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Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. The Catalyst Centre helps transform the University of Guelph's research into innovations that make an impact on society. We work with faculty, staff and students to protect their intellectual property and maximize its potential economic, social and environmental benefits. These innovations help create jobs, protect the environment, and improve quality of life in Guelph-Wellington, Canada and the world. At this year's “What We Know” event we are showcasing 3 innovative products and services that were made possible by University of Guelph researchers, including: 1) the world's first certified 100% compostable single serve coffee pod, 2) an award winning variety of asparagus that thrives in Canadian climates, and 3) a tool that helps farmers naturally boost the immune systems of their cattle.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Food waste in Canada is estimated to amount to $31 billion, with approximately half of this wastage occurring in households (Gooch & Felfel, 2014). The desire for food waste reduction has become more pronounced in Canadian policy arenas. As such, it is important to gain primary knowledge of the dynamics within the household, in order to contribute to theory-building in the emerging field of food waste studies. This research uses adapted photovoice interviews with 22 households in Guelph to give insight into moments of transition between food and waste from the perspectives of households. The study documents these moments of transition between food and waste; explores relationships between food and wasting behaviours in the household; and makes connections between household food waste and systemic and institutional forces. This study suggests that more creative and effective solutions to the food waste problem will emerge from rethinking household food waste generation.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Globally, there are challenges in recognizing preconception health (PCH) risk factors and their impact on maternal, child and family health. To address these challenges locally, Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Public Health (WDGPH) conducted a literature review, environmental scan and community survey. This led to the creation of a patient-driven electronic PCH risk assessment tool called My Health eSnapshot. Through partnerships established between public health and primary care, My Health eSnapshot was studied across seven primary care locations in the WDGPH area in 2016. The purpose of the research was to determine whether or not a patient-driven electronic PCH risk assessment tool, for use during healthcare provider visits, would increase PCH knowledge and behaviour change among women of reproductive age (15-49 years). To study My Health eSnapshot, a technology based approach was used to support the implementation of a three part model which involves the patient completing the tool on a tablet in a healthcare provider's office with results automatically integrated into their electronic medical record; discussing results with the patient's healthcare provider; and receiving a customized patient handout. WDGPH conducted an evaluation to assess if this model led to increases in PCH knowledge and behaviour change among women of reproductive age, and also explored the model's interest and sustainability from the patient and primary care perspectives.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. The majority of mid- to large-sized municipalities recognize the importance of planning for the future of their urban forest. Urban forest management plans (UFMPs) are the defining documents behind urban forest management; they provide strategic direction and operational guidance for municipalities to manage their urban forest. They also outline future urban canopy goals for municipalities. Canopy cover is used as one of many indicators of urban forest management success. This study developed a spatial form model to determine whether the City of Guelph's UFMP (2012) canopy cover target of 40% is achievable given various planning considerations. The model used a geographic information system (ArcGIS 10.2) and leaf-on SPOT 6 satellite imagery to determine existing land covers, and it applied a variety of spatial analysis tools to land cover data and existing infrastructure to determine the spatial extent and/or quantity of a variety of urban forest metrics. Results found that a 40% canopy cover is achievable in Guelph if 52% of the available plantable space becomes canopy cover. Industrial and employment, institutional, low-density residential, commercial, and park land should be targeted for future planting efforts due to their large plantable space areas and/or low relative canopy cover. This study can now be used as a spatial guide to show where plantable spaces exist and what areas should be targeted for future planting. It also shows where the City's existing canopy cover, and other land covers, exist.