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1. Condensed Matter Systems Exposed to Radiation: Multiscale Theory, Simulations, and Experiment

Author

Solov'yov, Andrey V., Verkhovtsev, Alexey V., Mason, Nigel J., Amos, Richard A., Bald, Ilko, Baldacchino, Gérard, Dromey, Brendan, Falk, Martin, Fedor, Juraj, Gerhards, Luca, Hausmann, Michael, Hildenbrand, Georg, Hrabovský, Miloš, Kadlec, Stanislav, Kočišek, Jaroslav, Lépine, Franck, Ming, Siyi, Nisbet, Andrew, Ricketts, Kate, Sala, Leo, Schlathölter, Thomas, Wheatley, Andrew, and Solov'yov, Ilia A.

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Biological Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

This paper reviews the new highly interdisciplinary research field studying the behavior of condensed matter systems exposed to radiation. The paper highlights several relevant examples of recent advances in the field and provides a roadmap for the development of the field in the next decade. Condensed matter systems exposed to radiation may have very different natures, being inorganic, organic or biological, finite or infinite, be composed of many different molecular species or materials, existing in different phases (solid, liquid, gaseous or plasma) and operating under different thermodynamic conditions. The essential and novel element of this research is that, despite the vast diversity of such systems, many of the key phenomena related to the behavior of irradiated systems (such as radiation-induced damage, mechanisms of damage repair and control, radiation protection, etc.) are very similar and can be understood based on the same fundamental theoretical principles and computational approaches. One of the essential features of the aforementioned phenomena concerns their multiscale nature as the manifestation of the radiation-induced effects occurring at different spatial and temporal scales ranging from the atomic to the macroscopic. The multiscale nature of the effects and similarity of their manifestation in systems of different origins necessarily brings together different disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, biology, materials and nano-science, and biomedical research, demonstrating numerous interlinks and commonalities between them. This research field is highly relevant to many novel and emerging technologies and medical applications., Comment: Roadmap paper; 376 pages, 32 figures. Submitted to Chemical Reviews

Published
2023
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7. Anisotropic Heterobimetallic Nanomaterials with Controlled Composition for Efficient Oxygen Reduction at Ultralow Loading.

Author

Ming, Siyi, Cobb, Samuel J., Rahaman, Motiar, Sammy, Nicholas, Reisner, Erwin, and Wheatley, Andrew E. H.

Subjects
BIMETALLIC catalysts, OXYGEN reduction, TRANSITION metals, ELECTRODE performance, CLEAN energy, FUEL cells
Abstract

Hydrogen fuel cells represent a leading technology in developing green energy targeting net‐zero emissions goals by mid‐century. However, the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have hitherto demanded substantial quantities of expensive platinum (Pt) group metals. Advances in catalyst design, including the controllable fabrication of highly branched morphologies to increase the surface area‐to‐volume ratio, intermixing Pt with more affordable transition metals, and controlling composition, offer solutions that can further enhance activity and reduce expense. In this context, Pt/M (M = Fe, Ni, Co) nanopods and nanodendrites with precise composition control using more affordable starting materials are designed and crafted. The method is highly efficient, taking only 30 min and avoiding the need for high‐pressure equipment, making it highly scalable. These catalysts show superior ORR performance at an electrode loading as low as 0.0022 mgPt cm−2. One, nanodendritic Pt/Ni, achieves a mass activity of 0.55AmgPt−1$ \rm {0.55}\, {A\, mg}_{Pt}^{-1} $ at 0.9 V versus RHE, making it 87 times more efficient in terms of Pt‐content than a commercial 10 wt% Pt/C nanoparticle standard. These findings provide new opportunities for developing next‐generation, cost‐efficient Pt‐based catalysts, by potentially advancing hydrogen fuel cell technology through performance enhancement and addressing cost challenges through catalyst design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Condensed Matter Systems Exposed to Radiation: Multiscale Theory, Simulations, and Experiment

Author

Solov’yov, Andrey V., primary, Verkhovtsev, Alexey V., additional, Mason, Nigel J., additional, Amos, Richard A., additional, Bald, Ilko, additional, Baldacchino, Gérard, additional, Dromey, Brendan, additional, Falk, Martin, additional, Fedor, Juraj, additional, Gerhards, Luca, additional, Hausmann, Michael, additional, Hildenbrand, Georg, additional, Hrabovský, Miloš, additional, Kadlec, Stanislav, additional, Kočišek, Jaroslav, additional, Lépine, Franck, additional, Ming, Siyi, additional, Nisbet, Andrew, additional, Ricketts, Kate, additional, Sala, Leo, additional, Schlathölter, Thomas, additional, Wheatley, Andrew E. H., additional, and Solov’yov, Ilia A., additional

