8 palm kernel cake (PKC) data from Center for Quality Testing and Feed Certification Laboratory and other research while the moisture content (MC), ash, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), GE and ME were used as database and analyzed using SPSS version 20. The results showed that ME estimation using multiple regression equation for starter commercial ration ME = 2,444.89 + 201.34x(MC) - 415.85x(ash) - 0.87x(CP) + 282.58x(EE) 284.96x(CF), finisher commercial ration ME = 6,451.05 - 244.99x(MC) - 226.72x(ash) - 101.40x(EE) + 363.12x(CF), experimental ration ME = 3,001.07 + 41.39x(MC) - 19.49x(ash) - 12.82 x(CP) + 87.31x(EE) - 160.99x(CF), corn ME= 8,504.07- 301.32x(MC) + 196.41x(ash) -252.58x(CP) + 114.52x(EE) + 47.99x(CF) and PKC ME = 6,197.28 - 111.45x(CF) while linear equation for starter commercial ration ME= 3,821.79 - 0.15GE, finisher commercial ration ME = 12,266.23 - 2.19 (GE), research ration ME= 1,416.83 + 0.398x(GE), corn ME= -2,958.80 + 1.68x(GE), PKC ME = -5,769.41 + 2.09x(GE). These two models could be used to estimate ME content in commercial finisher ration, experimental ration, corn, and PKC whereas both models could not be used for commercial feed starter. Key words: chicken feed, corn, metabolizable energy, palm kernel cake, regression analysis

Fiber is one of the essential nutrients for broiler chickens. This meta-analysis was carried out to investigate the impacts of fiber fraction ratio on broiler chickens growth performance, digestive characteristics, and nutritional digestibility. The database was compiled from 15 publications reports on the addition of fiber sources in broilers feed. To analyze the effect of acid detergent fiber (ADF) / neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratio, the mixed model technique was utilized, with ADF/NDF ratio in the feed as a fixed effect and the experiment as a random effect. The ADF/NDF ratio in the feed had no effect on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed per gain ratio in this research. Moreover, a decrease in ADF/NDF ratio in broiler chicken feed increased the relative weight of the gizzard. The relative weight and length of the small intestine and cecum were not affected by the ADF/NDF ratio in the feed. The ADF/NDF ratio in feed enhanced ileal digestibility and total tract apparent retention of most nutrients. The ADF/NDF ratio in the feed had no effect on the jejunal morphology. The minimum ADF/NDF ratio of 0.37 in the feed led to the maximum growth performance, digestive tract development, and optimal nutrient digestibility. In conclusion, controlling the ratio of fiber fraction in broiler chickens feed can improve broiler performance in the non-antibiotic growth promoters era.

Cassava has the potential use to replace corn as an energy source in poultry feed.However, the level of substitution is not optimal because of the difference ratio ofamylose and amylopectin in maize and cassava. This study aimed to examine the effectof cassava flour with addition of isoamylase as a corn substitute in the ration on theperformance of broilers. The material used in this study was 150 male day-old chickenbroiler which were randomly divided into 3 treatments and 5 replications. Thetreatments were P0: 50% corn in the ration (control); P1: Substitution of 50% of cornby cassava flour; P2: Substitution of 50% of corn by cassava flour which contained0.14% isoamylase. The variables measured were feed intake, body weight, weight gain,feed conversion ratio, income over feed and chick cost and mortality rate. Data from thecomplete randomized design were analyzed using Analysis of Variance, the significantresults between the treatments were obtained by Duncan Multiple Range Test. Theresults showed that the substitution of corn by cassava flour without and with 0.14%isoamylase was not significantly affect final body weight, body weight gain, feed intakeand feed conversion ratio. The most profitable Income over feed cost obtained was thetreatment of P2 that is Rp 6,543.50. It can be concluded that the corn substitution bycassava flour without and with addition of 0.14% isoamylase was able to produce thesame performance as broiler chickens fed with corn in the ration for five weeks of thestudy. Key words: broiler, isoamylase, cassava flour, performance

Asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb) fruit has been reported to contain phytochemicals such as xanthon, hydroxy cytric acid and flavonoids that have various activities such as antimicrobial and antioxidant. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of asam kandis extract addition in drinking water on the quality of quail eggs. Ninety nine laying quails of 59 days of age were divided into 3 treatments and 3 replications with 11 laying quails in each replication. Completely Randomized Design was used and the treatments were: T1= control (drinking water without asam kandis extract), T2= drinking water with asam kandis extract at pH 4, T3= drinking water with asam kandis extract at pH 3. The parameters observed were egg weight, egg shape index, yolk color, yolk percentage, albumen percentage, eggshell percentage, shell thickness, and haugh unit score. The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and significant differences among treatments means were tested by Duncans multiple test. The the addition of asam kandis extract did not affect (P0.05) on egg weight, egg shape index, yolk color, yolk percentage, albumen percentage, eggshell percentage, and haugh unit score. The addition of asam kandis extract in drinking water at pH 3 significantly (P0.05) increased eggshell thickness compare to that of other treatments. The conclusion was the addition of asam kandis extract in drinking water at pH 3 increased eggshell thickness without decreasing egg quality.

The aim of this research was to measure the effect of diet contained water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Indigofera (Indigofera sp.), and water spinach (Ipomoea spp.) on the performance and cholesterol of turkey meat. A total of twelve male turkeys 40 weeks old with average body weight of 4798±551.78 g were reared for six weeks. This research used a Completely Randomized Design. The dietary diet treatments were consisted of 38% rice bran, 35% commercial diet, and 27% forages which consisted of E. crassipes (R1), Indigofera sp. (R2), and Ipomea spp. (R3). The variables measured were performance (feed consumption, final body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, percentage of abdominal fat, carcass percentage and breast meat cholesterol levels. The results showed that E.crassipes, Indigofera sp., and Ipomea spp. in turkeys’diet did not affect on feed consumption, final body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass percentage, and percentage of abdominal fat. Cholesterol levels of turkey breast meat in the Indigofera dietary treatment was produced the lowest relative cholesterol levels followed by Ipomoea sp and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipe) dietary treatments. The average cholesterol level of turkey breast meat ranges from 23- 47 mg 100 g-1. It was concluded that E.crassipes, Indigofera sp., and Ipomea spp. can be used as an alternative ingredient for adult turkey diet.

Supplementation of Averrhoa bilimbi L. juice which contains vitamin C and organic acid in drinking water has been proposed to reduce the effect of heat stress on the quail layer. So this is expected to increase the productivity of quail and their egg quality. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of A. bilimbi juice supplementation in quail drinking water on quail performance, physical quality of egg, and egg yolk antioxidant level. Two hundred and forty birds aged 4-5 weeks were maintained for 42 days. A Completely Randomized Design was used in this study with 4 treatments. Each treatment has 4 replications and 15 quails in each replications. Addition of Vita Chick (P0) to the drinking water was used as a positive control. The treatments given were the addition of A. bilimbi extract with different levels of 0% (P1), 2.5% (P2), and 5% (P3) respectively. The variables observed were quail performance, physical egg quality, and egg yolk antioxidant levels. The results showed that the physical quality of quail eggs obtained were the weight of albumen and egg shells did not different all treatments. The addition of A. bilimbi juice in drinking water has affected on the weight and percentage of albumen, eggshell, and Haugh Unit. The addition of 2.5% of A.bilimbi juice (P2) had the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). However it showed the highest Haugh Unit number of the egg. There was no different effect of the highest dose of A. bilimbi juice (5%, P3) on the egg yolk antioxidant activity and capacity (41.54% and 23.91 ppm respectively). It was concluded that supplementation of A. bilimbi juice in drinker water could changed to antistress drug commercial.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding cassava leaf meal and golden snail on performances, chemical, and physical qualities of local duck egg. The experiment used 180 Pajajaran laying ducks of 20 weeks of age and was offered dietary treatments up to 26 weeks of age. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was the treatment of cassava leaf meal consisted of 3 levels, i.e., 0%, 5%, and 10%. The second factor was the treatment of golden snail consisted of 2 levels, i.e., 0% and 10%. Each experimental unit used three replicates and each replicate consisted of ten ducks. The results showed that there was no interaction effect of cassava leaf meal and golden snail treatments on laying duck performances and egg qualities. There were significant effects of cassava leaf meal and golden snail treatments (p0.05) by treatments of cassava leave meal and golden snail. The utilization of 10% cassava leaf meal in the diet significantly improved egg production, feed intake, egg mass, and yolk color (p

