Author: "Wich, S A" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Wich, S A"' showing total 163 results

Start Over Author "Wich, S A"

163 results on '"Wich, S A"'

1. Modelling Animal Biodiversity Using Acoustic Monitoring and Deep Learning

Author: Chalmers, C., Fergus, P., Wich, S., and Longmore, S. N.
Subjects: Computer Science - Sound, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract: For centuries researchers have used sound to monitor and study wildlife. Traditionally, conservationists have identified species by ear; however, it is now common to deploy audio recording technology to monitor animal and ecosystem sounds. Animals use sound for communication, mating, navigation and territorial defence. Animal sounds provide valuable information and help conservationists to quantify biodiversity. Acoustic monitoring has grown in popularity due to the availability of diverse sensor types which include camera traps, portable acoustic sensors, passive acoustic sensors, and even smartphones. Passive acoustic sensors are easy to deploy and can be left running for long durations to provide insights on habitat and the sounds made by animals and illegal activity. While this technology brings enormous benefits, the amount of data that is generated makes processing a time-consuming process for conservationists. Consequently, there is interest among conservationists to automatically process acoustic data to help speed up biodiversity assessments. Processing these large data sources and extracting relevant sounds from background noise introduces significant challenges. In this paper we outline an approach for achieving this using state of the art in machine learning to automatically extract features from time-series audio signals and modelling deep learning models to classify different bird species based on the sounds they make. The acquired bird songs are processed using mel-frequency cepstrum (MFC) to extract features which are later classified using a multilayer perceptron (MLP). Our proposed method achieved promising results with 0.74 sensitivity, 0.92 specificity and an accuracy of 0.74.
Published: 2021

2. Adapting astronomical source detection software to help detect animals in thermal images obtained by unmanned aerial systems

Author: Longmore, S. N., Collins, R. P., Pfeifer, S., Fox, S. E., Mulero-Pazmany, M., Bezombes, F., Goodwind, A., Ovelar, M. de Juan, Knapen, J. H., and Wich, S. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: In this paper we describe an unmanned aerial system equipped with a thermal-infrared camera and software pipeline that we have developed to monitor animal populations for conservation purposes. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach to tackle this problem, we use freely available astronomical source detection software and the associated expertise of astronomers, to efficiently and reliably detect humans and animals in aerial thermal-infrared footage. Combining this astronomical detection software with existing machine learning algorithms into a single, automated, end-to-end pipeline, we test the software using aerial video footage taken in a controlled, field-like environment. We demonstrate that the pipeline works reliably and describe how it can be used to estimate the completeness of different observational datasets to objects of a given type as a function of height, observing conditions etc. -- a crucial step in converting video footage to scientifically useful information such as the spatial distribution and density of different animal species. Finally, having demonstrated the potential utility of the system, we describe the steps we are taking to adapt the system for work in the field, in particular systematic monitoring of endangered species at National Parks around the world., Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, accepted to International Journal of Remote Sensing
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Noninvasive Technologies for Primate Conservation in the 21st Century

Author: Piel, A. K., Crunchant, A., Knot, I. E., Chalmers, C., Fergus, P., Mulero-Pázmány, M., and Wich, S. A.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Author: Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, Zent, S, Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, and Zent, S
Abstract: Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations 1–6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories 7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.
Published: 2024

5. Exploring the future of vegetable oils : Oil crop implications - fats, forests, forecasts, and futures

Author: Meijaard, Erik, Virah-Sawmy, M., Newing, H.S., Ingram, V.J., Holle, M.J.M., Pasmans, T., Omar, S., van de Hombergh, H., Unus, N., Forsch, A., Ferraz de Arruda, H., Allen, J., Tsagarakis, K., Chidozie Ogwu, M., Diaz Ismael, A.A., Hance, J., Moreno, Y., O'Keeffe, Sinead, Wich, S., Sheil, Douglas, Meijaard, Erik, Virah-Sawmy, M., Newing, H.S., Ingram, V.J., Holle, M.J.M., Pasmans, T., Omar, S., van de Hombergh, H., Unus, N., Forsch, A., Ferraz de Arruda, H., Allen, J., Tsagarakis, K., Chidozie Ogwu, M., Diaz Ismael, A.A., Hance, J., Moreno, Y., O'Keeffe, Sinead, Wich, S., and Sheil, Douglas
Abstract: The report emphasises the importance of respecting the rights of and supporting smallholder and local oil production systems due to their positive socio-economic outcomes and contribution to food security. The report acknowledges that within each vegetable oil system, there are both good and bad actors and outcomes, and urges for a nuanced perspective. A systemic approach is recommended to effectively address various challenges. The intended audience of this report includes governments, traders, farmers associations, and processors, who all play a crucial role in the realisation of sustainable oil systems.
Published: 2024

6. Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, Zent, S, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, and Zent, S
Published: 2024

7. Free satellite data key to conservation

Author: Buchanan, G. M., Beresford, A. E., Hebblewhite, M., Escobedo, F. J., De Klerk, H. M., Donald, P. F., Escribano, P., Koh, L.P., Martínez-López, J., Pettorelli, N., Skidmore, A. K., Szantoi, Z., Tabor, K., Wegmann, M., and Wich, S.
Published: 2018

8. Thomas Langurs (Presbytis thomasi) Discriminate between Calls of Young Solitary versus Older Group-Living Males: A Factor in Avoiding Infanticide?

Author: Wich, S. A.
Published: 2004

9. Playbacks of Loud Calls to Wild Thomas Langurs (Primates; Presbytis thomasi): The Effect of Location

Author: Wich, S. A.
Published: 2002

10. Playbacks of Loud Calls to Wild Thomas Langurs (Primates; Presbytis thomasi): The Effect of Familiarity

Author: Wich, S. A.
Published: 2002

11. The Impact of El Niño on Mast Fruiting in Sumatra and Elsewhere in Malesia

Author: Wich, S. A. and van Schaik, C. P.
Published: 2000

12. Preliminary Data on the Highland Sumatran Orangutans (Pongo abelii) of Batang Toru

Author: Wich, S. A., Usher, G., Peters, H. H., Khakim, Mokhamad Faesal Rakhman, Nowak, M. G., Fredriksson, G. M., Barrett, Louise, Series editor, Grow, Nanda B., editor, Gursky-Doyen, Sharon, editor, and Krzton, Alicia, editor
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Response: Where Might We Find Ecologically Intact Communities?

