1. Tracking celiac disease-triggering peptides and whole wheat flour quality as function of germination kinetics.
- Author
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Boukid F, Prandi B, Vittadini E, Francia E, and Sforza S
- Subjects
- Celiac Disease immunology, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Digestion, Flour adverse effects, Food Analysis methods, Food Handling methods, Glutens adverse effects, Glutens immunology, Humans, Kinetics, Peptide Fragments adverse effects, Peptide Fragments immunology, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Triticum adverse effects, Triticum growth & development, Triticum immunology, Whole Grains adverse effects, Whole Grains growth & development, Whole Grains immunology, Celiac Disease prevention & control, Flour analysis, Germination, Glutens metabolism, Peptide Fragments metabolism, Triticum metabolism, Whole Grains metabolism
- Abstract
Germination is already a well-accepted process by consumers with many products made from sprouted seeds or containing limited amounts of flour form sprouted grains. The present work aimed assessing the usefulness of germination in reducing gluten peptides associated with celiac disease, at the same time evaluating some technological features of the obtained germinated wheat. In the first part of the work, celiac disease (CD)-triggering peptides were tracked as a function of germination kinetics (from day 1 to day 6). Using simulated gastrointestinal digestion and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, ten celiac disease triggering peptides were identified: seven peptides presumably involved in the adaptive immune response (TI) and three peptides mainly involved in the innate immune response (TT). All the identified peptides belonged to gliadins. TI track pattern showed three phases: the first two days displayed a significant degradation, a stability phase was observed from day 3 to day 5, and finally a drastic reduction occurred on the 6th day. For TT peptides, important degradation was exclusively observed at the 6th day. In the second part, some techno-functional features of germinated whole wheat flour were assessed to estimate its potential as an alternative to conventional flour. Functionality comparison of the non-germinated versus germinated flours revealed that germination significantly influenced solvents retention capacities as well as swelling and solubility. Thus, with a reduced amount of celiac disease triggering peptides, but also with different technological behavior compared to traditional wheat flour., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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