The aim of this study was to evaluate fresh dandelion leaves on turkey performance. The study used a complete randomized design of 4 treatments and 6 replications. A total number of 24 turkeys (Meleagris gallapavo)-12 week-old were used in this 5 weeks of feed trial. The experimental animals were fed with the diet containing 37% of commercial broiler starter diet, 40% rice bran and forage (water hyacinth and fresh dandelion leaves). The treatments with fresh dandelion leaves addition were P0: 0%, P1: 5%, P2: 10%, and P3: 15%. The variables observed were bio active compound in dandelion leaves, daily behavior and turkey performance. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the significant differences between treatments were analyzed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that dandelion leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins and steroids, vitamin D were 17.37 ppm and antioxidants IC50 have an antioxidant activity with a value of 102.31. Observation of daily behavior showed that turkeys behavior was dominated by eating and resting activities, where the highest frequency of resting activities was 0.43 per second (P0). Turkey performance were not significantly different on feed consumption, carcass weight, carcass percentage for all treatments but significantly different (p

The aim of this research was to measure the effect of yellow corn substitution with banana peel meal as a beta-carotene and antioxidant source in the chicken diet on cholesterol, vitamin A and fatty acid profiles of egg yolk Arab chicken. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and significant differences between the treatments were analyzed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Eighty pullet of Arabic chickens (19 weeks old) were randomly assigned to four treatment diets with four replications for 6 weeks of fed trials. Dietary treatments consisted of R0 (0%) banana peel meal (TP) : 50% yellow corn (JK) and 3 levels of yellow corn and banana peel. The composition of yellow corn and banana peel meal used R1 (20 % TP ; 30% JK), R2 (30% TP : 20% JG) and R3 (40% TP :10% JG). The variables observed were production performance, cholesterol, vitamin A and fatty acid profile of the egg yolk. The results showed that egg yolk cholesterol levels were not significantly different compared to the control. Substitution of yellow corn with banana peel meal had increased vitamin A level up to 49% compared to the control. There was no difference in fatty acid profiles in all treatments observed. It is concluded that banana peel meal can be used to substitute 40 % of yellow corn in the chicken diet and tend to increased vitamin A of egg yolk. Key words: Arabic chicken, banana peel meal, cholesterol, fatty acid, yolk DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abel FAS, Adeyemi OA, Oluwole OB, Oladunmoye OO, Ayo-Ajasa OY, Anuoluwatelemi JO. 2015. Effect of treated banana peel meal on the feed efficiency, digestibility and cost effectiveness of broiler chicken diet. Journal of Veterinery Science & Animal Husbandry. 3 (1): 1-6 Abou-Arab AA, Abu-Salem FM. 2017. Nutritional and anti-Nutritional composition of banana peels as influenced by microwave drying methods. 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Composition variation in β-carotene content, carbohydrate and antioxidant enzymes in selected banana cultivar. International journal of Food Science and Technology. 43: 1913-1921 Blandon JC, Hamady GAA, Abdel-Moneim A. 2015. The effect of partial replacement of yellow corn by banana peels with and without enzymes on broiler’s performance and blood parameters. Journal of Animal and Poultry Science. 4(1): 10-19 Diana, FM. 2013. Omega 6. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 7(1): 26-31 Diarra SS. 2018. Peel meals as a feed ingredient in poultry diets. Chemical composition, dietary recommendation and prospect. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 102: 1284-1295 Chueh CC, Lin LJ, Lin WC, Huang SH, Jan MS, Chang SC, Chung WS, Lee TT. 2019. Antioxidant capacity of banana peels and its modulation of Nrf2-ARE associated gene expression in broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 18 (1): 1394-1403 Haryanto, A, Miharja K, Wijayani N. 2016. Effect of banana meal on the feed conversion ratio and blood lipid profile of broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science. 