Author: Plumptre, A.J., Baisero, D., Benítez-López, Ana, Faurby, S., Gallego-Zamorano, J., Kühl, H.S., Luna-Aranguré, C., Vázquez-Domínguez, E., Voigt, M., Wich, S., Wint, G.R.W., Plumptre, A.J., Baisero, D., Benítez-López, Ana, Faurby, S., Gallego-Zamorano, J., Kühl, H.S., Luna-Aranguré, C., Vázquez-Domínguez, E., Voigt, M., Wich, S., and Wint, G.R.W.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 286765.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Published: 2022

14. Noninvasive Technologies for Primate Conservation in the 21st Century

Author: Piel, A. K., primary, Crunchant, A., additional, Knot, I. E., additional, Chalmers, C., additional, Fergus, P., additional, Mulero-Pázmány, M., additional, and Wich, S. A., additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Modelling Animal Biodiversity Using Acoustic Monitoring and Deep Learning

Author: Chalmers, C., primary, Fergus, P., additional, Wich, S., additional, and Longmore, S. N., additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Dietary and Energetic Responses of Pongo abelii to Fruit Availability Fluctuations

Author: Wich, S. A., Utami-Atmoko, S. S., Mitra Setia, T., Djoyosudharmo, S., and Geurts, M. L.
Published: 2006
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Preliminary Data on the Highland Sumatran Orangutans (Pongo abelii) of Batang Toru

Author: Wich, S. A., primary, Usher, G., additional, Peters, H. H., additional, Khakim, Mokhamad Faesal Rakhman, additional, Nowak, M. G., additional, and Fredriksson, G. M., additional
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. The global abundance of tree palms

Author: Muscarella, R., Emilio, T., Phillips, O.L., Lewis, S.L., Slik, F., Baker, W.J., Couvreur, T.L.P., Eiserhardt, W.L., Svenning, J.-C., Affum-Baffoe, K., Aiba, S.-I., de Almeida, E.C., de Almeida, S.S., de Oliveira, E.A., Álvarez-Dávila, E., Alves, L.F., Alvez-Valles, C.M., Carvalho, F.A., Guarin, F.A., Andrade, A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Murakami, A.A., Arroyo, L., Ashton, P.S., Corredor, G.A.A., Baker, T.R., de Camargo, P.B., Barlow, J., Bastin, J.-F., Bengone, N.N., Berenguer, E., Berry, N., Blanc, L., Böhning-Gaese, K., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bradford, M., Brambach, F., Brearley, F.Q., Brewer, S.W., Camargo, J.L.C., Campbell, D.G., Castilho, C.V., Castro, W., Catchpole, D., Cerón Martínez, C.E., Chen, S., Chhang, P., Cho, P., Chutipong, W., Clark, C., Collins, M., Comiskey, J.A., Medina, M.N.C., Costa, F.R.C., Culmsee, H., David-Higuita, H., Davidar, P., del Aguila-Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Di Fiore, A., Van Do, T., Doucet, J.-L., Dourdain, A., Drake, D.R., Ensslin, A., Erwin, T., Ewango, C.E.N., Ewers, R.M., Fauset, S., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, J., Ferreira, L.V., Fischer, M., Franklin, J., Fredriksson, G.M., Gillespie, T.W., Gilpin, M., Gonmadje, C., Gunatilleke, A.U.N., Hakeem, K.R., Hall, J.S., Hamer, K.C., Harris, D.J., Harrison, R.D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Herault, B., Pizango, C.G.H., Coronado, E.N.H., Hubau, W., Hussain, M.S., Ibrahim, F.-H., Imai, N., Joly, C.A., Joseph, S., Anitha, K., Kartawinata, K., Kassi, J., Killeen, T.J., Kitayama, K., Klitgård, B.B., Kooyman, R., Labrière, N., Larney, E., Laumonier, Y., Laurance, S.G., Laurance, W.F., Lawes, M.J., Levesley, A., Lisingo, J., Lovejoy, T., Lovett, J.C., Lu, X., Lykke, A.M., Magnusson, W.E., Mahayani, N.P.D., Malhi, Y., Mansor, A., Peña, J.L.M., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Melgaco, K., Bautista, C.M., Mihindou, V., Millet, J., Milliken, W., Mohandass, D., Mendoza, A.L.M., Mugerwa, B., Nagamasu, H., Nagy, L., Seuaturien, N., Nascimento, M.T., Neill, D.A., Neto, L.M., Nilus, R., Vargas, M.P.N., Nurtjahya, E., de Araújo, R.N.O., Onrizal, O., Palacios, W.A., Palacios-Ramos, S., Parren, M., Paudel, E., Morandi, P.S., Pennington, R.T., Pickavance, G., Pipoly J.J., III, Pitman, N.C.A., Poedjirahajoe, E., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J.R., Rama Chandra Prasad, P., Prieto, A., Puyravaud, J.-P., Qie, L., Quesada, C.A., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Razafimahaimodison, J.C., Reitsma, J.M., Requena-Rojas, E.J., Correa, Z.R., Rodriguez, C.R., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rozak, A., Lleras, A.R., Rutishauser, E., Rutten, G., Punchi-Manage, R., Salomão, R.P., Van Sam, H., Sarker, S.K., Satdichanh, M., Schietti, J., Schmitt, C.B., Marimon, B.S., Senbeta, F., Nath Sharma, L., Sheil, D., Sierra, R., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Sonké, B., Steininger, M.K., Steinmetz, R., Stévart, T., Sukumar, R., Sultana, A., Sunderland, T.C.H., Suresh, H.S., Tang, J., Tanner, E., ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J.W., Theilade, I., Timberlake, J., Torres-Lezama, A., Umunay, P., Uriarte, M., Gamarra, L.V., van de Bult, M., van der Hout, P., Martinez, R.V., Vieira, I.C.G., Vieira, S.A., Vilanova, E., Cayo, J.V., Wang, O., Webb, C.O., Webb, E.L., White, L., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Wich, S., Willcock, S., Wiser, S.K., Young, K.R., Zakaria, R., Zang, R., Zartman, C.E., Zo-Bi, I.C., Balslev, H., Muscarella, R., Emilio, T., Phillips, O.L., Lewis, S.L., Slik, F., Baker, W.J., Couvreur, T.L.P., Eiserhardt, W.L., Svenning, J.-C., Affum-Baffoe, K., Aiba, S.-I., de Almeida, E.C., de Almeida, S.S., de Oliveira, E.A., Álvarez-Dávila, E., Alves, L.F., Alvez-Valles, C.M., Carvalho, F.A., Guarin, F.A., Andrade, A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Murakami, A.A., Arroyo, L., Ashton, P.S., Corredor, G.A.A., Baker, T.R., de Camargo, P.B., Barlow, J., Bastin, J.-F., Bengone, N.N., Berenguer, E., Berry, N., Blanc, L., Böhning-Gaese, K., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bradford, M., Brambach, F., Brearley, F.Q., Brewer, S.W., Camargo, J.L.C., Campbell, D.G., Castilho, C.V., Castro, W., Catchpole, D., Cerón Martínez, C.E., Chen, S., Chhang, P., Cho, P., Chutipong, W., Clark, C., Collins, M., Comiskey, J.A., Medina, M.N.C., Costa, F.R.C., Culmsee, H., David-Higuita, H., Davidar, P., del Aguila-Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Di Fiore, A., Van Do, T., Doucet, J.-L., Dourdain, A., Drake, D.R., Ensslin, A., Erwin, T., Ewango, C.E.N., Ewers, R.M., Fauset, S., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, J., Ferreira, L.V., Fischer, M., Franklin, J., Fredriksson, G.M., Gillespie, T.W., Gilpin, M., Gonmadje, C., Gunatilleke, A.U.N., Hakeem, K.R., Hall, J.S., Hamer, K.C., Harris, D.J., Harrison, R.D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Herault, B., Pizango, C.G.H., Coronado, E.N.H., Hubau, W., Hussain, M.S., Ibrahim, F.-H., Imai, N., Joly, C.A., Joseph, S., Anitha, K., Kartawinata, K., Kassi, J., Killeen, T.J., Kitayama, K., Klitgård, B.B., Kooyman, R., Labrière, N., Larney, E., Laumonier, Y., Laurance, S.G., Laurance, W.F., Lawes, M.J., Levesley, A., Lisingo, J., Lovejoy, T., Lovett, J.C., Lu, X., Lykke, A.M., Magnusson, W.E., Mahayani, N.P.D., Malhi, Y., Mansor, A., Peña, J.L.M., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Melgaco, K., Bautista, C.M., Mihindou, V., Millet, J., Milliken, W., Mohandass, D., Mendoza, A.L.M., Mugerwa, B., Nagamasu, H., Nagy, L., Seuaturien, N., Nascimento, M.T., Neill, D.A., Neto, L.M., Nilus, R., Vargas, M.P.N., Nurtjahya, E., de Araújo, R.N.O., Onrizal, O., Palacios, W.A., Palacios-Ramos, S., Parren, M., Paudel, E., Morandi, P.S., Pennington, R.T., Pickavance, G., Pipoly J.J., III, Pitman, N.C.A., Poedjirahajoe, E., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J.R., Rama Chandra Prasad, P., Prieto, A., Puyravaud, J.-P., Qie, L., Quesada, C.A., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Razafimahaimodison, J.C., Reitsma, J.M., Requena-Rojas, E.J., Correa, Z.R., Rodriguez, C.R., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rozak, A., Lleras, A.R., Rutishauser, E., Rutten, G., Punchi-Manage, R., Salomão, R.P., Van Sam, H., Sarker, S.K., Satdichanh, M., Schietti, J., Schmitt, C.B., Marimon, B.S., Senbeta, F., Nath Sharma, L., Sheil, D., Sierra, R., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Sonké, B., Steininger, M.K., Steinmetz, R., Stévart, T., Sukumar, R., Sultana, A., Sunderland, T.C.H., Suresh, H.S., Tang, J., Tanner, E., ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J.W., Theilade, I., Timberlake, J., Torres-Lezama, A., Umunay, P., Uriarte, M., Gamarra, L.V., van de Bult, M., van der Hout, P., Martinez, R.V., Vieira, I.C.G., Vieira, S.A., Vilanova, E., Cayo, J.V., Wang, O., Webb, C.O., Webb, E.L., White, L., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Wich, S., Willcock, S., Wiser, S.K., Young, K.R., Zakaria, R., Zang, R., Zartman, C.E., Zo-Bi, I.C., and Balslev, H.
Abstract: Aim: Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location: Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Palms (Arecaceae). Methods: We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co-occurring non-palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results: On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long-term climate stability. Life-form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non-tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above-ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions: Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neot
Published: 2020

