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9. Industrial Case Studies

Author

Ranasinghe, D. W., Whyte, I. G., Collin, J.-P., Lukianoff, G. V., Brodie, Ivor, editor, Muray, Julius J., editor, and Thong, John T. L., editor

Published
1993
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12. Clinical care of pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19: Living recommendations from the National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce.

Author

Burgess P., Morphet J., Nou S., Russo P., Sarson M., Young A., Norris S., Morris-Donovan B., Gurry S., Hudson E., Hurley S., Primmer D., Timms S., Whicker S., Mukherjee S., Booth K., Cameron P., Cooper M., Cheng A., Fowler P., Frydenberg M., McGloughlin S., McPhee E., Mitchell B., O'Donnell C., Parr M., Phillips J., Varndell W., Whyte I., Randall R., Brightwell R., Condon L., Deshpande A., Ehm A., Ferrie M., Muller J., Pullin L., Robinson E., Witt A., Larkins S., Morgan M., Taylor G., Agostino J., Douglas K., Ewald B., Fornasier D., Knight S., Nelson C., Peachey L., Peiris D., Driel M., Walters L., Weaver I., Burr L., Hendel S., Shekar K., Avard B., Cairns K., Glanville A., Gilroy N., Myles P., O'Sullivan R., Robinson O., Sharland C., McCarthy S., Wark P., McGoughlin S., Hodgson C., Ankravs M., Hansen K., Huckson S., Iredell J., Janerka C., Jaspers R., Litton E., Macdonald S., Peake S., Bowen A., McMullan B., Tingay D., Vasilunas N., Anderson L., Best J., Burns P., Erickson S., Fancourt N., Goff Z., Kapuya V., Keyte C., Malyon L., Wurzel D., Agar M., Lindley R., Smallwood N., Callary M., Chapman M., Good P., Jenkin P., Morgan D., Naganathan V., Srikanth V., Tuffin P., Whiting E., William L., Yates P., Barber B., Davies J., Davis J., Gwee A., Leder K., Matthews G., McMahon J., Peel T., Raftery C., Rees M., Roberts J., Seppelt I., Wibrow B., Baker R., Curnow J., Cutts B., Enjeti A., Forbes A., Ho P., Holyoak A., Liley H., McFadyen J., McQuilten Z., Merriman E., Savoia H., Tan C.W., Tran H., Ward C., Williams K., Ballard N., Bendall S., Bhanderi N., Byers L., Craig S., Ellis D., Ewald D., Fairley C., Hoggard B., Cong M.L., Morley P., Nair P., Pearce A., Turner T., Callesen H., Campbell S., Ring J., Wilson A., Henry D., Pearson S., Boyle D., Chidwick K., Chapman W., French C., Pearce C., Snelling T., Bero L., Grundy Q., Lexchin J., Mintzes B., Vogel J.P., Tendal B., Giles M., Whitehead C., Burton W., Chakraborty S., Cheyne S., Downton T., Fraile Navarro D., Gleeson G., Gordon A., Hunt J., Kitschke J., McDonald S., McDonnell N., Middleton P., Millard T., Murano M., Oats J., Tate R., White H., Elliott J., Roach V., Homer C.S.E., McGowan S., Ballenden N., Barrett T.