15 (1) : 27-34 Has, H, Napirah A, Dewi L. 2017. Efektivitas substitusi kulit pisang dengan dedak padi dalam ransum ayam kampung. Makasar (ID): Seminar Nasional Peternakan. Universitas Hasanudin. Indra GK, Achmanu, Nurgiatiningsih A. 2013. Performans produksi ayam Arab (Gallus turcicus) berdasarkan warna bulu. Jurnal Ternak Tropika. 14 (1): 8-14 Konieczka M, Czauderna S, Smulikowsk S. 2017. The enrichment of chicken meat with omega-3 fatty acid by dietary fish oil or its mixture with rapeseed or flaxseed-effect of feeding duration dietary fish oil, flaxseed, and repeseed and n-3 enriched broiler meat. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 223 : 42-52 McDowell, L.R. 2000. Vitamine in Animal and Human Nutrition. 2nd Edition. Iowa (US): State University Press, Iowa. Mulyadi Y. 2013. Penggunaan pakan fungsional terhadap performan produksi dan kualitas telur ayam arab. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 13 (2): 27-33 [NRC] National Research Council. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Revised Edition. Washington. D. C. (US) : National Academy Press, Nuraini, Sabrina, Latif SA. 2008. Performa ayam dan kualitas telur yang menggunakan ransum mengandung onggok fermentasi dengan Neurospora crassa. Media Peternakan. 31:195-202. Pereira A, Maraschin M. 2015. Banana (Musa spp) from peel to pulp: ethnopharmacology, source of bioactive compounds and its relevance for human health. Jurnal Ethnopharmacology. 160:149–163 Piliang WG, Djojosoebagio S. 2006. Fisiologi Nutrisi. Volume I. Edisi ke-2. Bogor (ID): IPB Press Rehaul-Godbert, S, Guyot N, Nys Y. 2019. The Golden Egg: Nutritional value, bioactivities, and emerging benefits for human health. Nutrients. 11: 1-26 (www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrient) Sartika RAD. 2008. Pengaruh asam lemak jenuh, tidak jenuh dan asam lemak trans terhadap kesehatan. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2(4): 154-160 Siregar HA, Rahmadi HY, Wening S, Suprianto E. 2018. Komposisi asam lemak dan karoten kelapa sawit Elaeis oleifera, interspesifik hibrida, dan Pseudo-backcross pertama di Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit. 26 (2): 91-101 Suci DM, Fitria Z, Mutia R. 2017. Meat fatty acid and cholesterol content of native Indonesian Muscovy Duck Fed with rice bran in tradisional farm. Animal Production. 19 (1):37-45 Sutama, INS. 2008. Daun pepaya dalam ransum menurunkan kolesterol pada serum dan telur ayam. Jurnal Veteriner. 9: 152-156. Wiradimadja R, Burhanuddin H, & Saefulhadjar D. 2010. Peningkatan kadar vitamin A pada telur ayam melalui penggunaan daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr) dalam Ransum. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 10 (2): 90-94

Black Soldier Fly larvae are natural antibiotics. The use of methanol extract in BSF larvae has a dual function, namely high protein content and high antibiotic content to kill Gram-negative bacteria. The biological structure of BSF larvae with antimicrobial peptide (AMP) acts as an inhibitor of pathogenic microorganisms, has a high lauric acid function as a natural antimicrobial and chitin, the polysaccharide plays a role in enhancing the immune response of the animal. This study aims to gain the best type of BSF protein from feed treatments containing live BSF, dry BSF, and BSF extract to increase blood productivity and hematology. The results of this study show that the best P3 treatment for the productivity of laying hens at the age of 18 to 26 weeks with the use of BSF extract since it contains the highest protein compared to other treatments. Productivity variables show the best P3 treatment, each egg weight 57.17 g bird -1 , daily egg production 90.88%, egg mass 2408.16 g bird -1 and ration conversion 2.0. The mean hematology of the blood showed the highest P3 treatment, each erythrocyte 2.91±0.13 x 10 6 mm -3 , leucocytes 17.69±3.68 x 10 3 mm -3 , hematocrit 27.8±1.14%, hemoglobin 9.96±1.12%, MCV 95.77±4.41 fl, MCHC 35.99±5.21%, MCH 34.38±4.53 pg, lymphocytes 61.2 ± 4.86%, heterophile 31.2±2%, monocytes 5±0.62% and ratio H/L 0.51±0.04.