19. Life-Phase Related Changes in Male Loud Call Characteristics and Testosterone Levels in Wild Thomas Langurs

Author: Wich, S. A., van der Post, D. J., Heistermann, M., Möhle, U., van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M., and Sterck, E. H. M.
Published: 2003
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Measuring fruit patch size for three sympatric indonesian primate species

Author: Wich, S. A., Fredriksson, G., and Sterck, E. H. M.
Published: 2002
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Spatial and temporal overlaps between leopards ( Panthera pardus ) and their competitors in the African large predator guild

Author: Rafiq, K., primary, Hayward, M. W., additional, Wilson, A. M., additional, Meloro, C., additional, Jordan, N. R., additional, Wich, S. A., additional, McNutt, J. W., additional, and Golabek, K. A., additional
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Are we capturing faunal intactness? A comparison of intact forest landscapes and a first scoping of key biodiversity areas of ecological integrity

Author: Plumptre, A., Baisero, D., Jędrzejewski, W., Kühl, H., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-9161, Maisels, F., Ray, J., Sanderson, E., Strindberg, S., Voigt, M., and Wich, S.
Abstract: Ecologically intact ecosystems are becoming increasingly limited on the planet, making their identification and conservation an important priority. Intact forest landscapes (IFLs) are defined as forests that are mainly free of significant anthropogenic degradation and at least 500 km2 in size. Here we define a new metric, the Last of the Wild in each Ecoregion (LWE), as a preliminary scoping of the most intact parts of each ecoregion. IFL and LWE are approaches among a broad family of techniques to mapping ecological integrity at the global scale. Although both implicitly include species integrity as a dimension of intactness, this is inferred rather than directly measured. We assessed whether LWE areas or IFL were better at capturing species where they are most abundant using species distribution data for a set of forest species for which range-wide data were available and human activity limits the range. We found that IFL and LWE methods identified areas where species we assessed are either absent or at too low an abundance to be ecologically functional. As such many IFL/LWE polygons did not have intact fauna. We also show that 54.7% of the terrestrial realm (excluding Antarctica) has at least one species recorded as extinct and that two thirds of IFL/LWE areas overlap with areas where species have gone extinct in the past 500 years. The results show that neither IFL or LWE identifies areas of ecologically intact fauna adequately, underscoring a strong need to obtain additional site-level survey data to confirm faunal intactness.
Published: 2019