-L., Beavis V., Saunders J.B., Buchanan T., Buchanan-Grey M., Casey D., Cowie M., Doyle J., Gnjidic D., Green S., Greenland R., Griffin K., Groombridge S., Hardy L., Hodak A., Holley A., Jovanovska V., Michaels K., Burgess P., Morphet J., Nou S., Russo P., Sarson M., Young A., Norris S., Morris-Donovan B., Gurry S., Hudson E., Hurley S., Primmer D., Timms S., Whicker S., Mukherjee S., Booth K., Cameron P., Cooper M., Cheng A., Fowler P., Frydenberg M., McGloughlin S., McPhee E., Mitchell B., O'Donnell C., Parr M., Phillips J., Varndell W., Whyte I., Randall R., Brightwell R., Condon L., Deshpande A., Ehm A., Ferrie M., Muller J., Pullin L., Robinson E., Witt A., Larkins S., Morgan M., Taylor G., Agostino J., Douglas K., Ewald B., Fornasier D., Knight S., Nelson C., Peachey L., Peiris D., Driel M., Walters L., Weaver I., Burr L., Hendel S., Shekar K., Avard B., Cairns K., Glanville A., Gilroy N., Myles P., O'Sullivan R., Robinson O., Sharland C., McCarthy S., Wark P., McGoughlin S., Hodgson C., Ankravs M., Hansen K., Huckson S., Iredell J., Janerka C., Jaspers R., Litton E., Macdonald S., Peake S., Bowen A., McMullan B., Tingay D., Vasilunas N., Anderson L., Best J., Burns P., Erickson S., Fancourt N., Goff Z., Kapuya V., Keyte C., Malyon L., Wurzel D., Agar M., Lindley R., Smallwood N., Callary M., Chapman M., Good P., Jenkin P., Morgan D., Naganathan V., Srikanth V., Tuffin P., Whiting E., William L., Yates P., Barber B., Davies J., Davis J., Gwee A., Leder K., Matthews G., McMahon J., Peel T., Raftery C., Rees M., Roberts J., Seppelt I., Wibrow B., Baker R., Curnow J., Cutts B., Enjeti A., Forbes A., Ho P., Holyoak A., Liley H., McFadyen J., McQuilten Z., Merriman E., Savoia H., Tan C.W., Tran H., Ward C., Williams K., Ballard N., Bendall S., Bhanderi N., Byers L., Craig S., Ellis D., Ewald D., Fairley C., Hoggard B., Cong M.L., Morley P., Nair P., Pearce A., Turner T., Callesen H., Campbell S., Ring J., Wilson A., Henry D., Pearson S., Boyle D., Chidwick K., Chapman W., French C., Pearce C., Snelling T., Bero L., Grundy Q., Lexchin J., Mintzes B., Vogel J.P., Tendal B., Giles M., Whitehead C., Burton W., Chakraborty S., Cheyne S., Downton T., Fraile Navarro D., Gleeson G., Gordon A., Hunt J., Kitschke J., McDonald S., McDonnell N., Middleton P., Millard T., Murano M., Oats J., Tate R., White H., Elliott J., Roach V., Homer C.S.E., McGowan S., Ballenden N., Barrett T.-L., Beavis V., Saunders J.B., Buchanan T., Buchanan-Grey M., Casey D., Cowie M., Doyle J., Gnjidic D., Green S., Greenland R., Griffin K., Groombridge S., Hardy L., Hodak A., Holley A., Jovanovska V., and Michaels K.