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Global warming significantly impacts the persistence of species, food web dynamics, habitat characteristics and ecosystem services. As ambient temperature increases, one of the most observed consequences are changes in individual sizes. These shifts in body size impact both individual species capacity as well as the broader environment. In a structured aquatic community, species often have a size-specific ingestion capacity, and their survival and their number of offspring are highly size-dependent. To understand the mechanisms behind the shifts in body size and to project future population trends, researchers experiment with water flea Daphnia magna in the Limnotron Facility, the world's largest freshwater mesocosm. The purpose of the project is to understand how increases in water temperature affect the population size structure of daphnia. A projection model will be constructed to predict daphnia population trends and to examine how these changes impact population dynamics. Specifically, researchers are working with six tanks with the capacity to each hold 26,000L of water. Three tanks are set at 15oC while the other three are at 25oC. For each temperature treatment, one tank with be filled only with Chlorella vulgaris, a species acting as the water flea primary food source, and 2 tanks with receive both the water flea Daphnia magna and the Chlorelia vulgaris.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Rural Ontario is in a constant state of change, as economic, environmental and political pressures impact the viability and resilience of many rural communities. Agricultural areas, in particular, are often negatively impacted by such changes, as this land may be more valuable for development purposes. Farmland is often converted to residential, commercial or aggregate land uses, significantly impacting the viability of the agricultural industry. However, the actual amount of farmland lost to non-farm land uses is not well-understood as no methodology to accurately measure this loss has been established. This research project evaluated official plan amendments between the years 2000-2014 to track planning decisions that remove agricultural land from production. This methodology has been applied to nine counties and regions across southern Ontario. However, the focus will be on the results from Wellington County, including the amount of farmland converted to non-farm land uses, trends related to these losses and a reflection on the impacts of planning policies on farmland loss. It is interesting to note that approximately 76% of Wellington County's land base has been calculated as census farms by Statistics Canada (2011). Regardless of this high proportion of farmland, residential development is expected to increase. As such, some farmland within Wellington County has been developed for non-farm land uses and much farmland is under threat of development.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. In 2016-17, Guelph-Wellington is expected to receive between 300 and 400 refugees under Canada's Private Sponsorship of Refugees Program. In an effort to support the groups of citizens in the process of sponsoring refugee families, the University of Guelph's Community Engaged Scholarship Institute partnered with a number of local organizations to develop the Handbook for Refugee Sponsoring Groups. This handbook is a hands-on guide providing detailed information on the steps a sponsoring group should take at various stages in the sponsoring process. It builds on research and existing handbooks from other regions to offer a set of checklists and detailed tips outlining tasks to accomplish before the newcomers' arrival, on the first day, during the first week and the first month - covering themes such as housing, finances, child care, and employment. Each section has been adapted to include links to services and organizations available specifically in Guelph and Wellington. The guide also concludes with a list of resources that can be useful for sponsors and the newcomers themselves, including: city and community services, education/language training services, emergency/crises services, employment services, food banks, government services, health and medical care, housing, legal services and neighbourhood groups

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Increasing amounts of impermeable surfaces within urban centers lead to increased runoff during storm events, causing detrimental effects to our infrastructure and environment. New stormwater management technologies have been developed to counter these effects. They attempt to slow the flow of stormwater and prevent movement of pollutants by keeping water on-site and facilitating its infiltration into the ground. These technologies are commonly known as low impact development (LID) or sustainable stormwater management (SSM). Rain gardens – also known as bioinfiltration facilities - are a form of LID. Many studies on rain garden optimization have led to guidelines being widely available on LID construction. However, these requirements are often unrealistic for small-scale projects and present implementation barriers. An alternative to bioinfiltration facilities are simple rain gardens (SRGs) that have no underdrain and are often created in existing soils. This investigation measures infiltration rates, soil composition, and sizing of five case study SRGs in Guelph, and assesses their performance via percentages of influent stormwater detained, and total volumes detained annually. Analysis reveals three of the five case studies to be performing at full capacity, even though their soil compositions do not reflect what is commonly considered optimal for infiltration performance. The remaining two case studies were found to perform a value function by infiltrating between 36 and 45% of the stormwater directed into them, but adjustments to their size would need to be made in order to reach 100% infiltration. All together these SRGs would detain around 300,000L of stormwater annually.