23. Adapting thermal-infrared technology and astronomical techniques for use in conservation biology

Author: Rashman, M.F., Steele, I.A., Burke, C., Longmore, S.N., Wich, S., Holland, A.D., Beletic, J., and Evolutionary and Population Biology (IBED, FNWI)
Subjects: Thermal infrared, Infrared, Computer science, 010401 analytical chemistry, Detector calibration, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Microbolometer, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), 0104 chemical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Imaging technology, Off the shelf, Instrumentation (computer programming), Remote sensing
Abstract: Astro-Ecology couples 'off the shelf' infrared imaging technology and astronomy instrumentation techniques for application in the field of conservation biology. Microbolometers are uncooled, infrared systems that image in the thermal-infrared range (8-15μm). These cameras are potentially ideal to use for the detection and monitoring of vulnerable species and are readily available as 'off the shelf' systems. However to optimise the quality of the data for this purpose requires thorough detector calibration to account for the systematics that limit readout accuracy. In this paper we apply three analogous, standard astronomical instrumentation techniques to characterise the random and spatial noise present in a FLIR Tau 2 Core thermal-infrared camera. We use flat fielding, stacking and binning to determine that microbolometer FPAs are dominated by large structure noise and demonstrate how this can be corrected by subtracting median stacks of flat field exposures.
Published: 2018

24. Spatio‐temporal factors impacting encounter occurrences between leopards and other large African predators

Author: Rafiq, K., primary, Jordan, N. R., additional, Wilson, A. M., additional, McNutt, J. W., additional, Hayward, M. W., additional, Meloro, C., additional, Wich, S. A., additional, and Golabek, K. A., additional
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Nature Conservation Drones for Automatic Localization and Counting of Animals

Author: van Gemert, J.C., Verschoor, C.R., Mettes, P., Epema, K., Koh, L.P., Wich, S., Agapito, L., Bronstein, M.M., Rother, C., and Intelligent Sensory Information Systems (IVI, FNWI)
Subjects: Animal Distribution, Computer science, business.industry, Nature Conservation, Perspective (graphical), Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Drone, Object detection, Wildlife conservation
Abstract: This paper is concerned with nature conservation by automatically monitoring animal distribution and animal abundance. Typically, such conservation tasks are performed manually on foot or after an aerial recording from a manned aircraft. Such manual approaches are expensive, slow and labor intensive. In this paper, we investigate the combination of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or "drones") with automatic object recognition techniques as a viable solution to manual animal surveying. Since no controlled data is available, we record our own animal conservation dataset with a quadcopter drone. We evaluate two nature conservation tasks: (i) animal detection (ii) animal counting using three state-of-the-art generic object recognition methods that are particularly well-suited for on-board detection. Results show that object detection techniques for human-scale photographs do not directly translate to a drone perspective, but that light-weight automatic object detection techniques are promising for nature conservation tasks.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Free satellite data key to conservation

Author: Buchanan, G.M., Beresford, A.E., Hebblewhite, M., Escobedo, F.J., De Klerk, H.M., Donald, P.F., Escribano, P., Koh, L.P., Martínez-López, J., Pettorelli, N., Skidmore, A.K., Szantoi, Z., Tabor, K., Wegmann, M., Wich, S., Buchanan, G.M., Beresford, A.E., Hebblewhite, M., Escobedo, F.J., De Klerk, H.M., Donald, P.F., Escribano, P., Koh, L.P., Martínez-López, J., Pettorelli, N., Skidmore, A.K., Szantoi, Z., Tabor, K., Wegmann, M., and Wich, S.
Published: 2018

27. Technological Innovations Supporting Wildlife Crime Detection, Deterrence, and Enforcement

Author: Kretser, H., Stokes, E., Wich, S., Foran, D., Montefiore, A., Gore, M.L., and Evolutionary and Population Biology (IBED, FNWI)
Subjects: Government, Wildlife, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, Computer security, computer.software_genre, Drone, Wildlife trade, Order (exchange), Scale (social sciences), Deterrence theory, Business, Enforcement, computer, Environmental planning
Abstract: Detection, deterrence, and enforcement of wildlife crime at a scale sufficient to improve the protection of wildlife populations requires cooperation and coordination across many government jurisdictions and among numerous organizations. This chapter presents four case studies on different technologies: the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART), conservation drones, mobile applications, and genetic forensic science. These technologies are examples of innovative tools that assist with decreasing risks of illegal wildlife trade when deployed in conjunction with traditional approaches. The chapter examines how these relatively recent advances can positively contribute to conservation crime monitoring, detection, and enforcement. It also explores how these technologies have been deployed in the field and discusses the limitations of implementing these technologies across many scales. Finally, the chapter recommends how the technologies themselves and their implementation might need to evolve in order to create larger‐scale improved outcomes for solving wildlife crimes and protecting species in the wild.
Published: 2017

28. Wings for wildlife: The use of conservation drones, challenges and opportunities

Author: Wich, S., Scott, L., Koh, L.P., Sandvik, K.B., Jumbert, M.G., and Evolutionary and Population Biology (IBED, FNWI)
Abstract: The idea of using low-cost do-it-yourself drones for conservation came in 2011 after two of us (Lian Pin Koh and Serge Wich) discussed the generally high financial and time investments that were made to monitor biodiversity in South East Asia. Particularly when surveying species such as orangutans (Pongo spp), it is costly and time-consuming to cover the entire distribution due to the relatively large geographic extent to which they occur and the fairly inhospitable terrain. Population data therefore rely on estimates, which are obtained by counting the number of nests within a small area and extrapolating these results to estimate the wider population (Ancrenaz et al. 2004; Wich et al. 2008). This means that the extent of data is limited and the frequency at which data are collected limited as well. Because orangutans make a new night nest on every night and these had been observed from manned helicopters and planes (Ancrenaz et al. 2004; Wich, pers. obs) we thought that perhaps drones could be used to obtain images of the forest canopy in which the nests could be detected. Because nobody had tried to take pictures of the canopy from drones to detect orangutan nests before, we were eager to test our idea and started to look for opportunities to obtain a drone that was affordable and could be repaired in the field. We quickly realised that it was best to build our own system based on resources available on the internet and components we could easily order via the internet (details below).
Published: 2017