The purpose of this study was to compare commercial vitamin supplements to natural vitamins derived from pegagan leaves and carrot waste on drinking water. This experiment was designed as a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replicates; Control was drinking water without supplements (P1), drinking water with supplementation of commercial vitamin (P2), drinking water with carrot waste and pegagan leaves juice 5% (P3) , 10% (P4) and 15% (P4) tested to 150 male quails that were reared up to 3 months. The variables observed were performance of male quail that includes feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, initial weight, final body weight, carcass weight, and level of MDA (Malonaldehyde) quail meat. The results of this study showed the treatments of addition supplement have no significant effect on quail performance (feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, initial weight, final body weight, carcass weight), but the treatment of 5% pegagan leaves juice and carrot waste significantly increased level of MDA quail meat 55.652 % compared to control. It is concluded that supplementation of pegagan leaves and carrot waste in drinking can increase MDA of quail meat. Keywords: carrot waste, juice supplement, male quail, Malonaldehyde, pegagan leaves

This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of boiled golden snail (Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) supplementation on duck diet based on restaurant waste and coconut pulp to duck performance. A total of 80 Mojosari-Peking hybrid ducks 23 days old were reared for 40 days in this study. The treatments diet was as follows: control diet and 3 treatments diet of boiled golden snail supplementation levels of 10%, 15% and 20%. This research used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. All data was analyzed by variance and if there were signiϐicantly differences, further analysis applied was a Duncan Multiple Range Test. The variables observed were duck performance (feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio) and carcass percentage. The results showed that supplementation of boiled golden snail on diet based on restaurant waste and coconut pulp 10%-20% signiϐicantly (p

The addition probiotics brings several benefit including protect the environment by reducing ammonia gas. This research aims to evaluate probiotics as a substitute for AGP on carcass percentage and physical quality of broiler’s meat. This experiment used 300 Lohmann broilers day old chick (DOC) is divided into 3 groups of treatment and 5 replications in each treatment during the 35 days. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments, there are P0: (basal diet); P1: (P0 + AGP zinc bacitracin 0.04%); P2: (P0 + probiotics in drinking water). The parameters measured were carcass percentage, pH, tenderness, meat cooking loss, water holding capacity and organoleptic. All data collected within the present study were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and if there were significant differences further tests needed to be performed with Duncan’s multiple range test by SPSS version 25. The results showed that the probiotics not significantly (P>0.05) influenced carcass percentage, pH, cooking loss, and organoleptic values include aroma and flavor of broiler’s meat. The probiotics significantly (P

The research aimed to evaluate the effect of cassava leaf meal with enzymes supplementation in the feed on the performance of broiler. The research used factorial completly randomized design 2x3 on 240 Cobb-strain broilers. There were 6 treatments with 2 factors is used cassava leaf meal (CLM) and enzymes (non-starch polysaccharides and protease) with each dose 250 g/ton feed, i.e. P1: basal ration, P2: basal ration with enzymes, P3: ration with 1.5% CLM, P4: ration with 1.5% CLM and enzymes, P5: ration with 3.0% CLM, P6: ration with 3.0% CLM and enzymes. The variables analyzed were body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if the results indicated significantly different, then the post-hoc test conducted. The results showed that there was an interaction between CLM and enzymes on the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). The addition enzymes can decrease feed conversion ratio (from 1.91 to 1.74) siginificantly (P < 0.05). Addition CLM to a level of 3.0% did not interfere with performance. Enzymes can offset the detrimental effect caused by the use cassava leaf meal in the feed.