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Outcome expectancies are defined as how an individual decides to behave or act due to what they expect the result of that behavior will be. Little research has investigated the role of outcome expectancies in gambling. To increase our understanding of the influence of both implicit and explicit outcome expectancies in gambling, this study investigated the role of exposure to gambling cues on the activation of implicit and explicit gambling outcome expectancies using both reaction time and self-report measures. This study found that that brief exposure (i.e., 30 seconds) to gambling advertisements while simultaneously engaged in another cognitive task activated implicit but not explicit positive gambling outcome expectancies in regular gamblers' memory networks. On the other hand, gambling advertisement exposure did not activate implicit or explicit negative gambling outcome expectancies. Findings of the current research provide an argument for stricter guidelines placed on the content of gambling advertisements, such as information regarding the potential risks associated with problem gambling. Results also point to the importance of focusing on altering implicit associations as a potential intervention for problem gambling.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Homelessness is a hidden problem in Guelph-Wellington. People experiencing homelessness in the community tend to choose options such as couch surfing at a friend's, hiding in abandoned properties, or staying at a shelter. The 20,000 Homes Campaign is committed to housing 20 0000 of Canada's most vulnerable homeless people by July 1, 2018. As a participating community, Guelph-Wellington hosted a Registry Week from April 25th to April 29th, 2016. During this time, trained volunteers administered a health and housing survey with individuals experiencing homelessness in Guelph-Wellington. The methodology used a targeted approach, called Housing First, to move the most vulnerable homeless people into long-term housing. In addition to the Registry Week survey, participants were invited to participate in a second survey as part of the Government of Canada's first ever coordinated point-in-time count. During Guelph-Wellington Registry Week 2016, 295 individuals in the community were found to be experiencing homelessness during a three-day period (April 25th to April 27th). This includes 14 families, comprised of 15 parents/guardians and 19 dependents. Additional survey findings include demographic information (e.g. age, gender), history of housing and homelessness (e.g. length of time homeless), interactions with emergency services (e.g. ER visits, police interactions), and wellbeing (e.g. physical health, substance use). A final report was released in July 2016 that describes the outcomes of Guelph-Wellington Registry Week 2016.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. For ten years, the Guelph-based Play Who You Are project (PWYA) has been bringing world-class improvising musicians into creative collaboration with children and youth with special needs. Through a series of workshops, the musician-facilitators work to develop the youths' musical skills, confidence, and self-expression. They then work together to create a set of musical pieces which they present during the Guelph Jazz Festival. Research by Improvisation, Community and Social Practice and the International Institute for Critical Studies in Improvisation has explored a range of topics including the short- and long-term impacts of improvised arts participation; pedagogical approaches to teaching improvised music in community settings; the therapeutic role of improvised creative practices; and the impact of PWYA's improvisation programming on community cohesion. The findings demonstrate how (and to what extent) improvisational arts-based practices contribute to the development and flourishing of healthy communities in Guelph. Specifically, the research explores and analyzes the ways in which these practices help local special needs communities, and their neighbours, produce new understandings of identity, history, memory, and the body.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. With 1 in 4 Canadian preschoolers being considered overweight or obese, interventions aimed at promoting healthy weights and weight-related behaviours among young children have become a public health priority. The Guelph Family Health Study (GFHS) is a longitudinal cohort study that aims to promote healthy behaviours among young children (18 months-5 years) and their families. The GFHS 6-month program uses a unique combination of home visits with health educators, motivating emails and mailed incentives designed to improve household routines associated with reduced obesity risk (i.e. increasing family meals, sleep, and physical activity, and reducing screen time). The longitudinal nature and scale of the study present unique challenges when thinking about long-term participant engagement. To start addressing these challenges, a Family Council - an example of community engaged scholarship - was established. The Family Council is made up of 14 parents who are participants in the Guelph Family Health Study (70% mothers, 64% white). The Family Council meets 3 times a year to provide advice to the study team regarding study recruitment, protocols, materials and translation of study results. The reciprocal nature of Family Council meetings allows for the integration of community members' ideas into the research, and ensures that findings are relevant to our participants and their families. This poster will describe this experience, as well as successes and challenges that have resulted from this unique form of participant engagement.