29. Spatio‐temporal factors impacting encounter occurrences between leopards and other large African predators.

Author: Rafiq, K., Jordan, N. R., Wilson, A. M., McNutt, J. W., Hayward, M. W., Meloro, C., Wich, S. A., and Golabek, K. A.
Subjects: CHEETAH, LEOPARD, LIONS, CARNIVOROUS animals, PREDATORY animals, WILD dogs
Abstract: Encounters between individuals can have implications for a range of processes, including disease transmission, information transfer and competition. For large carnivores, difficulties in directly observing individuals and historical hardware limitations of GPS collars mean that relatively little is known of the spatio‐temporal factors contributing to encounters. The African large predator guild represents one of the few remaining functionally intact guilds of large carnivores on the globe and so represents a unique study system for understanding competitor interactions. We explored the drivers of male leopard (Panthera pardus) encounters with lions (Panthera leo), African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) and cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in the context of habitat characteristics and temporal activity overlaps. Using high‐resolution (five minute GPS fixes) data from 48 large African carnivores from 2012 to 2018, we quantified encounter occurrences between male leopards and other guild species and related these to habitat type (open vs closed), activity overlaps and moonlight levels. Leopards met wild dogs 4.56 ± 1.15 (standard error), lions 3.11 ± 0.56 and cheetahs 2.27 ± 0.73 times per month. All species instigated encounters, but leopard instigated encounters with dominant competitors appeared to reflect imperfect information on risk, primarily occurring within habitats with limited visibility. Moreover, encounters peaked during periods of high temporal overlap, suggesting that, although previous research indicates temporal activity patterns may not be driven by predator avoidance, temporal overlap has implications for competitor dynamics. Our results show how habitat characteristics and niche overlaps contribute to encounters between competitors and provide an example of how niche shifts within competitor assemblages can impact competition between species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Building relationships: how zoos and other partners can contribute to the conservation of wild orangutans Pongo spp

Author: Ancrenaz, M., primary, Barton, C., additional, Riger, P., additional, and Wich, S., additional
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Impending extinction crisis of the world’s primates: Why primates matter

Author: Nekaris, A, Estrada, A, Garber, P, Rylands, A, Roos, C, Fernandez-Duque , E, Di Fiore , A, Nijman, V, Heymann, EW, Lambert, J, Rovero, F, Barelli, C, Setchell, J, Gillespie, T, Mittermeier , R, Verde Arregoitia, L, de Guinea, M, Gouveia, S, Dobrovolski, R, Shanee, S, Shanee, N, Boyle, S, Fuentes, A, MacKinnon, K, Amato, K, Meyer, A, Wich, S, Sussman, R, Pan, R, Kone, I, Li, B, Nekaris, A, Estrada, A, Garber, P, Rylands, A, Roos, C, Fernandez-Duque , E, Di Fiore , A, Nijman, V, Heymann, EW, Lambert, J, Rovero, F, Barelli, C, Setchell, J, Gillespie, T, Mittermeier , R, Verde Arregoitia, L, de Guinea, M, Gouveia, S, Dobrovolski, R, Shanee, S, Shanee, N, Boyle, S, Fuentes, A, MacKinnon, K, Amato, K, Meyer, A, Wich, S, Sussman, R, Pan, R, Kone, I, and Li, B
Abstract: Non-human primates, our closest biological relatives, play important roles in the livelihoods, cultures and religions of many societies, and offer unique insights into human evolution, biology, behavior and the threat of emerging diseases. They are an essential component of tropical biodiversity, contributing to forest regeneration and ecosystem health. The most recent compilation of primate taxonomy lists 504 species, 197 subspecies and 79 genera distributed in the Neotropics, mainland Africa, Madagascar and Asia. Alarmingly, ~60% of primate species are now threatened with extinction as a result of unsustainable human activities, including illegal hunting and those resulting in extensive land-cover changes: industry driven agricultural production, deforestation, livestock and cattle ranching, oil and gas drilling, mining, dam building, climate change, and poor governance. Although drivers of primate decline vary by region, it is clear that decreasing the per capita demand of industrialized nations, lowering human birth rates and population growth, improving health, reducing poverty and gender biases in education, developing sustainable land-use initiatives, and preserving traditional livelihoods in primate range countries are all part of a comprehensive solution. Despite the existing threats to primate survival, we are adamant that primate conservation is not yet a lost cause. We still have the opportunity to reduce the human impact to primates and their habitats, but that demands raising greater local, regional and global public awareness of the plight of the world’s primates and the costs of their loss to ecosystem health, human culture and ultimately human survival.
Published: 2017

32. Distribution and conservation status of the orang-utan (Pongo spp.) on Borneo and Sumatra: how many remain?

Author: Wich, S A., Meijaard, E., Marshall, A J., Husson, S., Ancrenaz, M., Lacy, R C., van Schaik, C P., Sugardjito, J., Simorangkir, T., Traylor-Holzer, K., Doughty, M., Supriatna, J., Dennis, R., Gumal, M., Knott, C D., Singleton, I., Wich, S A., Meijaard, E., Marshall, A J., Husson, S., Ancrenaz, M., Lacy, R C., van Schaik, C P., Sugardjito, J., Simorangkir, T., Traylor-Holzer, K., Doughty, M., Supriatna, J., Dennis, R., Gumal, M., Knott, C D., and Singleton, I.
Abstract: In recognition of the fact that orang-utans (Pongo spp.) are severely threatened, a meeting of orang-utan experts and conservationists, representatives of national and regional governmental and non-governmental organizations, and other stakeholders, was convened in Jakarta, Indonesia, in January 2004. Prior to this meeting we surveyed all large areas for which orang-utan population status was unknown. Compilation of all survey data produced a comprehensive picture of orang-utan distribution on both Borneo and Sumatra. These results indicate that in 2004 there were c. 6,500 P. abelii remaining on Sumatra and at least 54,000 P. pygmaeus on Borneo. Extrapolating to 2008 on the basis of forest loss on both islands suggests the estimate for Borneo could be 10% too high but that for Sumatra is probably still relatively accurate because forest loss in orang-utan habitat has been low during the conflict in Aceh, where most P. abelii occur. When those population sizes are compared to known historical sizes it is clear that the Sumatran orang-utan is in rapid decline, and unless extraordinary efforts are made soon, it could become the first great ape species to go extinct. In contrast, our results indicate there are more and larger populations of Bornean orang-utans than previously known. Although these revised estimates for Borneo are encouraging, forest loss and associated loss of orang-utans are occurring at an alarming rate, and suggest that recent reductions of Bornean orang-utan populations have been far more severe than previously supposed. Nevertheless, although orang-utans on both islands are under threat, we highlight some reasons for cautious optimism for their long-term conservation
Published: 2017