Natural feed additive supplementation could lead to higher production performance of quails on many occasions. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Piper betle L. (betel leaf) infuse supplementation on egg characteristics of quails. Quails were raised in Slamet Quail Farm, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia for 3 months. Quails had been fed adlibtum using a commercial diet. Betel leaf supplementation in different concentration had been given to replace drinking water. The treatments were P0: 0% supplementation, P1: 10% supplementation was given since day old quail (DOQ), P2: 20% supplementation was given since DOQ, P3: 30% supplementation was given since DOQ, P4: 10% supplementation was given since laying phase, P5: 20% supplementation was given since laying phase, P6: 30% supplementation was given since laying phase. The results showed that betel leaf infuse supplementation reduced the weight of egg shell, increasing the weight of egg albumin and increased egg weight significantly (P 0.05) on another egg quality variables. It could be concluded that betel leaf infuses supplementation could affect the egg shell, albumin, and egg weight without affecting other egg quality traits. Overall, betel leaf supplementation could be applicated because it could increase egg albumin quality and egg weight. Even though additional handling is needed because betle leaf infuses supplementation could reduce egg shell quality and the egg could break easily.

In AGP ban era, addition of a fiber source in broiler feed improves the performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper aims to describe the differences in fiber analysis methods and the effect of fiber source addition on growth, development of the gastrointestinal tract, and microbiota profile in the digestive tract of broilers. Oat hulls, sugar beet pulp, rice hulls, pea hulls, sunflower hulls, wheat bran, and wood have been tested as fiber source in broiler feed. The effectiveness of fiber in increasing growth performance and stimulating the development of the gastrointestinal tract were influenced by the physico-chemical properties, level of addition, particle size, and fraction composition of the fiber source. Exploration of local fiber sources from Indonesia, which can have ability to increase growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development of broilers is needed to support food security in the future.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of Hemicell® addition on diets containing different levels of crude fiber on performance and egg quality of laying hens. A total of 72 laying hens aged 21 weeks were randomly divided into 18 experimental units. A completely randomized design with factorial design 2×3 and 3 replications was employed in this study. Factor A was crude fiber level (5% and 8%) and factor B was the level of Hemicell®(0, 100x103 and 200x103 IU/kg ration). Results showed that crude fiber significantly (P

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of fat supplementation containing high palmitic acid enriched with lecithin on the performances of quail starter-grower phase. This study used a completely randomized design with 330 female day old quails Coturnix Coturnix Japonica randomized and entered into 5 treatments consisted of commercial feed (T0), T0 + 2.5% fat local + 6% lecithin from added fat (T1), T0 + 2.5% fat commercial + 6% lecithin from added fat (T2), T0 + 5% fat local + 6% lecithin from added fat (T3), T0 + 5% fat commercial + 6% lecithin from added fat (T4). The results showed that fat supplementation containing high palmitic acid enriched with lecithin was not significantly different (P

BSF larvae have a high growth rate and optimal feed conversion and can be well utilized of various types of material as a food source including decomposed organic matter. BSF larvae have amino acid compositions that resemble the amino acid composition of soybean meal or fish meal so that they can function as (antibiotic growth promoters-AGP). AGP aims to maintain the health of the digestive tract of poultry so that feed conversion becomes more efficient and growth performance can be optimal. This study aims to obtain the best type of BSF protein to improve egg quality physically and chemically and the effect of BSF on lipid metabolism. The results of this study indicated that treatment of T3 was the best physically egg quality and chemically egg quality of-laying hens with the use of BSF because it contained protein extract was quite high compared to other treatments. The results of the analysis of blood lipid metabolism that the treatment of live BSF (T1) has the lowest average value, this proved that live BSF was able to reduce the fat content in the blood of laying hens.

High quality protein feedstuff prices for poultry are more expensive due to rising prices of imported raw materials, such as fish meal and meat bone meal (MBM). Utilization of an alternative source of protein that is abundant and does not compete with food needs, becomes one of the promising solutions to optimize production efficiency. This research will evaluate the potential utilization of black soldier fly (BSF) deffated larva mal as alternative source of MBM protein in quail feed on quail production performance by using method of decreasing fat (defatting) with emphasis (pressing). Female quail 5 weeks old as many as 285 birds. Quails devided in 3 treatments and 5 replications of each 19 tails. The experimental design used in this study was a complete randomized design (CRD). The feed applied was as follows: (P1) control feed, (P2) Feed with content 50% BSF (P3) feed with 100% BSF. The results of the study 50% and 100% subtitution of BSF deffated larva meal not significantly affected on egg production evidenced by no disruption of the production of eggs and raised 5.82% (P2) and 6.13% (P3) to feed control so that it can be concluded that deffated BSF meal alternative can be used as a substitute for MBM quail in feed