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. The Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Report Card Coalition is a group of community service providers in Wellington County, the County of Dufferin and the City of Guelph. The Coalition is committed to raising the profile of children in our communities by collecting data, examining trends, and reporting on the state of their well-being. The Coalition has published three major report cards and is getting set to launch an online data portal that will allow community services providers access to vast amounts of data at their fingertips. Data in the new online portal will be organized according to the five domains of well-being contained in our framework. The five domains include Education, Living Environment, Health, Safety and Social Relationships. In order to develop this portal, over the last two years, the Core Indicators Advisory Committee was tasked with developing a locally-produced framework of child well-being. The group reviewed vast amounts of literature, local, national, and international frameworks, and spoke to experts in a variety of fields to develop a Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph Framework of Child Well-Being. This presentation highlights some of the data from each of the five domains. Trends, areas of success and of need will be examined.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Increased consumption of energy-dense foods in modern society has led to widespread metabolic complications in children and adults. An emerging factor that may influence adverse eating behaviours is taste perception. Genetic variation in taste receptor genes may alter individual taste perception and dietary choices. Investigating taste receptors which elicit fat, sweet, and bitter taste is of particular interest as food intake patterns associated with these taste modalities are most often linked to poor health. The aim of this study was to examine associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the taste receptors CD36 (fat taste), T1R2 (sweet taste), and T2R38 (bitter taste) and blood biomarkers of lipid and glucose metabolism among young children (aged 1.5-5 years) in the Guelph Family Health Study. The Guelph Family Health Study is a longitudinal cohort study of families with young children. DNA was extracted from saliva and genotyped by RT-PCR. Children provided fasted blood samples and anthropometric measurements. Genotype and matched blood data from a total of 16 children were obtained in this pilot study. Results show that major allele homozygotes of the CD36 SNP had higher triglyceride levels (1.03±0.44 mmol/L) than minor allele homozygotes (0.62±0.32 mmol/L). Fasting insulin levels were also higher in major allele homozygotes (19±14 pmol/L) than minor allele homozygotes (6±2 pmol/L). These outcomes suggest an excess consumption of fatty foods which may lead to chronic metabolic pathologies.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Food waste has many negative environmental, economic, and social impacts. The Food and Agriculture Organization reported in 2011 that approximately one third of food produced globally for human consumption is lost or wasted. Rotting food dumped in landfills is responsible for the annual release of about 3.3 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases. While increasing attention is being paid to this problem, little region-specific research exists on food waste in Canada, and in Southwestern Ontario in particular. This research investigates the flow of food waste along the food waste hierarchy in Guelph in order to identify barriers, motivations, and opportunities to increase food waste diversion. 33 respondents along the food value chain participated in interviews. The findings indicated five clear barriers experienced by almost every sector. Opportunities identified include increased education and awareness around proper food handling and “best before” dates, as well as regulatory interventions. The research team also used an actor-network approach to examine particular aspects of food waste and the paths it takes, which revealed that many of the findings relate to how the physical properties of food affect how it is thought of and dealt with. This research reveals the ways in which we relate to both food and waste systems. This research also provides recommendations for food waste solutions across the value chain, including education and awareness campaigns, legislation that encourages donation or diversion activities, organics bans, and creating end markets for compost and digestate.