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Clean water is a basic need for society. However, the problem of clean water sources still occurs in the Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) area of South Sumatra Province. The condition of the water being brownish and oily is an unresolved problem. One source that has the potential to disrupt water quality is the presence of factories around rivers. This community service activity aims to identify water quality and provide training to the community regarding river water management strategies and drilled wells as the primary water source for obtaining clean water, as well as increasing understanding and knowledge about clean water management with the Gravity-fed Filter Technique. The method of activities related to clean water quality is carried out in four stages, namely: 1) Location survey (cross-sectional), 2) Water sampling and laboratory analysis, 3) Education on water quality standards, and 4) Training on Gravity-fed Filter Techniques. The laboratory analysis showed that the water samples smelled fishy and were brownish and oily. In addition, the results of microbiological tests on water samples contained Coliform bacteria (sanitation indicator bacteria), which were outside the provisions of Minister of Health Decree No. 907/MENKES/SK/VII/2002 concerning clean water quality requirements. Through training activities using the Gravity-fed Filter technique, the pH and bacteria contained in the water can be reduced. Clean water management strategies using the Gravity-fed Filter technique can be used as a solution to improve clean water quality. Every society can apply the Gravity-fed Filter technique. Through this activity, society has managed water sources into clean water for daily needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worker bees actively forage to supply colony necessity i.e., pollens, nectar, and resin. Flight activities of the worker bees are influenced by food availability and environmental conditions. This study aimed to measure flight activities of Lepidotrigona terminata in terms of leaving and returning to the nest (including carrying of pollen and pollen type) and their relation to environmental conditions. The observation of flight activities of L. terminata were conducted from August to December 2016, at 07.00-17.00 for 1 minute with 1 hour interval. Pollen load and pollen types were analyzed by the acetolysis method. Flight activities of leaving and returning to the nest were lower at 07.00-08.00 (1 individual/min) and at 16.00-17.00 (2 individuals/min). However, the peak activities occurred at 10.00 until 13.00 (8 and 6 individuals/min for leaving and returning to the nest, respectively). Temperature and light intensity were positively correlated with flight activities of bees that carried nectar and resin, as well as leaving the nest without garbage. The returned workers averagely carried 32,696 pollen grains from four pollen types. Based on selection index values, this stingless bee species mostly preferred Araceae (ⱳi=1.522) plant family for pollen resources to others, Anacardiaceae, Aceraceae, and Acanthaceae (x2=39.32, p<0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]