Jatropha curcas meal (JCM) contains high crude protein (58%-60%), but it can not be used properly because of anti-nutritional contents known as curcin and phorbolesther. These components interferes protein metabolism and body protein synthesis. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding fermented JCM using Rhizopus oligosporus on broilers’ performances. Ninety six of day old chicks of Ross strain broiler (initial body weight 45.6±1.7 g) were used and reared for five weeks. The treatments were: R0 (diet without JCM), R1 (diet contained 3% fermented JCM), R2 (diet contained 6% fermented JCM) and R3 (diet contained 9% fermented JCM). A completely randomize design with 4 treatments and 4 replications was assigned in this experiment. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicated that feeding fermented JCM at the level of 3% to 9% in starter and grower-finisher broilers highly significant reduced (P

This study was aimed to examine the effect of black tea extract addition in diet containing 4% and 6% sunflower oil on ewe physiological responses and blood profiles from late pregnancy until early lactation. This study was designed using a 2×2 factorial completely randomized design with 5 replications on 20 late-pregnant ewes. The first factor was two levels of sunflower seed oil (4% and 6%) and the second factor was the levels of black tea extract addition (0 ppm and 500 ppm). Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test. Results showed that supplementation of sunflower seed oil and black tea extract had no effect on physiological responses and blood profiles of ewe during late pregnancy until early lactation except for erythrocyte numbers. Erythrocyte numbers were higher on 6% sunflower seed oil supplementation than that of 4% (P

Vitamin E and zinc are necessary for preventing free radical damage to phospholipid membranes, enzymes and other important molecules. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary vitamin E and zinc levels on performance and lipid oxidation in fresh and stored eggs of laying duck. A total of 90 of 22 weeks old ducks were randomly divided into 15 experimental units by assigning a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment diets were R1 (control diet), R2 (R1+40 IU vitamin E), R3 (R1+80 IU vitamin E), R4 (R1+100 ppm organic zinc), and R5 (R1+200 ppm organic zinc).The experiment was carried out for 8 wk. Parameters observed were feed intake, egg production, egg weight, feed conversion ratio, and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) value. The results showed that increasing of vitamin E from 40 IU to 80 IU and zinc from 100 ppm to 200 ppm did not affect feed intake and egg weight. Otherwise, the dietary Vitamin E and organic zinc significantly decreased (P

The objectives of this research was to study tibia bone mineral content and blood profil of laying quail offered control diet (P0); diet with 10% katuk leaf meal /KLM (P1); diet with 10% mulberry leaf meal/MLM (P2); and diet with 5% KLM+5% MLM (P3). A completely randomized design using 4 treatments, 5 replications, and 2 quails of 17 weeks of age in each experimental unit replication was used in this experiment. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan test. Parameters observed were tibia bone mineral content. The result showed that quail tibia bone weight and percentage of tibia bone weight were not affected by treatment, but diametre of tibia bone from quail fed mixture of KLM+MLM in the diet shorter (P < 0.05) than that of the other treatment. It was concluded that KLM and MLM can be used in the diet of laying quail up to 10% without affected the tibia bone mineral content. Key Words : Katuk Leaf Meal, Laying Quail, Mulberry Leaf Meal, Tibia Bone.

Katuk (Sauropus androgynus) and mulberry (Morus alba) leaves meal contain cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol and 2-4alpha-methylsterol. These active substances were expected to increase nutrients metabolism in laying poultry including quail. Poultry in layer period have high nutrients requirement and mobilization. Usage of Katuk and mulberry leaves meal in the diet was expected to increase egg quality. Four dietary treatments and 5 replications of 15 quails of 6 weeks of age each, were allocated in a c ompletely randomized design. Parameters observed were feed consumption, egg weight, quail day production and egg quality. The results showed that feed consumption and egg weight were not affected by the treatments, while egg production was significantly decreased by feeding the 10% mulberry leaf meal as well as the mixture of 5% katuk and mulberry leaf meal (P