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. The Speed River Inferno Track and Field Festival is an annual event held by Athletics Canada and the City of Guelph. This study aimed to estimate the 2015 Festival's economic impact on the City of Guelph. Researchers collected data from spectators and athletes regarding their information sources, primary purposes, motivation, expenditure, satisfaction and future intention for this event, and demographic information.100 usable surveys were collected from 365 athletes and 154 surveys from 682 spectators. Results showed that the majority of spectators were well educated, holding university or graduate degrees (72.2%), and were in high-income brackets (51.7% earned $100,000 and more annually). The average expenditure was $91/person, indicating that they contributed over $62,000 to the local economy. 65.1% of spectators were from outside Guelph. The event also attracted amateur (64%) and professional (36%) runners. Almost all indicated that they were very or somewhat satisfied with this event (95%) with a very high willingness to participant again in the next two years, and to recommend this event. Since 71% of the athletes do not reside in Guelph, and spend an average of $230, they contributed about $60,000 to the local economy. Using the Tourism Regional Economic Impact Model, the Inferno's impact on Wellington County was found to be $142,400 in GDP, $97,300 in labour income, $40,000 in direct taxes to various levels of government and $65,000 in total taxes.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Throughout 2016/17, the Wellington-Guelph Drug Strategy (WGDS) is conducting a project to advocate for harm reduction resources for local youth who are at risk or struggling with substance abuse and related issues. By partnering with Dr. Mavis Morton's Principal and Practices of Community Engaged Scholarship course, the WGDS Youth Harm Reduction Working Group was able to acquire current and relevant evidence-based research to support this project. The research effectively responded to gaps in information about the needs and issues facing Wellington County rural youth. We designed and carried out research with local experts and synthesizing previous academic and community-based knowledge. Results of interviews with 13 Wellington County professionals, and a review of peer-reviewed research, community based reports, relevant websites, and networks identified the need for local and accessible supports and services, the importance of positive relationship building with youth, the value of youth-inspired and youth-lead activities and evidence-based information about ways to decrease risk and increase resilience. Finally, current research about the benefits and challenges of using a harm reduction approach was identified. In addition to learning about the needs and ways to support rural youth facing substance abuse issues, we learned about the benefits of practicing CES principles. Our new CUP-modelled principles aligned with successful and sustainable partnerships including resource and knowledge sharing, respect, trust, and ongoing communication.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Guelph is growing differently. We are both adding new development on the periphery but also intensifying areas like downtown. This means we are generating property tax growth differently by using land more productively as well as adding new growth areas. Through our Geographic Information System, the City of Guelph can model 'tax density' (the value of taxes and assessments, equalized and divided by property areas) to provide a new way to look at how we raise revenue through property taxes.' Using data from 2013 and 2016, the City used land assessment updates from the Municipal Property Assessment Corporation to model change in the productivity of lands in the city. It shows that the most dense areas with mixed-use and urban land-use patterns have the highest ‘tax density. Downtown is leading the way in creating the most tax-dense lands. This insight helps to share municipal plans for infrastructure and public realm investment priorities.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Previous research has shown the nutritional benefits of eating in a group setting in older adulthood; however, no research has focused on the social benefits. As such, this study was motivated by the lack of research into the social benefits of community dining for older adults. This research investigated the social experience of community dining for older adults at the Evergreen Seniors' Community Centre. This is a hub for older adults in the Guelph community providing services and activities, including a restaurant. 55 Surveys and 13 interviews were undertaken with members of this Centre regarding their experiences at its restaurant. Results from the survey identified key reasons for eating at the restaurant including: affordability, convenience, enjoying the food, the welcoming atmosphere and eating with friends. Results from the interviews identified the restaurant was a key factor for the participants' social life, as it provided a warm and friendly environment where they could build social networks. Participants described the food quality positively, especially the value for their money and they expressed mixed results on how well the restaurant catered to their dietary needs. Overall, the restaurant could be improved by: extending the hours, paying more attention to customer dietary needs, and more creative advertising for menus.