Published
2024
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14. Enhancing Drug Delivery Efficacy Through Bilayer Coating of Zirconium-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks: Sustained Release and Improved Chemical Stability and Cellular Uptake for Cancer Therapy

Author

Liu, Xiewen, primary, Obacz, Joanna, additional, Emanuelli, Giulia, additional, Chambers, Joseph E., additional, Abreu, Susana, additional, Chen, Xu, additional, Linnane, Emily, additional, Mehta, Joshua P., additional, Wheatley, Andrew E. H., additional, Marciniak, Stefan J., additional, and Fairen-Jimenez, David, additional

Published
2024
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16. Synthesis of a fullerene-based one-dimensional nanopolymer through topochemical transformation of the parent nanowire

Author

Geng, Junfeng, Solov'yov, Ilia A, Reid, David G., Skelton, Paul, Wheatley, Andrew E. H., Solov'yov, Andrey V., and Johnson, Brian F. G.

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics, Physics - Atomic and Molecular Clusters
Abstract

Large-scale practical applications of fullerene (C60) in nanodevices could be significantly facilitated if the commercially-available micrometer-scale raw C60 powder were further processed into a one-dimensional (1D) nanowire-related polymer displaying covalent bonding as molecular interlinks and resembling traditional important conjugated polymers. However, there has been little study thus far in this area despite the abundant literature on fullerene. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of such a C60-based nanowire polymer, (-C60TMB-)n, where TMB=1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, which displays a well-defined crystalline structure, exceptionally large length-to-width ratio and excellent thermal stability. The material is prepared by first growing the corresponding nanowire through a solution phase of C60 followed by a topochemical polymerization reaction in the solid state. Gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance evidence is provided for the nature of the covalent bonding mode adopted by the polymeric chains. Theoretical analysis based on detailed calculations of the reaction energetics and structural analysis provides an in-depth understanding of the polymerization pathway. The nanopolymer promises important applications in biological fields and in the development of optical, electrical, and magnetic nanodevices., Comment: 30 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables

Published
2009
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17. Manipulating morphology and composition in colloidal heterometallic nanopods and nanodendrites

Author

Ming, Siyi, Wheatley, Andrew EH, Ming, Siyi [0000-0001-8886-7722], Wheatley, Andrew EH [0000-0002-2624-6063], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
3403 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry, 34 Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, 40 Engineering
Abstract

Branched Pt nanoparticles represent an exciting class of nanomaterials with high surface areas suitable for applications in electrocatalysis. Introducing a second metal can enhance performance and reduce cost. External factors such as capping agents and temperature have been used to offer insights into nanopod formation and to encourage their kinetic evolution. More recently, nanodendrites have been reported, though synthesis has generally been empirical; making controlled variation of morphology while maintaining bimetallic composition an elusive target. We report the combination of Pt with Fe under a range of conditions, yielding individually bimetallic nanoparticles whose construction sheds new light on nanopod and/or nanodendrite formation. Fine control of metal precursor reduction through modulating capping agents, reagents, and temperature initially directs nanopod synthesis. Morphology control is retained while composition is then varied from Pt-rich to Pt-poor. Additionally, conditions are identified that promote the collision-based branching of nanopod arms. This allows synthesis to be redirected for the selective growth of compositionally controlled nanodendrites in predictable fashion.

Published
2023
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25. Plasma Cocaine Metabolite Levels and Liver CYP450 3A4 Isoenzyme Activity as Indicators of Cocaine Metabolism in Rats Treated With Salako Supplements

Author

Gardner, Natwaine Sherune, primary, Luke, Kedon J. S., additional, Wheatley, Andrew O., additional, De La Haye, Winston, additional, Bahado-Singh, Perceval Steven, additional, Dilworth, Lowell L., additional, McGrowder, Donovan A., additional, Barton, Everard, additional, Young-Martin, Lauriann E., additional, Salako-Akande, Ajibeke, additional, Lowe, Henry, additional, Morrison, Errol, additional, Eldermire-Shearer, Denise, additional, and Asemota, Helen, additional

Published
2019
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42. Temperature dependent fabrication of various rod and rhombohedral-shaped mesoporous Co3O4 crystals and their capability towards elimination of toxic Cr(VI) ions from the aquatic environment.

