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This study of the production, representation, and reception of post-colonial advertising in India reveals a politics of consumer respectability. The post-colonial politics of consumer respectability is located at the intersection of center–periphery relations, class divisions, and colorism in a way that it frames neocolonial consumption. Advertisers depict middle-class consumer respectability by asserting Indian nationalism and by degrading the West as a symbol of colonialism. Such depictions are class- and color-based and show under-class and dark-skinned consumers in subordinate positions. Furthering such neocolonial frames of consumption, Indian advertising advances the middle-class desire for Eurocentric modernity by reinforcing the colonial trope of India as temporally lagging behind the West. Finally, middle-class consumer respectability involves a neocolonial whitening of self with epidermalized shaping of inter-corporeality and agency. In uncovering the theoretical implications of advertising as a site of avenging degradation, desiring modernity, and whitening of self, this study contributes by offering insights into how the politics of post-colonial consumer respectability furthers neocolonial frames of consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article commentary highlights the pattern of findings from various projects conducted in the United Kingdom on football fans and in Australia on football, Australian Rules football, and rugby league fans, regarding the extent of fan racism present in each sport. It is from these projects I argue that toxic Whiteness is present in a White dominant society through a practice that locates the characteristics associated with Whiteness (power, privilege, dominance, supremacy, difference) at the top of the racial hierarchy. Although Whites can consciously or unconsciously express or resist engaging in racist behaviour, I argue that expressions of racism that are meant to cause harm or distress to "Other" individuals or groups are at the core of toxic Whiteness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion We use a survey experiment to study what explains white “not in my backyard” opposition (NIMBYism) to dense and affordable housing—racial threat, material self‐interest, or both.In a survey experiment on white U.S. respondents, we vary the presence of a racial prime about black and Latinx community organizations and the proximity of the housing development to the subject's home. We then measure levels of support for a proposed hypothetical housing development, willingness to take political action in support of or opposition to the development, and support for a number of housing‐related and redistributive policies.We find that a racial threat, a material self‐interest threat, and a combined racial and material self‐interest threat decrease support for a proposed housing development. These effects are moderated by racial resentment, ideology, and partisanship such that the effects of the treatments are primarily driven by Republicans, conservatives, and the highly racially resentful. These groups are more threatened than others by either Latinx and black people moving in, the development being in their own neighborhood, or both.These findings indicate that racial and material perceived threats play important and interlocking roles in white Americans’ resistance to multifamily housing being built. In a context where local political institutions empower an unrepresentative group of disproportionately white, economically privileged neighbors to mount opposition to dense housing, it is important to understand how white opposition to new dense housing is shaped by racial and financial concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we assessed the construct validity of the recently published White Racial Affect Scale (Grzanka et al., 2020). Specifically, we assessed the convergent, criterion-related, and incremental evidence for construct validity of the White guilt, White shame, and White defensiveness (called "White negation" in the original article) factors. We used a video stimulus to trigger state guilt and shame in participants as part of the construct validity investigation. White adults in the United States signed up for the study online (N = 262) and watched a 5-min video stimulus and completed questionnaires before and after the video. Results of this study replicated many of the findings from the original White Racial Affect Scale validation study (Grzanka et al., 2020). We found strong evidence of construct validity for the White guilt and White defensiveness factors and mixed evidence for the White shame factor. We discuss directions for future research and implications for potential interventions. Public Significance Statement: This article provides further construct validity evidence for the factors in the White Racial Affect Scale (Grzanka et al., 2020). Possible implications include the need for interventions that address a mix of guilt and shame in White individuals engaging in racial justice work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inequalities related to racial identity are consistently reported across social institutions, not least education, and sport. These inequalities consistently challenge 'post-race' narratives that rationalise racism down to individual prejudices and poor decision-making. This paper presents part of the findings from a wider a twelve-month research project commissioned by British University and Colleges Sport (BUCS) to explore race equality. This wider research privileged the voices of non-White students and staff in an exploration of race and equality in British UK university sport. 'Non-white' was chosen as a race identifier to focus on Whiteness, the normalised, raceless power that reproduces itself both knowingly and unknowingly, to ensure racial 'others' remain subordinate. This paper presents the findings of the student voices. In this study a research team of academic and student researchers explored the experiences of 38 students across five universities. Generating case studies from each university, the data was analysed from an Intersectional and Critical Race Theory perspective. Two core themes relating to negotiating Whiteness were developed from the data analysis which reflected experiences of university sport as predominantly White spaces; 'Play by the Rules' and 'Keep You Guessing'. Racial abuse was subtle, camouflaged in comments and actions that happened momentarily and hence were implausible to capture and evidence. For incidents to be addressed, evidence had to meet a 'beyond doubt' standard. Students were required to consciously negotiate racial bias and abuse to ensure they did not provide a justification for abuse. Navigating racialisation and stereotypes, plus White denial, was additional emotional labour for students. This mechanism of silencing the victim served to normalise racism for both the abused