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Background: The relationship between nutritional status in early life and the risk of chronic diseases in the future development of the child is a critical factor that needs to be considered. The basic factors that can help in this case include thrifty phenotype hypothesis, developmental plasticity, fetal programming and weight gain regulation. This study aims to determine the average increase in weight gain before and after mentoring program. Design and methods: The sample was taken randomly from 191 pregnant women. From number of women mentored, 106 that met the inclusion criteria. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test then was used in the data analysis. Results: The results show that the average body weight of women increased 18.94%, while the BMI rose by 7.46%. Mentoring program led to an increase in maternal body weight, indicated with a P-value of 0.000. Conclusions: In conclusion, mentoring program influences bodyweight in pregnant women. Therefore, it is vital to maintain a high nutritional status during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical international trade theory predicts if a country relatively rich in labor compared to capital will tend to specialize in labor-intensive industries to be exchanged with capital-intensive products produced by developed countries in the international market. This comparative advantage then regarded as a static character. The developments of new theory do relaxation on assumption of international capital flows, which in turn allows the changes in the industrial structure of a country. Countries that have a comparative advantage in labor-intensive industries can move into a country structured capital-intensive industry if the composition of the products produced in that country are more capital intensive, thus attract more international capital flows. Therefore, the nature of the comparative advantages of a country should be more dynamic, rather than static. As a country that has large populations, Indonesia will tends to specialize in products that are labor intensive. Indonesian industrial classification shows if the compositions of Indonesia's industries are laborintensive. There are about fifteen industries with high comparative advantage and all of them are labor intensive industries. Meanwhile all capital intensive industries are included in low comparative advantage products. However, some of capital intensive products indicate tend to have high comparative advantage. It shows if Indonesian industry specialization is unstable. This paper analyzes closer on Indonesian export products to determine whether there is a change in Indonesian industrial structure. Trend of the median value, standard deviation and skewness coefficient comparative advantage of Indonesia's export products use to see the RSCA distribution. Some common patterns that appear from the chart are the difference between the comparative advantage of Indonesia's industrial products tend to decline over time. If we observed specifically each industry, both labor-intensive and capital-intensive showed an increase in comparative advantage. Different condition is the trend of the two standard deviations. Standard deviation capital-intensive industrial products showed an upward trend. This indicates if the increased specialization in several industry groups, while other industry groups are relatively fixed or may even decrease. Estimation using Spearman's rank correlation shows if there has been a shift in the pattern of comparative advantage of Indonesia's export products. An industry which at the beginning has comparative advantage can be shifted into industries that do not have the advantage, and vice versa. When Indonesian industry divided into capital-intensive industry and labor intensive, it can be seen if the shift in capitalintensive industry is more dynamics than the labor-intensive one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to increasing concern of the Indonesian government towards the ever increasing national level of carbon emissions and the increasing demand of oil, in 2014 the Indonesian National Energy Council released the National Energy Policy which set the target of an increased renewable energy portion to become 23% of the total national energy consumption while setting a limit to oil consumption to be at most 25%. As the road transportation sector consumes more than 60% of the national oil consumption, measures targeting this sector will be important in fulfilling the target. A model has been set up to evaluate the impact of the measures on oil consumption via two main avenues: the substitution of oil based fuels with alternative fuels (e.g. biofuel, compressed natural gas/CNG), the reduction of oil consumption via vehicle retirement and the acceleration of fuel economy improvement for vehicles. Results have shown that it is important that policies consider the presence of older vehicles in the population since there is presently no vehicle retirement policy or penalty for older vehicles resulting in a large number of old vehicles still being operational. Thus, introduction of new vehicles will have a limited effect on the average fuel efficiency. Implementation of a vehicle retirement policy to reduce the amount of older vehicles is shown to be very effective in stemming the increase of oil consumption. In regards to fuel substitution, oil substitution with ethanol is most impactful, as most motor vehicles in Indonesia rely on gasoline including the rapidly increasing motorcycle population. While oil consumption is also reduced by biodiesel substitution, impact is more limited due to a smaller diesel vehicle population with a lower annual increase of vehicle population. In addition, financial, social and regulatory barriers exist that impend implementation of alternative fuels and vehicle limitation schemes. We also evaluated possible barriers and avenues that can further promote these measures to meet the national energy policy target. • The impact of fuel substitution of Indonesian road transportation energy was simulated. • The avenues in order to meet the national energy policy target were evaluated. • Fuel substitution with ethanol is the most impactful for the Indonesian transportation energy sector. • Oil consumption can be also reduced by biodiesel substitution. • Regulatory barriers exist in the implementation of alternative fuels and vehicle limitation schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than a century, pearly tree frog from its type locality (East Indies; Java; Mt. Wilis) are undiscovered. Current studies about the distribution of Nyctixalus margaritifer are reported as known only from West Java and Central Java. In this paper, we collected one individual of pearly tree frog, N. margaritifer in the Western part of Mt. Wilis, which belongs to Gunung Sigogor Nature Reserve, Ponorogo, East Java. This is the third specimen, which is discovered from the Mt. Wilis after the lost holotype in 1882 and the neotype in 1885. Poorly known on its ecology and its habitat preferences makes this frog difficult to find. Here, we provide the specimen description with comparison to former studies based on morphological characters only, its ecology, and its habitat preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]