Author

Sengupta, Utsav, Mukherjee, Ankita, Periyasamy, Muthaimanoj, Mukhopadhyay, Sudipta, Jenkinson, Kellie J., Wheatley, Andrew E. H., and Kar, Arik

Subjects
CHROMIUM ions, HETEROGENEOUS catalysts, CRYSTALS, WASTEWATER treatment, ADSORPTION capacity, IONS, WASTE recycling
Abstract

Currently, wastewater treatment is a vital environmental concern as it is a huge challenge for people to live healthy lives. Consequently, legislation aimed at ensuring the removal of toxic effluents from wastewater is becoming increasingly stringent, making the development of more efficient nanomaterials that can safely degrade toxic effluents a crucial challenge for chemists in the 21st century. Despite widespread investigations to this topic, the design of an efficient system remains a key challenge. Herein we advance the prior art by designing phase pure mesoporous Co3O4 through a simple co-precipitation method followed by annealing. Mesoporous cylindrical rods and non-porous rhombohedral shaped Co3O4 crystals are structured at lower and higher annealing temperatures, respectively. The as-synthesized Co3O4 is subjected to several microscopic and spectroscopic analyses. The XRD and SAED patterns and XPS studies verified the creation of the cubic phase and TEM analysis substantiated the formation of cylindrical rod and rhombohedral shaped Co3O4 crystals. The as-designed rod-shaped Co3O4 crystals show much higher adsorption capacity (>127 mg g−1), uptake capacity and Cr(VI) removal efficiency (∼93%) at a neutral pH compared to their higher temperature analogues. The as-synthesized materials were applied for the successful degradation of Cr(VI) ions and the results were compared with the results of other literature reports. From recyclability tests, we confirmed that the most efficient catalyst can be straightforwardly collected after the reaction and can be reused several times with a negligible loss of catalytic efficiency. By adjusting different reaction parameters such as pH and the concentration of the adsorbent and adsorbate, the adsorption properties of the catalyst can be controlled. With the help of some theoretical models which are based on kinetic and equilibrium data, a feasible mechanism for the Cr(VI) removal process using Co3O4 is also suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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48. Optimal dosage determination of a hypocholesterolemic bitter yam proprietary preparation in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mice

Author

Stennett, Dewayne, Wheatley, Andrew, Dilworth, Lowell, Asemota, Helen, Stennett, Dewayne, Wheatley, Andrew, Dilworth, Lowell, and Asemota, Helen

Abstract

Coronary heart disease, a condition associated with dyslipidemias including hyperlipidemia and low HDL-C levels, has been an increasing problem in the developing world. Conventional treatment for hyperlipidemia often present with unfavourable side effects, leading to the need for development of drugs from natural products. The hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic properties of the Jamaican bitter yam have previously been demonstrated however consumption at a high dosage presents with various adverse effects. This study is therefore geared towards the determination of an optimal dosage for the consumption of a proprietary preparation made from this yam species. Hypercholesterolemic mice were fed the preparation at various dosages (4, 2, 1, 0.5%) for 3 weeks after which they were phlebotomized then euthanized. Organs were stored at -80°C until required for analysis. The optimal dosage for supplementation, which resulted in significant decreases in serum cholesterol and oxidative stress without eliciting adverse effects, was found to be 2%. The results from this study points to the need for future in-depth studies involving dietary supplementation at the 2% supplementation level.&nbsp

Published
2022

49. A reusable catalyst based on CuO hexapods and a CuO-Ag composite for the highly efficient reduction of nitrophenols

Author

Zhang, Nannan, Meng, Yuxi, Ning, Yuxue, Wheatley, Andrew EH, Chai, Fang, Wheatley, Andrew EH [0000-0002-2624-6063], Chai, Fang [0000-0003-1855-0839], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
34 Chemical Sciences
Abstract

The enormous and urgent need to explore cost-effective catalysts with high efficiency has always been at the forefront of environmental protection and remediation research. This work develops a novel strategy for the fabrication of reusable CuO-based non-noble metal nanomaterials as high-efficiency catalysts. We report a facile and eco-friendly synthesis of CuO hexapods and CuO-Ag composite using uric acid as a reductant and protectant. Both exhibited high catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) by sodium borohydride (NaBH4), with the CuO-Ag composite showing superior catalytic performance. Notably, the highest turnover frequency of CuO-Ag reached 7.97 × 10-2 s-1, which was much higher than numerous noble-metal nanomaterials. In addition, CuO hexapods and CuO-Ag composite were also shown to act as highly efficient and recyclable catalysts in the degeneration of 4-NP. Both CuO hexapods and the CuO-Ag composite exhibited outstanding catalytic durability, with no significant loss of activity over more than 10 cycles in the hydrogenation of 4-NP.

Published
2021

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