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. This research investigates the role a Guelph purebred breeder played in the wartime cattle economy. James Bowman was a purebred cattle herder living on the western outskirts of Guelph, and he wrote over twelve volumes during his lifetime between 1866 and 1944. Research for this project utilizes the portion of Bowman's diaries written during the First World War. The findings demonstrate that the war accelerated cattle breeders place in Canada's complex rural hierarchy. Guelph's farmers were expert hobbyists, making a living from the professionalization of exhibition prizes. On July 1st 1914, Bowman and his hired men loaded his animal stock onto his wagon and hauled them off to the Grand Trunk Railyard ready to be shipped to the Prairies for his annual trip across the national exhibition circuit. Arriving first at Toronto, they then joined the Canadian Pacific, heading to Winnipeg, Regina, and Saskatoon. Bowman's Aberdeen Angus cattle were among the most prized in local and national exhibitions and was the first creator of records for the breed for the Aberdeen Angus Association. While rising meat costs ultimately provided a source of income to Guelph cattle raisers, the Great War also brought about intensive labour and uncertainty. James Bowman's diaries reveal how Guelph farmers sought to improve their financial and social standing, but also how they bound together to create a delicate balance between business, family and community to endure wartime conditions.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington Recognizing that there may be missed opportunities to communicate, coordinate or work together for a common purpose, Toward Common Ground was created as a first step to strengthen the City of Guelph and the County of Wellington's ability to work together for more enhanced and meaningful impact. Over the course of this project, student researchers at the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute undertook research that was used to support the identification of appropriate indicators and measures of adult wellbeing. Other University of Guelph partnerships were also developed through which students took on projects as part of their course work. The TCG partnership has now created a common language framework to understand the social and health wellbeing of adults in the City of Guelph and County of Wellington. Local data highlights provide a snapshot of wellbeing trends in Guelph and Wellington under the following five domains of wellbeing: Health, Safety, Economic and Household Resources, Education and Belonging and Participation. Concepts, indicators and measures have been identified for each domain and will be presented alongside information about why each domain and/or concept is important to overall wellbeing.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Fats in the diet and the blood are associated with the development of many chronic diseases. Omega-3s (ALA, EPA, and DHA) and omega-6s are of particular importance during early childhood development and may affect long-term disease risk. Studies in rodents have linked early life exposure to omega-3 and omega-6 fats to cancer risk later in life, but the same has not been studied in humans. This study examines omega-3 and omega-6 consumption in the diet, levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fats in the blood, and BMI in order to assess future risk of cancer and other health outcomes in children in the Guelph Family Health Study. This study involves parents with young children, aged 1.5 to 5 years. Dietary omega-3 consumption in children was low, with average daily intakes of 507.2mg, 27.5mg, and 68.2 mg of the omega-3s fatty acids ALA, EPA, and DHA. These values are lower than those found in previous research in Canadian children and do not meet current recommendations for ALA intake. Blood omega-6 concentrations were 11.8 times higher than blood omega-3 concentrations. Very high blood levels of omega-6, when compared to omega-3 levels have been associated with long-term inflammation and increased cancer risk. Additionally, increased concentrations of ALA in the blood corresponded to decreased BMI Z-score. Because higher BMI and obesity are major risk factors for metabolic diseases and cancer, elevating plasma ALA levels in children may have implications for decreasing weight-related disease risk later in life. Finally, when compared to their parents, blood omega-3 concentrations were 27.2% lower in children.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Although a variety of supports in Guelph exist to serve immigrants, it can still be difficult to locate and access them when needed. A central and easily accessible location for information about local community services is necessary to help newcomers, and service providers, to access this information . The Guelph Wellington Local Immigration Partnership's Access to Services Committee (ASC), in collaboration with the City of Guelph's Geographical Information Services department, researched how to create a way for residents, service providers, and leaders to easily find immigrant services in Guelph. The ASC worked to decide which services would be most relevant. The majority of community service data was provided by the Volunteer Centre of Guelph/Wellington via their community services database. A Geographic Information systems (GIS) Consultant was retained to collect and organize the service provider data, and the GIS department of City Hall provided digital boundary maps. The result of this collaboration was the Interactive Community Services Map. The map is a web-based application that presents data in a map form, in order to facilitate finding information and getting directions. The map currently includes four datasets: public and private schools in Guelph, licensed child care services in Guelph, organizations serving immigrants in Guelph, and health care services in Guelph. The interactive map platform allows users to easily search for resources, to see what they are, where they are, and how to connect with them.