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46 results on '"Whipple, Diana L."'

4. Phage infection, transfection and transformation of Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

Author

Foley-Thomas, Ellen M., Whipple, Diana L., Bermudez, Luiz E., and Barletta, Raul G.

Subjects
Bacteriophages -- Research, Mycobacterium -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Initial processes for the genetic manipulation of the pathogens Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were devised. These bacteria were found to be susceptible to the mycobacteriophage TM4, and were thus amenable to transformation by introducing recombinant DNA. Recombinant plasmids introduced in M. avium and M. paratuberculosis can be used to search for individual cells that carry genes for resistance to kanamycin.

Published
1995

5. High-impact animal health research conducted at the USDA’s National Animal Disease Center

Author

Bannantine, J. P., Olsen, Steven C., Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr., Stanton, Thad B., Casas, Eduardo, Whipple, Diana L., Zuelke, Kurt A., Bannantine, J. P., Olsen, Steven C., Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr., Stanton, Thad B., Casas, Eduardo, Whipple, Diana L., and Zuelke, Kurt A.

Abstract

Commissioned by President Dwight Eisenhower in 1958 and opened with a dedication ceremony in December 1961, the USDA, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center (NADC) celebrated its 50-year anniversary in November 2011. Over these 50 years, the NADC established itself among the world’s premier animal health research centers. Its historic mission has been to conduct basic and applied research on selected endemic diseases of economic importance to the U.S. livestock and poultry industries. Research from NADC has impacted control or management efforts on nearly every major animal disease in the United States since 1961. For example, diagnostic tests and vaccines developed by NADC scientists to detect and prevent hog cholera were integral in the ultimate eradication of this costly swine disease from the U.S. Most major veterinary vaccines for critical diseases such as brucellosis and leptospirosis in cattle, porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (PRRS), porcine parvovirus and influenza in swine had their research origins or were developed and tested at the NADC. Additional discoveries made by NADC scientists have also resulted in the development of a nutritional approach and feed additives to prevent milk fever in transition dairy cattle. More recently, NADC’s archive of historic swine influenza viruses combined with an established critical mass of influenza research expertise enabled NADC researchers to lead an effective national research response to the pandemic associated with the novel 2009 H1N1 influenza virus. This review commemorates some of the key animal health contributions in NADC’s first 50 years, recaps the newly completed modernization of the center into new facilities, and offers highlights of the ongoing research that will define NADC’s mission going forward.

Published
2013

20. BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN FREE-RANGING CARNIVORES FROM MICHIGAN

Author

Bruning-Fann, Colleen S., primary, Schmitt, Stephen M., additional, Fitzgerald, Scott D., additional, Fierke, Jean S., additional, Friedrich, Paul D., additional, Kaneene, John B., additional, Clarke, Kathy A., additional, Butler, Kelly L., additional, Payeur, Janet B., additional, Whipple, Diana L., additional, Cooley, Thomas M., additional, Miller, Janice M., additional, and Muzo, Darian P., additional

Published
2001
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27. Mycobacterium bovis in Coyotes from Michigan

Author

Bruning-Fann, Colleen S., primary, Schmitt, Stephen M., additional, Fitzgerald, Scott D., additional, Payeur, Janet B., additional, Whipple, Diana L., additional, Cooley, Thomas M., additional, Carlson, Thomas, additional, and Friedrich, Paul, additional

Published
1998
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38. Role of CD8+and WC‐1+γ/δ T cells in resistance to Mycobacterium bovisinfection in the SCID‐bo mouse

Author

Smith, Ruth A., Kreeger, John M., Alvarez, Antonio J., Goin, Jessica C., Davis, William C., Whipple, Diana L., and Estes, D. Mark

Abstract

The role of various effector T cell populations in the bovine immune response to Mycobacterium bovisinfection is poorly understood. This is largely due to the difficulties associated with performing in vivochallenge studies in the natural host species. In this report, we utilized a fetal bovine‐severe combined immunodeficient (SCID‐bo) xenochimeric mouse model to study the protective role of two putative effector cell types, CD8+T cells and a subpopulation of γ/δ T cells that express WC‐1, a member of the cysteine‐rich scavenger receptor superfamily (CRSR). We demonstrate that CD8+T cells play a key role in protection and contribute substantially to bovine IFN‐γ mRNA levels at 30 days post‐infection. The role of WC‐1 bearing cells to protection was less definitive but our results suggest that this population may play a pivotal role early in infection. Granuloma architecture was altered in anti‐WC‐1 (ILA29) but not anti‐CD8 (ILA51) ‐treated animals, suggesting that this population may be involved in recruitment of various cell types to sites of infection. J. Leukoc. Biol.65: 28–34; 1999.

Published
1999
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40. Comparison of a Commercial DNA Probe Test and Three Cultivation Procedures for Detection of Mycobacterium Paratuberculosisin Bovine Feces

Author

Whipple, Diana L., Kapke, Paul A., and Andersen, Phil R.

Abstract

Diagnosis of paratuberculosis using the IDEXX DNA probe test and 3 methods for cultivation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from fecal specimens were compared. Twenty-one of 170 fecal specimens were DNA probe test positive, whereas 35 specimens were positive by 1 or more of the cultivation methods evaluated. Four specimens were DNA probe test positive but were negative by fecal culture. The probe test detected M. paratuberculosisDNA in 62.9% of the specimens positive by a sedimentation culture method, in 56.6% of those positive by a centrifugation culture method, and in 65.4% of the specimens positive by the Cornell culture method. Specificity of the DNA probe test was approximately 97% relative to all culture methods. Generally, the probe test detected M. paratuberculosisDNA in fecal specimens from animals shedding at least 104M. paratuberculosis colony forming units per gram of feces. Although the probe test did not detect all of the cattle shedding M. paratuberculosis, it was possible to identify cattle shedding the greatest number of organisms in 3 days compared with a minimum of 6 weeks required for positive culture results. The centrifugation method resulted in the most isolations of M. paratuberculosisafter 12 weeks of incubation. However, contamination also was greatest when the centrifugation method was used. Contamination was best controlled using the Cornell method. The sedimentation method was the least time consuming and yielded results similar to those of the other 2 methods.