33. Adapting astronomical source detection software to help detect animals in thermal images obtained by unmanned aerial systems

Author: Longmore, S. N., primary, Collins, R. P., additional, Pfeifer, S., additional, Fox, S. E., additional, Mulero-Pázmány, M., additional, Bezombes, F., additional, Goodwin, A., additional, De Juan Ovelar, M., additional, Knapen, J. H., additional, and Wich, S. A., additional
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Possible audience effect in Thomas Langurs (Primates: Presbytis thomasi): an experimental study on male loud calls in response to a Tiger model

Author: Wich, S. A. and Sterck, E. H. M.
Subjects: Anthropology/archeology/folklore, Biological sciences, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract: The influence of an audience on calling behavior is demonstrated. A study is conducted on wild primates and the results indicate that males in mixed-sex respond louder to a tiger model than solitary males.
Published: 2003

35. The effects of forest phenology and floristics on populations of Bornean and Sumatran orangutans. Are Sumatran forests better orangutan habitat than Bornean forests?

Author: Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Marshall, A J, Ancrenaz, M, Brearley, F Q, Fredriksson, G M, Ghaffar, N, Heydon, M, Husson, S J, Leighton, M, McConkey, K R, Morrogh-Bernard, H C, Proctor, J, Yeager, C P, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Marshall, A J, Ancrenaz, M, Brearley, F Q, Fredriksson, G M, Ghaffar, N, Heydon, M, Husson, S J, Leighton, M, McConkey, K R, Morrogh-Bernard, H C, Proctor, J, and Yeager, C P
Abstract: It has long been assumed that Sumatran forests are of higher quality for orangutans than Bornean forests, and that this is both the proximate and ultimate cause of many of the differences in socio-ecology between the two orangutan species. Yet this hypothesis has remained untested. This chapter presents data on the phenology and floristics of eight Bornean and three Sumatran forest sites where orangutans have been studied to examine the effects of floristic composition, habitat productivity, and seasonality on orangutan population density. The alternative hypotheses that higher orangutan densities in Sumatra are due to overall higher levels of plant productivity, the increased availability of preferred foods, the presence of more fallback foods, or differences in floristic composition between the two islands are tested empirically.
Published: 2009

36. Ranging behavior of orangutan females and social organization

Author: Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Singleton, I, Knott, C D, Morrogh-Bernard, H C, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Singleton, I, Knott, C D, and Morrogh-Bernard, H C
Abstract: Adult female orangutans have large but stable home ranges, varying from as little as 150 ha in some forests up to 850 or more in others. Spatial variation in availability of fruit of key tree species or spatial variation in habitat-wide fruiting peaks appears to be the driving force behind major movements within the range. Larger home ranges are found in more frugivorous subspecies, and at the level of study sites, where habitat mosaics are coarse enough for individual orangutans to cover multiple habitats. In larger home ranges, overlap is also larger. The chapter confirms the presence of female clusters of relatives with highly overlapping home ranges who show preferential association.
Published: 2009

37. Innovation and intelligence in orangutans

Author: Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Russon, A E, Kuncoro, P, Ferisa, A, Handayani, D P, van Noordwijk, M A, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Russon, A E, Kuncoro, P, Ferisa, A, Handayani, D P, and van Noordwijk, M A
Abstract: This chapter examines spontaneous innovation in orangutans using prevalence-based methods for identifying potential innovations in free-ranging populations and comparisons between rehabilitant and wild orangutans. Aims were to update the list of innovations, validate potential wild innovations, and estimate the innovative processes involved. Findings derive from systematic observations at one wild orangutan site (Tuanan) and four rehabilitant sites plus findings from eight other wild orangutan sites. Wild orangutan evidence identified 56 potential innovations. Validation using rehabilitant data suggests dropping some entries, adding others, and lumping or splitting others. An approximation on what was innovated was made by comparing potential wild innovations with similar species-typical and rehabilitant variants. These comparisons suggest that orangutans innovate by making small extensions to existing skills: combining old skills in new ways, adding a tool, applying old skills to new functions, and changing the items used. All are consistent with findings on great ape intelligence.
Published: 2009

38. Geographic variation in orangutan diets

Author: Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Russon, A E, Ancrenaz, M, Kanamori, T, Knott, C D, Kuze, N, Morrogh-Bernard, H C, Pratje, P, Ramlee, H, Rodman, P, Sawang, A, Sidiyasa, K, Singleton, I, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Russon, A E, Ancrenaz, M, Kanamori, T, Knott, C D, Kuze, N, Morrogh-Bernard, H C, Pratje, P, Ramlee, H, Rodman, P, Sawang, A, Sidiyasa, K, and Singleton, I
Abstract: This chapter explores variation in orangutan diets across their range, based on food lists. The authors of the chapter consolidated orangutan food lists from all available long-term field sites (N = 15). They represent both islands, multiple habitat types, varied degrees of degradation, and wild and rehabilitant populations. The chapter assesses the effects of habitat productivity (island, habitat type, habitat degradation) and rehabilitant–wild status on food lists. Findings suggest inverse relationships between habitat productivity and total plant taxa eaten at a site, the intensity at which individual food taxa are used, and the proportion of plant food species from which important food types are eaten. Analyses also explore food lists to suggest medical plant use, cultural influences on food knowledge, and the relationship between orangutan and other great ape diets. Discussion concerns conceptual implications of findings, methodological limitations to using food lists in the study of diet, and conservation applications.
Published: 2009