and perpetrator. The conclusion explores potential ways of disrupting these mechanisms of Whiteness in placing students' welfare at the heart of university sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nineteenth-century Victorian travellers in Northeast Asia were consistently captivated by the Ainu people indigenous to the Okhotsk region. In an age characterized by popular adventure fiction in which the trope of discovering a 'lost white tribe' figured prominently, it was perhaps not surprising that the Ainu, who were ethnically distinct from the neighbouring Japanese, would be described as 'white,' 'Caucasian' or 'Aryan' in a large body of travel writing and scientific texts. Why, then, did two of the longest English-language accounts of the Ainu published during this period show no interest in Ainu 'whiteness' and virtually none in questions of racial classification? Published the same year (1893) by two very different men, British-American humanitarian doctor Benjamin Douglas Howard and Italian-British provocateur and artist Henry Savage Landor, these books repeat hackneyed tropes of primitiveness, but remain surprisingly uninterested in explicit questions of race. This is particularly striking in that Landor later included a 'lost white tribe' episode in an account of his travels in the Philippines (1904). This article uses these works to reflect on the social constructedness of racial categorizations even in contexts far removed from their authors' home society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on ethnographic data of an urban school, this paper contrasts how two White female teachers take up the idea of 'teaching for social justice.' Fourth-grade teacher Maestra Rachel enacts a superficial understanding focused solely on curricular topics, while third-grade teacher Maestra Jennifer roots her teaching in an understanding of how students experience racial oppression in school. These cases demonstrate that a praxis of justice attends to curriculum and power, relationships, pedagogy, achievement, and identity. White teachers, specifically, must interrogate the role of Whiteness in their teaching, or they risk engaging in virtue signaling that reproduces injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last several years have been met with increased instances of athlete activism among college athletes. Little research, though, has investigated athlete activism among white college athletes. The present study adopted an interpretive-constructivist approach to conduct semistructured interviews with 12 white college athletes engaging in racial justice activism. Interviews aimed to develop a heightened understanding of the challenges and supports they experienced in their activism. White college athletes cited several challenges to and supports for engaging in racial justice activism. Challenges included resource deficits (e.g., lack of support), intrapersonal concerns (e.g., lack of confidence), and other external threats (e.g., difficulty balancing social justice with preexisting relationships with loved ones). Supports included individual-level support (e.g., advice from others) and institutional-level support (e.g., resources from university administrators). Findings show participants experienced more challenges than supports. Further, some challenges are unique to white athletes including struggles in engaging in racial justice activism with ingroup members (i.e., other white people). Meanwhile, support from universities, mentors, and family members was important to encouraging racial justice activism among the participants. Higher education administrators, sport psychology consultants, and other sport leaders can use this information to empower white college athletes to navigate the challenges associated with engaging in racial justice activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite an emerging mobility of Chinese doctoral students to Malaysia, little is known about how this cohort perceives their study sojourn, especially in relation to a salient yet under-researched discourse widely circulating in the Chinese media that calls into question doctorates obtained from Southeast Asian universities. Utilizing a qualitative method based on 10 Chinese doctoral students, guided by a theoretical framework incorporating Whiteness and agency in mobility, this study unpacks how this cohort understands and addresses the disparaging discourse. Findings reveal that the pejorative discourse is tantamount to a process of stigmatization entrenched in the legacy of Whiteness, which is reinforced by the students' voluntary practice of Whiteness as aspiration, investment, and malleability. Confronting this discourse, the participants established themselves as agentic actors who mobilized collective agency for contestation to rectify the erroneous conception and restore their esteem. This study ends with some implications and future research directions for international student mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study employs a postcolonial critique of the media coverage during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. By using literature on whiteness and Islamophobia and the need for a postcolonial critique, the author analyzes the hegemonic rhetoric surrounding the Ukrainian refugee crisis in comparison to coverage of violence directed toward brown bodies. The study also juxtaposes a postcolonial critique against vernacular readings of how social media users reacted to the attacks. Thus, the goal is to present trajectories for future studies of whiteness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fostering cross-cultural learning is an important component in social work education in Australia. However, cross-cultural learning competencies are often criticized for lacking meaningful engagement with effective decolonial processes. Drawing on a postcolonial perspective, this paper offers a theoretical critique of pedagogical practices that create, sustain, and reinforce racial hierarchy in cross-cultural learning. These practices are discussed within the notions of tokenistic inclusion and racialized nudity that illustrate deficit models of cultural engagement. The paper is underpinned by the argument that a broadly defined and uncritically designed cross-cultural teaching and learning experience runs the risk of perpetuating white supremacy and dominance in social work education. By critiquing tokenistic cross-cultural pedagogical practices, this paper advocates for a re-orientation of social work education where a decolonial approach to knowledge production is embraced within curriculum design with a prioritized focus on the intersection of whiteness and racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an ethnographic examination of race, racialization, and racism among members of a Muslim post-Yugoslav population who have not emigrated – who stayed “in place” – but whose location just outside EU borders has brought people from outside Europe to their community as illegalized migrants along the Balkan Route to the EU. Residents of Bihać and the northwest region of Bosnia–Herzegovina make sense of how racial hierarchies position both them and the migrants, and in turn how racism functions in their society, through overlapping and simultaneously imagined global, regional, and local scales. Distancing from racism based on Bosnia’s specific positioning was common, while local racializing hierarchies such as those that inferiorize the Roma were often understood through frameworks of ethnicity. This made possible a simultaneous identification with “Europe” and whiteness and a distancing from racial thinking and racism as a problem of the “west” even through divergent stances towards migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