Published
1992
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41. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Mycobacterium BovisIsolates from Captive and Free-Ranging Animals

Author

Whipple, Diana L., Clarke, P. Ryan, Jarnagin, Jerald L., and Payeur, Janet B.

Abstract

Mycobacterium bovisisolates from cattle, captive elk, and free-ranging mule deer and coyotes were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. DNA extracted from each isolate was digested with restriction endonucleases AluI and PvuII. DNA probes used for Southern hybridizations were a 37-base oligonucleotide and a 123-base–pair sequence specific for the insertion sequence IS6110and a plasmid, pTBN12, which contains a polymorphic GC-rich repetitive sequence present in several species of mycobacteria. Generally, M. bovisisolates originating from a single herd of either cattle or captive elk had identical RFLP patterns, whereas isolates from unrelated sources had distinct patterns. The RFLP patterns for M. bovisisolates from free-ranging mule deer and coyotes were identical to patterns observed for isolates from a captive elk herd that was located in the area where the free-ranging animals were found. These results indicate that the captive elk herd may have been the source of M. bovisthat infected the free-ranging animals. Results of this study show that RFLP analysis is a useful tool for differentiation of M. bovisisolates and for molecular epidemiology studies to determine possible sources of infection in outbreaks of tuberculosis in animals.

Published
1997
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45. Using White-tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) in Infectious Disease Research.

Author

Palmer MV, Cox RJ, Waters WR, Thacker TC, and Whipple DL

Subjects
Animals, Animals, Wild, Biomedical Research, Containment of Biohazards veterinary, Female, Male, Animal Husbandry, Deer classification, Mycobacterium bovis physiology, Tuberculosis veterinary
Abstract

Between 1940 and 2004, more than 335 emerging infectious disease events were reported in the scientific literature. The majority (60%) of these events involved zoonoses, most of which (72%) were of wildlife origin or had an epidemiologically important wildlife host. Because this trend of increasing emerging diseases likely will continue, understanding the pathogenesis, transmission, and diagnosis of these diseases in the relevant wildlife host is paramount. Achieving this goal often requires using wild animals as research subjects, which are vastly different from the traditional livestock or laboratory animals used by most universities and institutions. Using wildlife in infectious disease research presents many challenges but also provides opportunities to answer questions impossible to address by using traditional models. Cervid species, especially white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), elk (Cervus canadensis), and red deer (Cervus elaphus), are hosts or sentinels for several important pathogens, some of which are zoonotic. The long history of infectious disease research using white-tailed deer, conducted at ever-increasing levels of sophisticated biosecurity, demonstrates that this type of research can be conducted safely and that valuable insights can be gained. The greatest challenges to using wildlife in infectious disease research include animal source, facility design, nutrition, animal handling, and enrichment and other practices that both facilitate animal care and enhance animal wellbeing. The study of Mycobacterium bovis infection in white-tailed deer at the USDA's National Animal Disease Center serves to illustrate one approach to address these challenges.

Published
2017

46. Evaluation of an in vitro blood-based assay to detect production of interferon-gamma by Mycobacterium bovis-infected white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

Author

Palmer MV, Waters WR, Whipple DL, Slaughter RE, and Jones SL

Subjects
Animals, Concanavalin A pharmacology, Deer blood, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Female, Male, Phytohemagglutinins pharmacology, Pokeweed Mitogens pharmacology, Tuberculin pharmacology, Tuberculosis blood, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Tuberculosis immunology, Deer immunology, Deer microbiology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay veterinary, Interferon-gamma biosynthesis, Interferon-gamma blood, Mycobacterium bovis, Tuberculosis veterinary
Abstract

Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in captive Cervidae was identified as an important disease in the United States in 1990 and prompted the addition of captive Cervidae to the USDA Uniform Methods and Rules for eradication of bovine tuberculosis. As well, M. bovis infection was identified in free-ranging white-tailed deer in northeast Michigan in 1995. Tuberculosis in both captive and free-ranging Cervidae represents a serious challenge to the eradication of M. bovis infection from the United States. Currently, the only approved antemortem tests for tuberculosis in Cervidae are the intradermal tuberculin skin test and the blood tuberculosis test (BTB). At present, the BTB is not available in North America. Tuberculin skin testing of Cervidae is time-consuming and involves repeated animal handling and risk of injury to animals and humans. This study evaluated the potential of a new blood-based assay for tuberculosis in Cervidae that would decrease animal handling, stress, and losses due to injury. In addition, a blood-based assay could provide a more rapid diagnosis. Twenty 6-9-month-old white-tailed deer, male and female, were experimentally inoculated by instillation of 300 colony-forming units of M. bovis in the tonsillar crypts. Seven, age-matched uninfected deer served as controls. Blood was collected on days 90, 126, 158, 180, 210, 238, 263, and 307 after inoculation and was analyzed for the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in response to incubation with M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPDb), M. avium PPDa, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), or media alone. Production of IFN-gamma in response to PPDb was significantly greater (P < 0.05) at all time points in samples from M. bovis-infected deer as compared with uninfected control deer, whereas IFN-gamma production to PWM did not differ significantly between infected and control deer. Measurement of IFN-gamma production to PPDb may serve as a useful assay for the antemortem diagnosis of tuberculosis in Cervidae.

Published
2004
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