Abstract

To date, 18 living recommendations for the clinical care of pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19 have been issued by the National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce. This includes recommendations on mode of birth, delayed umbilical cord clamping, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, rooming-in, antenatal corticosteroids, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, disease-modifying treatments (including dexamethasone, remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine), venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and advanced respiratory support interventions (prone positioning and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). Through continuous evidence surveillance, these living recommendations are updated in near real-time to ensure clinicians in Australia have reliable, evidence-based guidelines for clinical decision-making. Please visit https://covid19evidence.net.au/ for the latest recommendation updates.Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists

Published
2021

13. Clinical care of pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19: Living recommendations from the National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce

Author

Vogel, JP, Tendal, B, Giles, M, Whitehead, C, Burton, W, Chakraborty, S, Cheyne, S, Downton, T, Fraile Navarro, D, Gleeson, G, Gordon, A, Hunt, J, Kitschke, J, McDonald, S, McDonnell, N, Middleton, P, Millard, T, Murano, M, Oats, J, Tate, R, White, H, Elliott, J, Roach, V, Homer, CSE, McGowan, S, Ballenden, N, Barrett, TL, Beavis, V, Saunders, JB, Buchanan, T, Buchanan-Grey, M, Casey, D, Cowie, M, Doyle, J, Frydenberg, M, Gnjidic, D, Green, S, Greenland, R, Griffin, K, Groombridge, S, Hardy, L, Hodak, A, Holley, A, Jovanovska, V, Knight, S, Michaels, K, Morley, P, Morphet, J, Nou, S, Russo, P, Sarson, M, Young, A, Norris, S, Morris-Donovan, B, Gurry, S, Hudson, E, Hurley, S, Primmer, D, Timms, S, Whicker, S, Mukherjee, S, Agostino, J, Booth, K, Burr, L, Byers, L, Cameron, P, Cooper, M, Cheng, A, Fowler, P, Glanville, A, Leder, K, McGloughlin, S, McMullan, B, McPhee, E, Mitchell, B, Morgan, M, Myles, P, O’Donnell, C, Parr, M, Phillips, J, Randall, R, Varndell, W, Whyte, I, William, L, Brightwell, R, Condon, L, Deshpande, A, Ehm, A, Ferrie, M, Muller, J, Pullin, L, Robinson, E, Witt, A, Larkins, S, Taylor, G, Burgess, P, Vogel, JP, Tendal, B, Giles, M, Whitehead, C, Burton, W, Chakraborty, S, Cheyne, S, Downton, T, Fraile Navarro, D, Gleeson, G, Gordon, A, Hunt, J, Kitschke, J, McDonald, S, McDonnell, N, Middleton, P, Millard, T, Murano, M, Oats, J, Tate, R, White, H, Elliott, J, Roach, V, Homer, CSE, McGowan, S, Ballenden, N, Barrett, TL, Beavis, V, Saunders, JB, Buchanan, T, Buchanan-Grey, M, Casey, D, Cowie, M, Doyle, J, Frydenberg, M, Gnjidic, D, Green, S, Greenland, R, Griffin, K, Groombridge, S, Hardy, L, Hodak, A, Holley, A, Jovanovska, V, Knight, S, Michaels, K, Morley, P, Morphet, J, Nou, S, Russo, P, Sarson, M, Young, A, Norris, S, Morris-Donovan, B, Gurry, S, Hudson, E, Hurley, S, Primmer, D, Timms, S, Whicker, S, Mukherjee, S, Agostino, J, Booth, K, Burr, L, Byers, L, Cameron, P, Cooper, M, Cheng, A, Fowler, P, Glanville, A, Leder, K, McGloughlin, S, McMullan, B, McPhee, E, Mitchell, B, Morgan, M, Myles, P, O’Donnell, C, Parr, M, Phillips, J, Randall, R, Varndell, W, Whyte, I, William, L, Brightwell, R, Condon, L, Deshpande, A, Ehm, A, Ferrie, M, Muller, J, Pullin, L, Robinson, E, Witt, A, Larkins, S, Taylor, G, and Burgess, P

Abstract

To date, 18 living recommendations for the clinical care of pregnant and postpartum women with COVID-19 have been issued by the National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce. This includes recommendations on mode of birth, delayed umbilical cord clamping, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, rooming-in, antenatal corticosteroids, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, disease-modifying treatments (including dexamethasone, remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine), venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and advanced respiratory support interventions (prone positioning and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). Through continuous evidence surveillance, these living recommendations are updated in near real-time to ensure clinicians in Australia have reliable, evidence-based guidelines for clinical decision-making. Please visit https://covid19evidence.net.au/ for the latest recommendation updates.

Published
2020

35. The continued development of reticulated vitreous carbon as a versatile electrode material: Structure, properties and applications

Author

Walsh, F., Arenas, L.F., Ponce De Leon Albarran, C., Reade, G.W., Whyte, I., and Mellor, B.G.