39. Social organization and male-female relationships

Author: Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Delgado, R A, Singleton, I, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Delgado, R A, and Singleton, I
Abstract: Despite their semi-solitary nature, associations among orangutans are more common than expected by chance for most combinations of age-sex classes. Variation in party size is due to variation in food availability or sexual activity, reflecting the two main types of parties encountered in orangutans. Parties may involve mating or are formed around mothers and immatures of various ages, in which social play is the main social activity. Beyond direct association, Sumatran females tend to remain within audible range of the dominant flanged males, using his long calls to adjust their ranging. Females tend to be more philopatric than males, although it is not clear whether males disperse away from their natal range or end up including their natal range within a much larger home range. The accumulating evidence suggests that orangutans live in more than mere neighbourhoods, but in loose communities in which related females form clusters, share a preference for the same dominant flanged male, within whose earshot they tend to remain and whose ranging is more limited. Further study should reveal whether this Sumatra-derived picture also holds for Borneo.
Published: 2009

40. Nest building in orangutans

Author: Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Prasetyo, D, Ancrenaz, M, Morrogh-Bernard, H C, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Prasetyo, D, Ancrenaz, M, and Morrogh-Bernard, H C
Abstract: Orangutans, like the other great apes, build nests ever day. Nests probably serve to achieve the optimum combination of physical comfort, temperature, and safety against predators and parasites. The chapter describes the basic nest-building technique used by orangutans, and draws attention to various special additions to this basic design, whose presence varies geographically. When nesting during the day, orangutans are more likely to use existing nests, or rebuild existing ones, and when building a new nest, do so much faster than when nesting for the night. Orangutans readily build day nests in fruiting trees, but strongly avoid building night nests in them at most sites. Instead, they build their night nests in a selected range of species, which are often not the most frequently encountered in the forest. What features of the trees causes this striking selectivity remains unclear. Similarly, orangutans build their nests in a variety of structural positions in the tree, and there is no good explanation for the geographic variation in the distribution of positions found among sites.
Published: 2009

41. Orangutan population biology, life history, and conservation. Perspectives from population viability analysis models

Author: Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Marshall, A J, Lacy, R, Ancrenaz, M, Byers, O, Husson, S J, Leighton, M, Meijaard, E, Rosen, N, Singleton, I, Stephens, S, Traylor-Holzer, K, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Marshall, A J, Lacy, R, Ancrenaz, M, Byers, O, Husson, S J, Leighton, M, Meijaard, E, Rosen, N, Singleton, I, Stephens, S, and Traylor-Holzer, K
Abstract: Orangutan populations are particularly susceptible to local extinction due to hunting, habitat loss, and fragmentation because they live at low population densities, grow slowly, and reproduce rarely. This chapter uses Population Viability Analysis (PVA) to consider the conservation implications of orangutan life history and population biology. First, a baseline model that incorporates the best available orangutan life-history data is presented. This model is then used to examine how plausible variation in model parameters, changes in the intensity of human-induced threats, and different conservation and management interventions would affect the probability of orangutan population persistence. The effects of existing threats on the extinction risk of specific orangutan populations on Borneo and Sumatra are also modelled. Finally, the conservation and management implications of this modeling exercise are considered.
Published: 2009

42. Orangutan activity budgets and diet: a comparison between species, populations and habitats

Author: Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Morrogh-Bernard, H C, Husson, S J, Knott, C D, van Noordwijk, M A, Lackman-Ancrenaz, I, Marshall, A J, Kanamori, T, Kuze, N, bin Sakong, R, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Morrogh-Bernard, H C, Husson, S J, Knott, C D, van Noordwijk, M A, Lackman-Ancrenaz, I, Marshall, A J, Kanamori, T, Kuze, N, and bin Sakong, R
Abstract: The chapter examines differences in the activity budgets of wild orangutans (Pongo spp.) within and between a large number of study sites in Sumatra and Borneo. The authors of the chapter found that each orangutan population appeared to follow one of two distinct foraging strategies: either (1) ‘sit and wait’, in which orangutans aim to minimize their energy expenditure by spending long periods of time resting and relatively short periods feeding and travelling; or (2) ‘search and find’ in which orangutans aim to maximize their energy intake by resting little and mainly feeding or moving in search of food. Orangutans adopt the first strategy in mixed-dipterocarp forests characterized by mast-fruiting events and irregular fruit availability; and adopt the second strategy in swamp forests with a regular supply of fruit, or in dryland forests with high strangling-fig density. The chapter proposes that the determining factor for which strategy is adopted is the temporal availability of fruit in the habitat, as opposed to other possibilities such as orangutan taxonomy.
Published: 2009

43. Orangutan mating behaviour and strategies

Author: Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Goossens, B, James, S S, Knott, C D, Morrogh-Bernard, H C, van Noordwijk, M A, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Goossens, B, James, S S, Knott, C D, Morrogh-Bernard, H C, and van Noordwijk, M A
Abstract: Orangutans are a species with a very pronounced sexual dimorphism, in that fully grown males are about twice the size of females, but adult, sexually mature males come in two distinct morphs. Unflanged males lack the secondary sexual characteristics (e.g., cheek flanges, throat sack, long call) of the flanged males, but are sexually active, fertile and known to sire offspring. In some males, full development may be delayed until they are over 30. This ‘bimaturism’ is hypothesized to have arisen as a result of sexual selection in which female choice, male–male competition and male coercion have all played important roles. The data reviewed here show that male–male competition is highly affected by the reproductive condition of the females and female preference for associating with particular males. Potentially reproductive female orangutans are widely dispersed in space and time. Consequently, dominant flanged adult males cannot easily exert permanent control over access to reproductive females.
Published: 2009

44. Ecological sex differences in wild orangutans

Author: Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), van Noordwijk, M A, Vogel, E R, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), van Noordwijk, M A, and Vogel, E R
Abstract: Sex differences in diet, ranging, and activity budgets (‘ecology’) can have two plausible, non-exclusive causes: differential needs due to reproduction in females and differences in body size, as well as sex differences in sociosexual strategies, usually because males are forced to travel more widely or minimize feeding time relative to females. The authors of this chapter evaluated these two hypotheses by examining sex differences in the ecology of orangutans inhabiting a Sumatran swamp forest, using two different methods. The greater reproductive burden on females is reflected in their spending more time per day feeding overall, more time foraging on insects, and less time resting, but females did not engage more in tool-assisted foraging or less in acquiring vertebrate meat. Despite the large range of body sizes, the influence of body size on time budgets, diet and the toughness and elasticity of food items was minor. However, larger males spent more time feeding on fruit than smaller ones. The other differences between unflanged males and flanged males were more compatible with different sociosexual strategies: unflanged males moved more and travelled faster than flanged males, and had shorter feeding bouts. Thus, the overall pattern of differences largely reflects sex differences in requirements due to reproduction and male sociosexual strategies. The effects of body size on diet may be so small because tooth morphology rather than body strength determine food choice.
Published: 2009