#BlackLivesMatter activism is a contemporaneous manifestation of a centuries‐old resistance against anti‐Black racism. This paper analyses diverse perceptions about the #BlackLivesMatter movement's purpose, significance and potential utility in the Australian context. Our analysis of the #BlackLivesMatter highlights how the movement harnessed the power of social media to deploy counternarratives to white supremacy on a global scale through sharing stories of anti‐Black discrimination and making visible the hidden and subtle conditions, practices and attitudes that embolden racial violence. Focussing on Black non‐Indigenous people's understandings of the #BlackLivesMatter movement in Australia, findings reveal that the movement improved racial discourse, raised awareness about the experiences of Black people in Australia and challenged the ‘superdiversity‐ multicultural‐ melting pot’ narrative that often obscures the insidious ways in which white supremacy produces and sustains anti‐Black, colour‐blind everyday racisms. Scepticism about the movement was also raised about the very real risk of the movement being “co‐opted” by whiteness in an attempt to capitalise on its popularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay uses the legal rearticulation of reputation as white heteropatriarchal property in an "Imperial Jim Crow" United States to piece apart the preoccupation with characters' reputations in realist fiction. It focuses on two later-nineteenth-century arenas of what property theorist and legal scholar K-Sue Park has called the "generative dynamics" of racial capitalism: new markets in private commercial credit and the socio-legal (re)production of reputation. In so doing, the essay unearths realism's invisiblized generic presupposition that the idea of reputations that help create modern literary characters are a neutral or self-evident category of experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his memoir Born a Crime and Other Stories (2016), stand-up comedian Trevor Noah, draws on the thematic concerns of his stand-up performances, as he documents his experiences of racial passing in apartheid and then post-apartheid South Africa. Noah's reflections on these experiences of passing are integral to shaping his commentary on how racial identities are constructed and perceived. In this article, I will examine how Noah's racial passing narrative expands upon depictions of and commentaries on race presented within works of South African racial passing memoir writing. As I will demonstrate, Noah's use of elements of humour and imagination in constructing his childhood self's perceptions of the racialized world, positions his persona as one that contrasts that of the tragic mulatto as it is represented in other works of South African racial passing memoir writing. Through this contrast, I will suggest that Noah's memoir challenges the notion that one's identity is restricted and limited by systems of racial categorization by reflecting on how race can, in fact, be interpreted as a site of creative expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a multifaceted exploration of white subjectivity and the social phenomena of whiteness, about which there is a considerable body of psychoanalytic literature spanning decades. Hazel White's "unwound sonnet late on the tide" explores themes of traumatic legacies, family, shame, and mourning. Critical poetic inquiry is used to consider these themes and make links between the poetics of psychoanalytic processes and the psychoanalysis of poetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the mechanisms of white supremacy within digital spaces in relation to the body/embodiment, social justice movements, and the nature and expression of contemporary feminism. New digital political economies work through social media such as Instagram to colonise, disempower and obscure the work of Black feminists in the sphere of fat liberation (re‐framed as 'body positivity'), and in terms of imperatives for self‐care, which have been co‐opted by an emerging online wellness industry. I call to account the pervasiveness of neoliberal logics which are re‐shaping (post)feminism and re‐inscribing white supremacy onto bodies online and offline through 'disciplined whiteness'. This paper explores the mechanisms of white supremacy within digital spaces in relation to the body/embodiment, social justice movements, and the nature and expression of contemporary feminism. New digital political economies work through social media such as Instagram to colonise, disempower, and obscure the work of Black feminists in the sphere of fat liberation (re‐framed as 'body positivity'), and in terms of imperatives for self‐care, which have been co‐opted by an emerging online wellness industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hazing—a form of interpersonal and community violence often minimized and normalized as tradition—can negatively impact students, undercut university missions, and contribute to harmful campus environments. While student hazing is a problem, postsecondary leaders are also grappling with legacies of whiteness and white supremacy that have shaped campus culture, including taken-for-granted norms and traditions. Using Critical Whiteness Studies (CWS) as a framework (Cabrera et al., 2017), this qualitative study explored how perceptions of campus hazing may reflect and contribute to perpetuating white supremacy in a sample of U.S. universities. Across 12 institutions, 7 public and 5 private, 345 individuals—169 staff members, 167 students, and nine alumni—were interviewed, primarily in focus groups, sharing perceptions of campus culture and hazing climate. Tradition, with themes of alumni involvement and influence, pride, and space, is discussed, illuminating how whiteness and white supremacy is reinscribed via campus hazing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the data revolution, academic research and media attention have increasingly focused on the technological adaptation and innovation displayed by the far right. The greatest attention is paid to social media and how groups and organizations are utilizing technological advancement and growth in virtual networks to increase recruitment and advance radicalization on a global scale. As with most social and political endeavors, certain technologies are in vogue and thus draw the attention of users and regulators and service providers. This creates a technological blind spot within which extremist groups frequently operate older and less well regarded technologies without the oversight that one might expect. This article examines the less well-studied traditional and official websites of the Ku Klux Klan, the most established and iconic of American far-right organizations. By incorporating non-participant observation of online spaces and thematic analysis, this research analyzes the evolution of 26 websites, from their emergence in the early 1990s to the present day. We examine the ways in which traditional printed communications and other ephemera have progressed with advances in technology, focusing on the following central elements of Klan political activism and community formation: Klan identity, organizational history, aims and objectives; technology and outreach, including online merchandise and event organization; and the constructions of whiteness and racism. The results add value and insight to comparable work by offering a unique historical insight into the ways in which the Klan have developed and made use of Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web3 technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Julius Shulman's 1960 photograph of Case Study House #22 is one of the most famous architectural images of the twentieth century, yet it has received little critical scrutiny. This article examines Shulman's photograph to demonstrate the ways this iconic image of residential architecture is deeply intertwined in the production and reproduction of ideas about race in the United States. It scrutinizes how such an image may be complicit in the formation of white supremacy and urges architectural historians to recognize that structures that have permitted the harms and violence of racism are everywhere. Moreover, such structures are so deeply embedded, they are frequently unseen by those who use them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze RuPaul's Drag Race: UK vs The World (UKVTW), part of the larger RuPaul's Drag Race franchise—one of the most popular current media representations of queerness. UKVTW features participants from different countries competing to be "Queen of the Mother-Tucking World." We examine the intersection of queerness and whiteness, exploring the tension between national identity, racialization, and drag performance. Building on scholarship about reality TV and authenticity, we argue the series queers conventional notions of authenticity in reality TV by privileging fluid gender identities. Developing the notion of "strategic Westernness" we examine how the series presents a postracial imaginary that obfuscates race by foregrounding nationality: seemingly progressive representations of gender ultimately privilege white and Western participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding how the discourse of terror has adapted to the rise of the far-right nationalist movement, which itself has turned to terroristic methods, is necessary to combatting anti-Muslim racism within contemporary England. In this paper, we examine a curious trial in which a far-right nationalist, convicted under a domestic counter-terrorism statute in England in 2021, was punished with reading canonical English literature. Through analysing this odd choice for a punishment, we introduce the concept of White educability. We argue that the racial knowledge that is circulating in and through this courtroom, and indeed, in and through the discourse of the War on Terror, is that whiteness is educable and Muslimness is not, and therefore that White life is deserving of state protection and Muslim life is, in fact, killable life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited literature considers the role and contribution of bicultural workers in Australia. This article explores how bicultural workers are constructed by social workers within health and human service organisations, through the lens of Whiteness. Eight White social workers participated in this multimethod qualitative study. Data were analysed using a critical approach to narrative analysis. The findings suggest that bicultural workers can be constructed as inferior and of less value than other employees, and as a “resource” to be “used” within organisations. These findings are consistent with previous literature, which highlighted how bicultural workers, or similar, are treated and how they experience workplaces differently to other employees within mainstream White Western organisations. It is concluded that we need to reconstruct the bicultural worker role in a way that meaningfully privileges their expertise, skillset, and diversity. IMPLICATIONSSocial workers’ constructions of bicultural workers appear to relate to what expertise is privileged within the West.Cultural othering of bicultural workers may contribute to diminishing their role and the credibility and capabilities of organisations.Ensuring bicultural workers receive career pathway progression and professional development could help facilitate their repositioning within organisations.Social workers’ constructions of bicultural workers appear to relate to what expertise is privileged within the West.Cultural othering of bicultural workers may contribute to diminishing their role and the credibility and capabilities of organisations.Ensuring bicultural workers receive career pathway progression and professional development could help facilitate their repositioning within organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the experiences of Amazigh people (plural: Imazighen) and how they negotiate ethnoracial hierarchies in the United States. Imazighen are Indigenous peoples from North Africa; upon arrival to the U.S., they are confronted with ethnoracial categories into which they don’t fit neatly, particularly due to their Indigenous status. Drawing on interviews with 75 Imazighen, we explore how they navigate ethnoracial identity through five themes: (1) illegibility in racial appraisal through everyday interactions; (2) navigating pre-existing ethnoracial hierarchies; (3) discourses about being ‘African (American), but not Black,’ which results in ‘lumping’ by geography, but ‘splitting’ by race; (4) discourses about being ‘not Arab,’ which results in ‘splitting’ processes to highlight Indigeneity; and (5) being appraised as Latine and ‘lumped’ through perceived proximity to other racialized groups. This article explores how a categorically ambiguous population grapples with everyday moments of racial appraisal and how they arrive at a sense of reflected race. Because the labels they are accustomed to (e.g. Amazigh or Berber) are illegible in the U.S., they become open to racialization processes, usually in conversation with notions of Arabness and Africanness. Simultaneously, they challenge norms of racial classification, particularly by introducing an Indigenous dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tulathromycin (TUL) is a widely used veterinary antibiotic for treating bovine and porcine respiratory infections. Consuming animal-derived food contaminated with this medication may jeopardize human health. This work adopted the first portable potentiometric platform for direct TUL sensing in pharmaceutical and food products. The sensor employed a plasticized PVC membrane on a glassy carbon electrode doped with calix[6]arene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a single solid contact layer for selective binding and signal stability. Characterization via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the material's integrity. The MWCNT-based sensor produced a stable Nernstian response (1.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−3 M) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.76 × 10–8 M with instantaneous response (8 ± 2 s). IUPAC validation revealed high selectivity for TUL against interfering ions, minimal drift (0.6 mV/h), and functionality over a broad pH range (2.0–7.0), allowing direct application to dosage form, spiked milk, and liver samples. Eco-Scale, AGREE, and Whiteness assessment proved the method's ecological sustainability, economic viability, and practical feasibility, surpassing traditional approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the emergence of the Black Lives Matter movement, a new wave of progressive athlete activism emerged. While a section of sport media members supported these athletes and their causes, a subset of anti-progressive pundits and critics emerged resisting the new wave of politically active Black athletes. I argue that sport media pundits like Clay Travis at Fox Sports represent sport media monetizing white male backlash to “woke” Black athletes. By promoting these voices, these outlets committed to amplifying white male grievance politics and emboldened anti-Black racism in sport media, all while increasing polarization and partisanship, paralleling conservative political news pundits during the Trump era. This essay critically and closely reads and contextualizes the increasingly rightward rhetoric of Travis, explaining how he connects Trumpian rhetoric to sports punditry more broadly and allows major sport media an opportunity to advance overtly conservative, racist, and sexist dialogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whiteness in the US is often conceptualized largely as the absence of a meaningful cultural identity. Research from my own lab suggests that overlooking the nuances inherent in White identity (e.g., differences between ethnic groups) can induce feelings of threat and backlash against multiculturalism among dominant group members. Based on this research, I argue that conceptualizing Whiteness as multifaceted—for example, by acknowledging not only interethnic but also religious and socioeconomic differences—may mitigate dominant group members' threat perceptions and increase their comfort amidst growing discussions of diversity, equity, and inclusion in institutions and organizations. Further, attending to the complexities of White identity may produce more positive intergroup outcomes, such as reduced racial/ethnic prejudice and greater perceived personal contributions to diversity, and may benefit groups that are classified as "White" on demographic forms but often do not perceive themselves as such (e.g., Middle Eastern and North African Americans, Hispanic/Latino[a] Americans). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores a dual dynamic of simultaneous subordination and limited inclusion of Blackness in Latin America, using the example of a 1920s' Argentinian comic strip, "Página del Dólar". The comic's representations of Black people are racist, but also ambivalent and complex. Going beyond common characterisations of the exclusion/inclusion dynamic as a mask of inclusion hiding the reality of exclusion, I argue that the simultaneity and interpenetration of exclusion-plus-inclusion are important for understanding Latin American racial formations. The dynamic works in multiple ways are not fully appreciated in the literature, which emphasises the reproduction of racial hierarchy: as well, it lends specificity to images of the nation; and it provides a moral benchmark for middle classes, especially in relational and ambiguous class and racial locations. The domain of humour is apt for conveying ambivalent meanings, because it provides distance for the reader ("it's just a joke"), while also transmitting important affective charge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rather than a radical new way of entangling space and society fashioned by late capitalism and neoliberalism, gated communities are the latest iteration of a long chain of power mechanisms devised to reproduce racial hierarchies and to defend "proper citizens" against internal and external enemies. Based on ethnographic data produced in Nordelta, one of Latin America's largest gated communities, this article concentrates on a twofold process through which Nordelteños produce their social and physical spaces: first, on the relationships they establish with their surroundings, negating its natural and cultural dimensions, and second, on the different technologies they have deployed to exclude, monitor and sanction the nearby "improper" population. In a country that has never ceased to define its legitimate citizenry upon their own category of "whiteness", this analysis contributes to understand how Argentine gated communities entangle elites, racism and segregation to produce a space of exception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores moments of pedagogical disruption as children from an urban school encountered an exhibition titled "We Change the World" at the National Gallery of Victoria. In conversation with radical traditions of anti-colonial scholarship, we elaborate children's disruptions of the gallery as a space of didactic transfer and common ownership of cultural artifacts and knowledges. We then analyze artworks created by children in the wake of their experiences at the gallery, offering alternative propositions for learning to share the world in ways that break with dominant conceptions of museum education, national collections, and the commons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractA significant amount of criminological research has focused on explaining the overrepresentation of Black individuals in crime, attributing them with disproportionate criminal involvement. However, evidence suggests that the most severe crimes, particularly elite white-collar crime, can be disproportionately attributed to White individuals. This study tests the Theory of Racial Privilege and Offending, which argues that racial dynamics in the United States shape cultural adaptations contributing to white-collar and corporate crime. These adaptations involve cognitive frameworks related to empathy, entitlement, and competition. The findings support the influence of race on financial conditions and racial isolation, mixed support for isolation’s impact on cognitive frameworks linked to criminality, and strong support for the direct impact of cognitive frameworks and crime-specific justifications on offending likelihood. The study concludes with implications for research and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rather than apprehending race or ethnicity as a predetermined social fact that then informs young people's experiences of engagement or inclusion, youth citizenship studies would benefit from more critical perspectives that enable investigation of the racialised construction of what is legible as civic participation or national belonging. Processes of racialisation operate in the production of youth as citizen-subjects in Australian nation-making through approaches in youth policy and research that simultaneously centre and invisibilise whiteness. This paper considers the role of racialisation in ways of knowing and regulating Australian youth as citizens through a critical review of the ways different groups of young people become meaningful and knowable as racialised citizens. It explores the representation and constitution of Indigenous, ethnic minority and white youth citizenship in youth research and policy as in turn non-existent/provisional, integrative/integratable, and vulnerable/healthy, to contribute to deepened understandings of the social construction of youth in the service of white nation-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately two-thirds of Latinx college students attend Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs). Despite the growing number of HSIs, these institutions often fail to result in better educational outcomes and success for Latinx students. As such, more research is needed to explore factors that may hinder HSIs in their ability to support Latinx students. Whiteness—defined as the invasive system of White supremacy that permeates society—is systemically embedded throughout higher educational systems. However, little research has explored the specific ways that whiteness may influence the construction and maintenance of HSIs by senior administrators, staff, and faculty. To address this gap, the present study centered theories from critical whiteness studies (Nayak, 2007) and Garcia's (2018) decolonizing HSIs organizational framework to assess how whiteness operates at a recently designated HSI. We used a critical qualitative case study design that included thematic analysis of 14 student affairs staff, faculty, and senior administrator interviews and document analysis of public-facing institutional materials. Results indicated three predominant themes related to how whiteness is maintained by senior administrators, staff, and faculty, including the rhetoric of all as a tool of White appeasement, the taxation of bodies of people of color, and whiteness through good intentions. The study concludes with recommendations for identifying and disrupting whiteness at HSIs, including specific recommendations at the individual and institutional levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this conceptual article we offer a vision and a manifesto for an anti-racist English education, focusing particularly on language. Locating our work with anti-racist efforts in the UK, we conduct a brief historical reflection of these efforts, before turning our attention to the current politico-economic context and making a case for the urgent need for English teachers and teacher educators to commit to anti-racism within their work. We then outline what contemporary anti-racist efforts in English education might look, sound, and feel like. We argue for a greater attention to intersectional positionalities and activism in English education. We argue for anti-racist language policies which work in dialogue with other broader anti-racist efforts. We argue for the need to pay attention to specific contexts and racialised dynamics of institutions and local communities. We argue for anti-racist pedagogical stances which seek to sustain the language practices of marginalised children. Finally, we end with some clarifications and warn against seeing our manifesto as a reductive, tick-box exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper interrogates the concept of 'sensitivity' in creative writing. While the term appears to be relatively straightforward, the methods writers use to write sensitively differ: some may simply consider the feelings of the group represented, while others may engage with interviews or employ the use of a sensitivity reader. This paper uses complexity theory and critical race and whiteness scholarship to define and theorise how sensitivity is used within the current publishing landscape. It argues that, while writing sensitivity can offer greater opportunities for representation on the page, it can also further reinforce racial hierarchies already present within the publishing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the process of feeling climate injustice. It aims to situate climate distress as an issue of justice, in order to generate more politically accountable and empowering responses. It firstly situates climate anxiety, solastalgia and climate disaster trauma as symptoms of affective climate violence, where harm that could have been prevented was instead consciously and systematically exacerbated by fossil fuelled political regimes. It articulates witnessing as a practice of affective climate justice, an approach that would recognise climate distress as violence, and offer support, apology and redress for this violence, including through seeking to prevent future climate change. However, the second section outlines how, in perverse efforts to maintain fossil fuel interests, climate distress is often further amplified through practices of greenhouse gaslighting – denying, deriding and dismissing people's experiences of harm. Greenhouse gaslighting is outlined as a patriarchal practice of emotional abuse that is enabled by and seeks to perpetuate white-colonial-extractivism. Thirdly, the paper argues that even within progressive circles, current efforts to witness climate distress potentially fail to enact affective climate justice due to discourses that centre whiteness and privilege, rather than recognising and responding to the different and unequal forms of affective climate violence experienced by diverse peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article analyzes ethnic violence prompted by the election of an indigenous president for the first time in Bolivia. Remnants of Nazi discourse of racial purity emerged as ways to undermine and disavow the validity of an indigenous social movement resurgence and renaissance.

Abstract Tulathromycin (TUL) is a widely used veterinary antibiotic for treating bovine and porcine respiratory infections. Consuming animal-derived food contaminated with this medication may jeopardize human health. This work adopted the first portable potentiometric platform for direct TUL sensing in pharmaceutical and food products. The sensor employed a plasticized PVC membrane on a glassy carbon electrode doped with calix[6]arene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a single solid contact layer for selective binding and signal stability. Characterization via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the material’s integrity. The MWCNT-based sensor produced a stable Nernstian response (1.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−3 M) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.76 × 10–8 M with instantaneous response (8 ± 2 s). IUPAC validation revealed high selectivity for TUL against interfering ions, minimal drift (0.6 mV/h), and functionality over a broad pH range (2.0–7.0), allowing direct application to dosage form, spiked milk, and liver samples. Eco-Scale, AGREE, and Whiteness assessment proved the method's ecological sustainability, economic viability, and practical feasibility, surpassing traditional approaches. Graphical Abstract

In contemporary society, visual information is influential, not least when businesses are communicating with potential customers. It represents and influences how people understand phenomena. In sports, much attention is directed toward how media represent elite sports and sport stars. Less attention is directed toward children's sports. The aim of this article is to explore and analyze visual representations of children on sport businesses' websites. The sample contained 697 images of sporting children, on which an interpretative content and discourse analysis was conducted. The study shows that the ideal customer emerging on these sites is a White, physically active, able, and slim boy or girl. Consumer culture seems to reproduce and preserve existing normative frameworks rather than producing alternative norms and ideas in children's sport. Moreover, dilemmatic images of children both as competent and as innocent develop, displaying a childhood that should be both joyful and active but also safeguarded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between property and citizenship by engaging in a genealogy of one property in Portland, Oregon, "Block 16", which details how this property was first enacted and then maintained into the 21st century. The paper foregrounds how normative definitions of liberal subjectivity were applied to Indigenous peoples originally living on this land, as well as valuations of citizenship for marginalised renters and the residents of a homeless encampment "illegally" occupying this property, to justify the dispossession and displacement of the groups using this same plot of land over time. I argue that the spatial enactment and maintenance of private property is contingent upon producing political subjects demarcated as "improper", deviants from the normative or ideal liberal subject and citizen. To highlight how property shapes propriety, the paper engages in landscape analysis to reveal how the social relations producing land as property rely upon representations of impropriety and moral deficit to maintain the ownership model of private property against the historical use values of the land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: There is little to no empirical research on the phenomenon of ways in which the racism of whiteness transpires within the faculties and classrooms of US-based ALA-accredited library and information science (LIS) education programs. We do have scholars publishing meaningful work exploring diversity-equity-inclusion topics and initiatives to evolve the LIS discourse on these issues (Honma, 2005; Chancellor, 2019; De LaRosa et al., 2021; Gibson, 2019; Mehra et al., 2023; Colón-Aguirre et al., 2022; Hands, 2022). This research substantiates the conceptual research that exists by empirically exposing the ways in which the racism of whiteness functions at the interpersonal level of work culture in LIS programs (i.e. the academy) in the US. Design/methodology/approach: Adapting Baima and Sude's (2020) modified Delphi Method, a focus group of 13 BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) library and information science faculty members in the United States were recruited to participate in a one-time 60-min virtual Zoom session. Participants were engaged in three iterative rounds of reflective inquiry to reach a consensus of experience. The study design was embedded with critical race theory-based (CRT) ethnographic methods such as testimony (counterstorytelling), collective affirmation (shared narratives), and silence. Findings: BIPOC LIS faculty (tenure-track and tenured) have similar ideas about whiteness and how it is operationalized as micro- and macro-aggressions in the LIS academic workplace, most significantly inside the classroom. The experience of whiteness was prevalent among all study participants in two areas: workplace meetings with faculty colleagues and classroom sessions (face-to-face and online) with students. Originality/value: The findings offer empirical evidence to support the prolific conceptual literature in LIS discourse concerning ways in which critical race theory (CRT) interrogates LIS's socio-professional injustices and inequities (e.g. Gibson et al., 2018; Stauffer, 2020; Leung and Lopez-McKnight, 2021; Jennings and Kinzer, 2022; Snow and Dunbar, 2022). There remains a dearth of empirical research that reports how whiteness is reproduced in the practices, knowledge, and resources that make up the ethos of the LIS faculty meeting and classroom. Documenting the testimonies of BIPOC LIS faculty solidifies the existence of whiteness as a toxic reality in the LIS academy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin color affects women's self-image, a fact that has long been a consequence of racial discrimination and dominance