Abstract

The limitations of two-dimensional electrodes can be overcome by using three-dimensional materials having sufficient porosity and active area while offering moderate mass transport rates and a relatively low pressure drop at controlled electrolyte flow rate. In concept, a wide variety of metal, ceramic and composite materials are possible but restrictions are imposed by the need to avoid materials degradation, while maintaining adequate electrical conductivity, sufficient robustness and the possibility of facile scale-up. Despite its fragility, one of the traditional electrode materials used as a porous, three-dimensional electrode is carbon foam, particularly in the 97% vol. porous form of reticulated vitreous carbon, RVC. A time-line indicates that the history of this material dates back over 50 years to the mid-1960s, when it was primarily used as an uncoated material in small-scale, laboratory electroanalysis. Surface modification and diverse coatings have considerably extended the use of RVC. Recent applications are found in sensors and monitors, electrosynthesis, environmental processing and energy conversion. This review highlights the fundamental structure and summarises the physicochemical properties of RVC. Fluid flow through various porosity grades of the material, their active electrochemical area and rates of mass transport are quantified. The diverse applications of RVC in energy conversion, environmental treatment and electrosynthesis are illustrated by selected examples from the authors’ laboratories and others over the last 30 years. Recent research on coated RVC, energy conversion environmental remediation and sensors is highlighted. Critical areas deserving further research and development are proposed

Published
2016

36. δ^15N and δ^13C measurements from the African elephant, Loxodonta africana, used for ivory sourcing

Author

Ishibashi, Hiroshi, Takeuchi, Takayuki, Whyte, I, and Koike, Hiroko

Subjects
ivory sourcing, nitrogen isotope, Carbon isotope, African elephant, ivory
Abstract

For country soucing using ivory, a total of 81 country-known ivory samples from the southern African countries from South Africa, Botswana, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, the central African countries of Congo, Gabon and Zaire, and the eastern African countries of Sudan, Djibouti, and Ethiopia, and 82 ivory samples collected from Kruger National Park in South Africa were measured to obtain δ^15N and δ^13C values, using an ANCA-MS (Automatic Nitrogen and Carbon Analyzer mass-spectrometry, Europa Scientific Ltd.). δ^13C values for collagen from South African samples (-19.4 ± 2.3‰) indicate a stronger dependence on C4 plants than do those from the Congo (-25.3 ± 1.4‰), Gabon (-27.2 ± 1.5‰) and Zaire (-26.7 ± 1.2‰). δ^15N values for these samples had relatively wide variation within the countries. Theδ^15N and δ^13C distribution for the ivory samples from Kruger National Park in South Africa differed, clustering around -18‰ to -21‰ (-19.8 ± 1.1‰) for δ^13C values and +7‰ to +12‰ (+8.9 ± 1.1‰) for δ^15N values, suggesting that δ^15N and δ^13C measurements are useful for ivory sourcing.

Published
1999

39. PHARMACEUTICAL TERRORISM; A NATURAL EXPERIMENT INFLUENCING ANALGESIC POISONING

Author

Balit, C, Isbister, GK, Peat, J, Dawson, A, and Whyte, I

Subjects
Poisoning -- Demographic aspects, Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) -- Analysis, Terrorism -- Demographic aspects, Acetaminophen -- Adverse and side effects, Environmental issues, Health, Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries
Abstract

Background: Acetaminophen is commonly used in deliberate and accidental poisonings. Few studies have evaluated the impact of acetaminophen availability on the incidence of acetaminophen and non-acetaminophen poisoning. Methods: Following reports of extortion in Australia during 2000, there were two recall periods of acetaminophen-containing products. We therefore conducted a retrospective observational audit of calls to a national Poison Information Centre (PIC) and presentations to a regional toxicology service. We obtained the numbers of deliberate and accidental poisonings with tablet formulations of acetaminophen, ibuprofen and aspirin products, during the recall periods, and compared them with the number of cases during the same periods of the previous three years. Results: There was a trend towards a reduction in deliberate self poisoning with acetaminophen in recall 1 (P = 0.057) but no decrease overall, in calls to the PIC. There was no significant change in aspirin overdoses but a significant increase in ibuprofen overdoses (P = 0.001). There was a significant increase in aspirin overdoses for the toxicology service (P = 0.043). For accidental ingestions there was a significant increase in ibuprofen ingestion (P = 0.001), but no significant change in acetaminophen or aspirin ingestions. Conclusions: Reduced acetaminophen availability increased the use of alternate medications for deliberate and accidental poisonings. This may be deleterious because of the increased toxicity of these agents., Balit C(1), Isbister GK(2), Peat J(3), Dawson A(2), Whyte I(2). (1) NSW Poisons Information Centre, Westmead. (2) Department of Clinical Toxicology, Newcastle Mater Hospital. (3) Department of Paediatrics and Child [...]

Published
2001

46. Death Adder Envenoming Causes Neurotoxicity Not Reversed by Antivenom - Australian Snakebite Project (ASP-16).

Author

White J., Jus S., William V., McCoubrie D., Dawson A., Littl M., Gaul A., Pascui O., Ryan N., Mill K., Miller P., Close B., Curran S., Gunj N., Dowsett R., Ghen T., Johnston C.I., O'Leary M.A., Brown S.G.A., Currie B., Whitaker R., Isbister G.K., Nagree Y., Ker F., Greene S., Taylor M., Macrokanis C., Wilke G., Coulson A., Barnes C., Bonni R., Whitake R., Halkidis L., Isbiste G., Downe M., Whyte I., Tankel A., Greenberg R., Webb M., Ellis R., Spai D., Irelan G., Gan M., Porges K., Bitmea D., Tay K., Miller M., Baile P., Vlad I., Gavaghan C., Holdgate A., McGregor K., Fraser T., Graudins A., Garre P., Ward D., Buckle N., Chan B., Pag C., Parkin A., Mead H., Thompso P., Treston G., Alfred S., Gray T., Yeun J., Brow S., White J., Jus S., William V., McCoubrie D., Dawson A., Littl M., Gaul A., Pascui O., Ryan N., Mill K., Miller P., Close B., Curran S., Gunj N., Dowsett R., Ghen T., Johnston C.I., O'Leary M.A., Brown S.G.A., Currie B., Whitaker R., Isbister G.K., Nagree Y., Ker F., Greene S., Taylor M., Macrokanis C., Wilke G., Coulson A., Barnes C., Bonni R., Whitake R., Halkidis L., Isbiste G., Downe M., Whyte I., Tankel A., Greenberg R., Webb M., Ellis R., Spai D., Irelan G., Gan M., Porges K., Bitmea D., Tay K., Miller M., Baile P., Vlad I., Gavaghan C., Holdgate A., McGregor K., Fraser T., Graudins A., Garre P., Ward D., Buckle N., Chan B., Pag C., Parkin A., Mead H., Thompso P., Treston G., Alfred S., Gray T., Yeun J., and Brow S.

Abstract

Background: Death adders (Acanthophis spp) are found in Australia, Papua New Guinea and parts of eastern Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the clinical syndrome of death adder envenoming and response to antivenom treatment. Methodology/Principal Findings: Definite death adder bites were recruited from the Australian Snakebite Project (ASP) as defined by expert identification or detection of death adder venom in blood. Clinical effects and laboratory results were collected prospectively, including the time course of neurotoxicity and response to treatment. Enzyme immunoassay was used to measure venom concentrations. Twenty nine patients had definite death adder bites; median age 45 yr (5-74 yr); 25 were male. Envenoming occurred in 14 patients. Two further patients had allergic reactions without envenoming, both snake handlers with previous death adder bites. Of 14 envenomed patients, 12 developed neurotoxicity characterised by ptosis (12), diplopia (9), bulbar weakness (7), intercostal muscle weakness (2) and limb weakness (2). Intubation and mechanical ventilation were required for two patients for 17 and 83 hours. The median time to onset of neurotoxicity was 4 hours (0.5-15.5 hr). One patient bitten by a northern death adder developed myotoxicity and one patient only developed systemic symptoms without neurotoxicity. No patient developed venom induced consumption coagulopathy. Antivenom was administered to 13 patients, all receiving one vial initially. The median time for resolution of neurotoxicity post-antivenom was 21 hours (5-168). The median peak venom concentration in 13 envenomed patients with blood samples was 22 ng/mL (4.4-245 ng/mL). In eight patients where post-antivenom bloods were available, no venom was detected after one vial of antivenom. Conclusions/Significance: Death adder envenoming is characterised by neurotoxicity, which is mild in most cases. One vial of death adder antivenom was sufficient to bind all circulating venom. The persis

Published
2012

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