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The WHO Classification of Tumours (WCT) guides cancer diagnosis, treatment, and research. However, research evidence in pathology continuously changes, and new evidence emerges. Correct assessment of evidence in the WCT 5th edition (WCT-5) and identification of high level of evidence (LOE) studies based on study design are needed to improve future editions. We aimed at producing exploratory evidence maps for WCT-5 Thoracic Tumours, specifically lung and thymus tumors. We extracted citations from WCT-5, and imported and coded them in EPPI-Reviewer. The maps were plotted using EPPI-Mapper. Maps displayed tumor types (columns), descriptors (rows), and LOE (bubbles using a four-color code). We included 1434 studies addressing 51 lung, and 677 studies addressing 25 thymus tumor types from WCT-5 thoracic tumours volume. Overall, 87.7% (n = 1257) and 80.8% (n = 547) references were low, and 4.1% (n = 59) and 2.2% (n = 15) high LOE for lung and thymus tumors, respectively. Invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung (n = 215; 15.0%) and squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus (n = 93; 13.7%) presented the highest number of references. High LOE was observed for colloid adenocarcinoma of the lung (n = 11; 18.2%) and type AB thymoma (n = 4; 1.4%). Tumor descriptors with the highest number of citations were prognosis and prediction (n = 273; 19.0%) for lung, and epidemiology (n = 186; 28.0%) for thymus tumors. LOE was generally low for lung and thymus tumors. This study represents an initial step in the WCT Evidence Gap Map (WCT-EVI-MAP) project for mapping references in WCT-5 for all tumor types to inform future WCT editions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current study analyses the patients who underwent surgical resection with intracranial meningiomas. Methods: This study reviewed the data of eighty-four patients diagnosed and operated with intracranial meningioma. The study was conducted retrospectively by analyzing the clinical characteristics and the histopathological results of the patients. Age at surgery, gender, and tumor location according to World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 tumor classification criteria were determined. Brain computed tomography and cranial magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess the tumor before operation and presence of recurrence/residual lesion at follow-up. Surgical management was evaluated according to Simpson resection grade. Results: Fifty-nine were women (70%) and 25 were men (30%). Female/male ratio was 2.36/1. The average age was 55.58 years (range: 28-79 years). The most common locations of surgical intracranial meningiomas were convexity, and parasagittal/falcine. Fifty-four (64.3%) patients with Simpson grade I and II, 26 (30.9%) with grade III, and 4 (4.8%) patients with grade IV resection were carried out. The most common histopathological results were transitional meningioma 28 (33.3%) patients, atypical 22 (26.2%) patients, meningothelial meningioma 21 (25.0%) patients. Sixty (71.4%) patients had WHO grade I tumor, 22 (26.2%) patients grade II tumor, and 2 (2.4%) patients grade III tumor. Conclusion: Although meningiomas are more common in female patients, grade II and III meningiomas show gender equality. The main goal of surgery is to remove the meningioma completely, including dura and bone if needed. Maximal safe surgical resection should be performed in surgery and preserve the patient's neurological functions.

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The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of urinary and male genital organ tumors has been recently published in 2022. The application of molecular profiling has made a substantial impact on the classification of urologic tumors. The new WHO classification introduces a group of molecularly well-defined renal tumor subtypes. The significant changes include addition of a category of "other oncocytic tumors" with oncocytoma/chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC)-like features, elimination of the subcategorization of type 1/2 papillary RCC, and inclusion of eosinophilic solid and cystic RCC as an independent tumor entity. The WHO/ISUP grading now has been recommended for all RCCs. Major nomenclature changes include replacement of histologic "variants" by "subtypes," "clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma" to "clear cell renal cell tumor," "TCEB1-mutated RCC" to "ELOC-mutated RCC," "hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma" to "fumarate hydratase-deficient RCC," "RCC-Unclassified" to "RCC-NOS," "primitive neuroectodermal tumor" to "embryonic neuroectodermal tumor," "testicular carcinoid" to "testicular neuroendocrine tumor," and "basal cell carcinoma of the prostate" to "adenoid-cystic (basal-cell) carcinoma of the prostate." Metastatic, hematolymphoid, mesenchymal, melanocytic, soft tissue, and neuroendocrine tumors are collectively discussed in separate chapters. It has been suggested that the morphological classification of urothelial cancer be replaced with a new molecular taxonomic classification system., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To investigate staging accuracy of MR for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNETs) and imaging findings according to the tumor grade. Materials and methods: Our study consisted of 39 patients with PNET G1 ( n = 24), PNET G2 ( n = 12), and pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PNEC) ( n = 3). All underwent preoperative MRI. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed MR findings including tumor margin, SI on T2WI, enhancement patterns, degenerative change, duct dilation, and ADC value. They also assessed T-stage, N-stage, and tumor size. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi square tests, ROC analysis, and Fisher's exact test. Results: Specific findings for PNEC or PNET G2 were ill-defined borders ( P = 0.001) and hypo-SI on venous- and delayed-phase ( P = 0.016). ADC value showed significant difference between PNET G1 and G2 ( P = 0.007). The Az of ADC value for differentiating PNET G1 from G2 was 0.743. Sensitivity and specificity were 70% and 86%. Accuracy for T-staging was 77% ( n = 30) and 85% ( n = 33), and for N-staging was 92% ( n = 36) and 87% ( n = 34) with moderate agreement. T-stage showed significant difference according to tumor grade ( P < 0.001), although there was no significant difference in tumor size or N-stage. Conclusion: Ill-defined borders and hypo-SI on venous- and delayed-phase imaging are common findings of higher grade PNET, and ADC value is helpful for differentiating PNET G1 from G2. MR is useful for preoperative evaluation of T-, N-stage. Tumor size of PNET and T-stage showed significant difference according to tumor grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) comprise approximately 10% of all primary brain tumors in dogs. The clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, or both in the presumptive diagnosis of CPTs has not been determined. Objectives: To report MRI and CSF findings in dogs with CPT and determine if there are distinguishing features that allow clinical discrimination between the tumor grades. Animals: Fifty-six client-owned dogs with naturally occurring CPT. Methods: Retrospective case series. The inclusion criterion was histologically confirmed CPT. Blinded review of cranial MRI and cisternal CSF analysis was performed. Results: Thirty-six of 56 dogs had a choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) and 20 had a choroid plexus papilloma (CPP). Golden Retrievers were overrepresented compared with the hospital population (frequency 3.7 times that expected, confidence interval 95%= 2.0–6.7, P < .0002). Median CSF protein concentration in CPCs (108 mg/dL, range 27–380 mg/dL) was significantly higher than in CPPs (34 mg/dL, range 32–80 mg/dL) ( P= .002). Only dogs with CPCs had a CSF protein concentration >80 mg/dL. Cytological evidence of malignancy in CSF was seen in 7 of 15 CPCs. Only CPCs had evidence of intraventricular or subarachnoid metastases on MRI. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: MRI, CSF analysis or both can help to differentiate between CPPs and CPCs, and may provide valuable prognostic and pretreatment information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Meningioma is the most common primary intraspinal nervous system tumor in dogs. Clinical findings, clinicopathologic data, and treatment of these tumors have been reported sporadically, but little information is available regarding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, histologic tumor grade, or efficacy of radiation therapy as an adjunct to cytoreductive surgery. Animals: Dogs with histologically confirmed intraspinal meningiomas (n = 34). Methods: A retrospective study of dogs with intraspinal meningiomas between 1984 and 2006 was carried out. Signalment, historical information, physical examination, clinicopathologic data, radiation therapy protocols, surgery reports, and all available images were reviewed. All tumors were histologically classified and graded as defined by the international World Health Organization classification scheme for central nervous system tumors. Results: Intraspinal mengiomas in dogs are most common in the cervical spinal cord but can be found throughout the neuraxis. Location is correlated with histologic grade, with grade I tumors more likely to be in the cervical region than grade II tumors. Myelography generally shows an intradural extramedullary compressive lesion. On magnetic resonance imaging, the masses are strongly and uniformly contrast enhancing and a dural tail often is present. CSF analysis usually shows increased protein concentration with mild to moderate mixed pleocytosis. Surgical resection is an effective means of improving neurologic status, and adjunctive radiation therapy may lead to an improved outcome. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Biopsy is necessary for definitive diagnosis, but imaging and CSF analysis can suggest a diagnosis of meningioma. Treatment of meningiomas with surgery and radiation therapy can result in a fair to excellent prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intracranial meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors in dogs. Classification of meningiomas by tumor grade and subtype has not been reported, and the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics for predicting tumor subtype and grade has not been investigated. Hypothesis: Canine intracranial meningiomas are a heterogenous group of tumors with differing histological subtypes and grades. Prediction of histopathological classification is possible based on MRI characteristics. Animals: One hundred and twelve dogs with a histological diagnosis of intracranial meningioma. Methods: Retrospective observational study. Results: Meningiomas were overrepresented in the Golden Retriever and Boxer breeds with no sex predilection. The incidence of specific tumor grades was 56% benign (Grade I), 43% atypical (Grade II), and 1% malignant (Grade III). Grade I histological subtypes included meningothelial (43%), transitional (40%), microcystic (8%), psammomatous (6%), and angiomatous (3%). No statistically significant ( P < .05) associations were found among tumor subtype or grade and any of the MRI features studied. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Meningiomas in dogs differ from their counterparts in humans mainly in their higher incidence of atypical (Grade II) tumors observed. MRI characteristics do not allow for prediction of meningioma subtype or grade, emphasizing the necessity of histopathology for antemortem diagnosis. The higher incidence of atypical tumors in dogs may contribute to the poorer therapeutic response in dogs with meningiomas as compared with the response in humans with meningiomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Papillary glioneuronal tumor is a recently described neoplasm composed of gliovascular pseudopapillae associated with intervening neuronal cells ranging from neurocytes to ganglion cells. This tumor is not currently included in the WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system. We describe a new case of papillary glioneuronal tumor and analyze the data for a series of further 15 patients from international literature. A 27-year-old man presented to us for generalized seizure. CT and MRI showed a cystic tumor with mural nodule in the left frontal lobe. Frontal craniotomy with gross total removal of the tumor was performed. Histopathological examination was positive for papillary glioneuronal tumor. The clinical, radiologic, and pathological features of our case are strikingly similar to those of the previous reported cases. A review of the literature disclosed only 15 other cases of these tumors. It is important that every new case of PGNT is reported to allow its recognition and classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]