45. Development of independence: Sumatran and Bornean orangutans compared

Author: Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), van Noordwijk, M A, Sauren, S E B, Nuzuar, Abulani, A, Morrogh-Bernard, H C, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), van Noordwijk, M A, Sauren, S E B, Nuzuar, Abulani, A, and Morrogh-Bernard, H C
Abstract: Among known mammals, orangutans have the longest period of dependence and exclusive association between mother and offspring before a younger sibling is born. Comparison of available data on wild Sumatran and Bornean orangutans reveals a similar development of essential survival skills up to c. 5 years of age, but among Bornean orangutans earlier complete weaning and start of independent ranging through cessation of the association between mother and offspring, despite reported higher food availability in Sumatra. It is suggested that this difference is related to the assumed difference in main cause of mortality: starvation during irregular periods of widespread drought in Borneo vs predation in Sumatra. The benefits of association to both mother and offspring are likely to be different under these different selection pressures. To understand fully the differences between and variation among Bornean and Sumatran orangutans more high quality long-term demographic data on several populations are needed.
Published: 2009

46. Orangutan cultures revisited

Author: Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Ancrenaz, M, Djojoasmoro, R, Knott, C D, Morrogh-Bernard, H C, Odom, K, Nuzuar, van Noordwijk, M A, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Ancrenaz, M, Djojoasmoro, R, Knott, C D, Morrogh-Bernard, H C, Odom, K, Nuzuar, and van Noordwijk, M A
Abstract: Recent comparative work has claimed the presence of socially transmitted behavioral innovations, ranging from tool use to sounds produced during nest building, i.e. culture, among wild orangutans. Much independent information is corroborating this interpretation. Here, after discussing the possible sources of error in this geographic approach, the chapter updates the estimate of the orangutan’s cultural repertoire by presenting the most recent table of locally varying (i.e. non-universal) orangutan behaviors found after exhaustive comparisons of records from eight sites with long-term orangutan field studies. There now is a minimum of between 26 and 35 of such cultural variants, depending on how one assesses the risk that some of them may in fact be hidden universals, missed by some observers or performed too rarely to be reliably recorded. There was little evidence for the alternative models explaining the geographic variation as an outcome of broad reaction norms toward variable ecology or demography, or of genetic differences between populations, both indicating an absence of social learning.
Published: 2009

47. Geographic variation in orangutan behavior and biology: its functional interpretation and its mechanistic basis

Author: Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Marshall, A J, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), and Marshall, A J
Abstract: Extensive field data are available for three (out of four) Pongo taxa: the Sumatran P. abelii and the Bornean P. pygmaeus wurmbii of west and central Kalimantan and P. p. morio of east Kalimantan and Sabah. The data show a strong west–east gradient in morphology, behavioral ecology, and life history. From west to east, relative jaw robusticity and tooth enamel thickness increase, the frequency of reliance on non-fruit fallback foods—in particular inner bark of trees—increases dramatically, female day journey length and home range size decreases, the frequency of fat mobilization (and probably deposition) increases (although this has not yet been measured in P. p. morio), brain size decreases, sensitivity to selective logging decreases, average density decreases, and interbirth interval decreases. Social organization shows a similar west–east gradient, with Sumatran orangutans exhibiting a greater degree of sociality by a number of measures, although variation within Borneo is less clear. On Borneo, there may be less developmental arrest, male long calls are slower and have fewer pulses per call, consortships tend to be shorter, and a higher proportion of matings are forced. Geographic variation in orangutan features is probably produced through a combination of plastic developmental responses, genetic differences and cultural processes. The chapter offers a new hypothesis for the adaptive significance of these differences, based on the observed reduction in mean level of fruit production and increased incidence of periods of extreme scarcity from west to east. We highlight important remaining questions.
Published: 2009

48. Male-male relationships in orangutans

Author: Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Singleton, I, van Noordwijk, M A, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, Wich, S A ( S A ), Utami Atmoko, S S ( S S ), Mitra Setia, T ( T ), van Schaik, C P ( C P ), Singleton, I, and van Noordwijk, M A
Abstract: Sexually mature male orangutans live in home ranges that are 3–5 times that of adult females and show very high overlap. Encounters among flanged males, while rare, are invariably antagonistic and may lead to injury or death. Their dominance relations are not always transitive, however, producing non-linear hierarchies, probably because they usually meet one on one. Flanged males in consortship with a receptive female frequently chase unflanged males trailing them, but never catch them, so that unflanged males often remain associated with the consort pair. Unflanged males are more tolerant among each other, although attacks also occur. The response of flanged males to long calls they hear depends on their dominance position: the dominant male approaches them, whereas the other males tend to avoid them. There is no conclusive information on the reaction of unflanged males. Data from Sumatra suggest that dominant flanged males and the males challenging them for local dominance were most commonly present in a given study area, suggesting that non-dominant males roamed more widely in search of uncontested access to females.
Published: 2009

49. Geographic variation in orangutan diets

Author: Russon, A E, Wich, S A, Ancrenaz, M, Kanamori, T, Knott, C D, Kuze, N, Morrogh-Bernard, H C, Pratje, P, Ramlee, H, Rodman, P, Sawang, A, Sidiyasa, K, Singleton, I, van Schaik, C P, University of Zurich, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, and Russon, A E
Subjects: 10207 Department of Anthropology, 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology, 1100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Published: 2009
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Nest building in orangutans

Author: Prasetyo, D, Ancrenaz, M, Morrogh-Bernard, H C, Utami Atmoko, S S, Wich, S A, van Schaik, C P, University of Zurich, Wich, S A, Utami Atmoko, S S, Mitra Setia, T, van Schaik, C P, and Prasetyo, D
Subjects: 10207 Department of Anthropology, 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology, 1100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Published: 2009

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

163 results on '"Wich, S A"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources