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5. Towards realizing nano-enabled precision delivery in plants

Author

Lowry, Gregory V., Giraldo, Juan Pablo, Steinmetz, Nicole F., Avellan, Astrid, Demirer, Gozde S., Ristroph, Kurt D., Wang, Gerald J., Hendren, Christine O., Alabi, Christopher A., Caparco, Adam, da Silva, Washington, González-Gamboa, Ivonne, Grieger, Khara D., Jeon, Su-Ji, Khodakovskaya, Mariya V., Kohay, Hagay, Kumar, Vivek, Muthuramalingam, Raja, Poffenbarger, Hanna, Santra, Swadeshmukul, Tilton, Robert D., and White, Jason C.

Published
2024
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12. Nanobiotechnology-based strategies for enhanced crop stress resilience

Author

Zhao, Lijuan, Bai, Tonghao, Wei, Hui, Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L, Keller, Arturo, and White, Jason C

Subjects
Nanotechnology, Bioengineering
Abstract

Nanobiotechnology approaches to engineering crops with enhanced stress tolerance may be a safe and sustainable strategy to increase crop yield. Under stress conditions, cellular redox homeostasis is disturbed, resulting in the over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage biomolecules (lipids, proteins and DNA) and inhibit crop growth and yield. Delivering ROS-scavenging nanomaterials to plants has been shown to alleviate abiotic stress. Here we review the current state of knowledge of using ROS-scavenging nanomaterials to enhance plant stress tolerance. When present below a threshold level, ROS can mediate redox signalling and defence pathways that foster plant acclimatization against stress. We find that ROS-triggering nanomaterials, such as nanoparticulate silver and copper oxide, have the potential to be judiciously applied to crop species to stimulate the defence system, prime stress responses and subsequently increase the stress resistance of crops.

Published
2022

30. MoS2 Nanosheets–Cyanobacteria Interaction: Reprogrammed Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism

Author

Chen, Si, Shi, Nibin, Huang, Min, Tan, Xianjun, Yan, Xin, Wang, Aodi, Huang, Yuxiong, Ji, Rong, Zhou, Dongmei, Zhu, Yong-Guan, Keller, Arturo A, Gardea-Torresdey, Jorge L, White, Jason C, and Zhao, Lijuan

Subjects
Life on Land, Carbon, Molybdenum, Nitrogen, Nostoc, transition metal dichalcogenides, nanobio, cell factory, carbon sequestration, metabolic reprograming, carbon fixation, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Abstract

Fully understanding the environmental implications of engineered nanomaterials is crucial for their safe and sustainable use. Cyanobacteria, as the pioneers of the planet earth, play important roles in global carbon and nitrogen cycling. Here, we evaluated the biological effects of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets on a N2-fixation cyanobacteria (Nostoc sphaeroides) by monitoring growth and metabolome changes. MoS2 nanosheets did not exert overt toxicity to Nostoc at the tested doses (0.1 and 1 mg/L). On the contrary, the intrinsic enzyme-like activities and semiconducting properties of MoS2 nanosheets promoted the metabolic processes of Nostoc, including enhancing CO2-fixation-related Calvin cycle metabolic pathway. Meanwhile, MoS2 boosted the production of a range of biochemicals, including sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, and other valuable end products. The altered carbon metabolism subsequently drove proportional changes in nitrogen metabolism in Nostoc. These intracellular metabolic changes could potentially alter global C and N cycles. The findings of this study shed light on the nature and underlying mechanisms of bio-nanoparticle interactions, and offer the prospect of utilization bio-nanomaterials for efficient CO2 sequestration and sustainable biochemical production.

Published
2021

35. Plastics can be used more sustainably in agriculture

Author

Hofmann, Thilo, Ghoshal, Subhasis, Tufenkji, Nathalie, Adamowski, Jan Franklin, Bayen, Stéphane, Chen, Qiqing, Demokritou, Philip, Flury, Markus, Hüffer, Thorsten, Ivleva, Natalia P., Ji, Rong, Leask, Richard L., Maric, Milan, Mitrano, Denise M., Sander, Michael, Pahl, Sabine, Rillig, Matthias C., Walker, Tony R., White, Jason C., and Wilkinson, Kevin J.

Published
2023
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46. Interlacing Properties of Coefficient Polynomials in Differential Operator Representations of Real-Root Preserving Linear Transformations

Author

Cardon, David A., Sorensen, Evan L., and White, Jason C.

Subjects
Mathematics - Complex Variables, Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs, 2020: 33C45, 26C10
Abstract

We study linear transformations $T \colon \mathbb{R}[x] \to \mathbb{R}[x]$ of the form $T[x^n]=P_n(x)$ where $\{P_n(x)\}$ is a real orthogonal polynomial system. Such transformations that preserve or shrink the location of the complex zeros of polynomials is a recent object of study, motivated by the Riemann Hypothesis. In particular, we are interested in linear transformations that map polynomials with all real zeros to polynomials with all real zeros. It is well known that any transformation $T \colon \mathbb{C}[x] \rightarrow \mathbb{C}[x]$ has a differential operator representation $T = \sum_{k = 0}^\infty \frac{Q_k(x)}{k!} D^k$. Motivated by the work of Chasse \cite{Chasse-PhD-2011}, Forg\'acs, and Piotrowski \cite{Forgacs-Piotrowski-Hermite-2015}, we seek to understand the behavior of the transformation $T$ by studying the roots of the $Q_k(x)$. We prove four main things. First, we show that the only case where the $Q_k(x)$ are constant and $\{P_n(x)\}$ are an orthogonal system is that when the $P_n$ form a shifted set of generalized probabilist Hermite polynomials. Second, we show that the coefficient polynomials $Q_k(x)$ have real roots when the $P_n(x)$ are the physicist Hermite polynomials or the Laguerre polynomials. Next, we show that in these cases, the roots of successive polynomials strictly interlace, a property that has not yet been studied for coefficient polynomials. We conclude by discussing the Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials, proving a conjecture of Chasse, and presenting several open problems., Comment: 16 pages. This version improves exposition and corrects several typographical errors

Published
2019

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