as well as the prevalence of light-skinned models in modern advertisements and other forms of communication. Although not all women aspire to greater whiteness of complexion, this standard has influenced many countries that were once dominated by white invaders. As multiculturalism infuses developed and developing nations, however, these standards may be shifting away from generic and hegemonic visions toward more realistic and varied standards, requiring international marketers to be proactive rather than reactive in their customer engagement practices under the ethical frame of "perfectionism." To examine this perspective, the authors completed a cross-national qualitative study (in-depth interviews) in India, Egypt, and Ghana, where lightness of skin tone has been a culturally imposed prerequisite for women to be considered (and consider themselves) beautiful. Using customer engagement literature and the ethical perfectionism framework, this study investigates women in these countries who embrace or reject this standard, further contextualizing customer engagement research across international markets. Implications are offered as a way to advance multinational corporations' development of customer engagement along a mutually beneficial path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of coal gangue results in serious environmental pollution, it is urgent and necessary to comprehensive, high value and efficient utilization of coal gangue. The resource utilization of coal gangue by calcination is important. In terms of the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency, the use of sodium salt types and calcination process for coal gangue whitening has been investigated. Raw and calcined coal gangue were thoroughly characterized with respect to phases constituent, microstructures, pore structures and chemical bonds.Based on above investigations, the whitening mechanism and volatile products obtained from sodium chloride calcined coal gangue process were further analyzed by simultaneous thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-Mass spectrometer (TG-FTIR-MS). Results show that after being calcined with sodium chloride at 860 ℃, the whiteness of raw coal gangue was upgraded from 38.5% to 86.0%. All the carbon and pyrite (FeS2) contained in coal gangue was oxidized and correspondingly converted into hematite (Fe2O3) by desulfurization and the total amount of hematite and rutile (TiO2) was reduced to 0.27%. The pore structural characteristics changed little at calcination temperature between 800 and 860 ℃. However, the calcination at 950 ℃ resulted in generation of spherical mullite, and a significant decrease in specific surface area and pore volume from 12.91 m2/g and 0.056 cm3/g for raw coal gangue to 6.58 m2/g and 0.031 cm3/g, respectively. The whiteness increased slightly at calcination time between 30 and 90 min (85.3% to 86.6%). Meanwhile, the whiteness changed little at calcination time between 90 and 150 min (86.6% to 86.7%). The addition of NaCl had little impact on the chemical bonds of calcined coal gangue. The evolution of mineral components in the calcination stage was relatively low, and the main volatile products were H2O, HCl, CO2 and H2S. Moreover, NaCl reacted with SiO2 and H2O to decompose into HCl gas, which removes iron and titanium by the volatilization of the respective chlorides. The chlorinated products escaped from the surface of the material layer and discharged, resulting in a purified and whitened coal gangue.

This is an article in the field of metallurgical engineering. Large production and storage capacity of phosphogypsum has become an important factor restricting the green and healthy development of phosphorus chemical industry. Removing impurity and whitening of phosphogypsum is a necessary way for its high consumption. Analysis results showed that there was still a small amount of black organic matter in the phosphogypsum after removing impurity and desilication by flotation, which affected its whiteness. In the paper, calcination and acid leaching were adopted to treat the phosphogysum. The whiteness of whitened phosphogysum significantly increased from 51.5% to 92.7% at the conditions of calcination temperature 600 ℃, calcination time 70 min, acid leaching time 2 h, sulfuric acid concentration 1.5 mol/L, acid leaching liquid to solid ratio 5∶1 and acid leaching temperature 90 ℃. The whitened phosphogypsum was mainly CaSO4, and contained a small amount of CaSO4·2H2O and CaSO4·0.5H2O. The particles of the whitened phosphogypsum were irregular in shape of 15～20 μm, and the surface was smooth. The study provided a guidance for the comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum with high consumption.

This article is the result of research whose general objective was to present reflections on teaching, race, and gender relations in Brazil from a historical perspective, within the time frame of the feminization of the Brazilian teaching (19th century) to contemporary times. It is important to emphasize that the social places we occupy affect our scientific practices, in agreement with De Certeau (1995). This formulation derives from a theoretical-methodological framework established by author (Souza, 2021), who understands, from her lugar de fala as a light-skinned black woman, the whiteness present among the participants in her master’s research. This concept refers to the experiences of researchers and these experiences involve their cultures, class and gender relations, and who the person is. The article emphasizes the feminine as a norm, contradicting the grammatical norm of Brazilian Portuguese, when it mentions female educators and researchers, to highlight such presence in science. It is a bibliographical investigation in terms of sources, and historical in terms of approach. In conclusion, the embodiment of resistance took place in recognition of its own existence, the light-skinned black female researcher’s place of speech, in addition to the need for female Educators to know the teaching profession in Brazil historically, regarding the feminine gender.