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Nos dias que correm, a utilização de aplicações de mensagens instantâneas assume um papel cada vez mais presente no quotidiano dos indivíduos, mesmo em contexto profissional. Essa utilização crescente acarreta benefícios, mas também algumas consequências que muitas vezes passam despercebidas ao próprio colaborador. O presente estudo pretendeu verificar se a utilização da aplicação de menagens instantâneas WhatsApp para assuntos relacionados com o trabalho contribui para o aumento do stress nos indivíduos e para a insatisfação destes com o seu trabalho. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário ao qual responderam 149 trabalhadores. No que diz respeito à primeira hipótese colocada, os resultados obtidos indicam que quer a sobrecarga de trabalho, quer o conflito trabalho-família, se relacionam positivamente com o stress, sendo que todas as variáveis dizem respeito à utilização do WhatsApp. Relativamente à segunda hipótese, verificou-se que a sobrecarga de trabalho e o conflito trabalho-família contribuem para a insatisfação com o trabalho. No que concerne à terceira hipótese, os resultados demonstraram que o stress sentido pelos indivíduos contribui para a sua insatisfação com o trabalho. Por último, na quarta hipótese proposta, confirmou-se a relação de mediação existente no modelo de pesquisa, isto é, o stress como mediador da relação entre a sobrecarga de trabalho e o conflito trabalho-família e a insatisfação com o trabalho. These days, the use of instant messaging applications is becoming more and more present in the daily life of individuals, even in a professional context. This growing use brings benefits, but also some consequences that often go unnoticed by the employee himself. This study aimed to verify whether the use of WhatsApp instant messaging for work-related subjects contributes to the increase of stress on individuals and their dissatisfaction with their work. The data were collected through a questionnaire answered by 149 workers. Regarding to the first hypothesis, the results obtained indicate that both work overload and work-family conflict are positively related to stress, with all the variables relating to the use of WhatsApp. As regards the second hypothesis, it was found that work overload and work-family conflict contribute to dissatisfaction with work. As regards the third hypothesis, the results showed that stress felt by individuals contributes to their dissatisfaction with work. Finally, the fourth hypothesis proposed confirmed the mediation relationship existing in the research model, i.e. stress as a mediator in the relationship between work overload and work-family conflict and dissatisfaction with work. more...

During the Covid-19 pandemic, there was a very significant change in student teaching and learning methods.The government policy requires that almost all activities including learning activities at school be eliminated and replaced with online schools. One of the most used applications for learning in this pandemic era is WhatsApp. The general objective of this research is to conduct a comparative study on the use of the WhatsApp application as a learning application during the Covid-19 pandemic in elementary and junior high school students in English. While the specific purpose of this research is to find out the strengths and weaknesses as well as the constraints of using WhatsApp as a learning application. The research method used is through field observations using qualitative descriptive methods and also interview techniques to several elementary and junior high school students in the research environment. This is interesting to research further based on direct observations of researchers on the use of WhatsApp on school students directly. This study assumes that the advantages and disadvantages of the learning process using WhatsApp will be found for both elementary school students and junior high school students. That elementary school finds difficulty in using WhatsApp for learning. Because some of the elementary students are still not fluent in reading. Junior high school learners assume that learning by WhatsApp is efficient but still not comparable to face-to-face meetings. The research implications are as follows: that the students would be able to learn easily by using WhatsApp as a learning application. The teacher Would find another method that enhances the understanding of the students besides using WhatsApp by necessity. more...