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Wildlife living in urban environments must overcome abiotic and biotic challenges unlike anything experienced in their evolutionary pasts. It is hypothesized that amongst vertebrates, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the hormone signalling pathway responsible for regulating an organism's stress response, is likely integral for coping with the array of novel stressors found in urban environments. More recently, it has been suggested that an organism's bacterial microbiome may facilitate rapid ecological adaptation to novel conditions, since, the metagenome has the capacity to respond much quicker to environmental change than the host genome. Academic evidence provides a foundation for the existence of an intimate bi-directional relationship between the HPA axis and the bacterial microbiome; wherein the microbiome can influence programming of the HPA axis early in life, but HPA activity, through stress induced immunomodulation, has the capacity to elicit changes in bacterial community structure. To date, little work has gone into characterizing this relationship in free-ranging wildlife. Urban environments may be used as a form of globally mass-replicated experimental system with which to investigate HPA axis-microbiome interactions within an eco-evolutionary context. In 2016, the CitiSci(urid) Project performed preliminary characterization of patterns in the covariation between multiple measures of stress physiology, and microbiome community structure in urban and natural populations of eastern grey squirrels. Oral and fecal bacterial communities differed between urban and natural populations, and in both cases the most prevalent bacterial groups were correlated with measures of stress physiology.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. A vibrant music scene has been known to bring a city a variety of benefits. Music contributes to the local economy, it builds a stronger social fabric, attracts outside investment, talent, and tourists, and creates job opportunities. As such, in 2016, the Guelph Chamber of Commerce initiated a gathering of music stakeholders to promote Guelph as a music city. In this regard, researchers at the University of Guelph conducted a study in order to establish a development strategy. First, some practices of other cities on promoting music were reviewed. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with music stakeholders. A SWOT analysis was also undertaken, which showed that Guelph has the potential to be a music city. Guelph has immense potential, which is showcased by these strengths: 1) it is recognized by the other cities as having a vibrant music scene; 2) the continued success of Hillside Festival and Jazz festival; 3) academic support for music education and; 4) a safe and secure environment. Nevertheless, research findings also indicated that there are challenges. For example, a lack of suitable venues and an underutilization of facilities, are two of the eight challenges identified. In order to better cope with the current and potential challenges, opportunities recognized by the music stakeholders include: adding different components to venues; seizing the unique features of Guelph; and seeking government funding.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Free-roaming, stray, and feral cats (community cats) are everywhere in North American communities, but their presence and management often cause conflict. The acceptability of competing approaches such as Trap-neuter-return (TNR) and euthanasia are hotly debated. Community-specific engagement and consensus are required in order to draft policy and implement actions that are both humane and accepted by the community. However, very little research has been conducted on community cats in the Canadian context. To fill this gap, the Guelph Cat Population Taskforce surveyed Guelph residents to quantify the number of community cats, understand existing attitudes and opinions about cats, and develop acceptable actions. In November 2014, the Taskforce conducted 116 in-person surveys. Findings indicate that approximately 15% of households feed community cats; 79% of respondents were supportive of TNR; 88% of respondents were supportive of education; and 20% were supportive of euthanasia. Overall, a minority of residents were concerned about community cats being a nuisance, although there was some concern about the possible impacts of cats on native fauna. The majority of residents were most concerned about the welfare of community cats. The results of this survey suggest that the humane management of community cats is of high priority to Guelph residents, and will be used to direct the implementation of future community cat management strategies in the City.

Jean Little was one of the first children's authors to deal extensively with issues of disability. Her views towards disability were affected by her own experience of visual impairment, but also by her family's missionary work abroad and their commitment to social justice at home. While disability historians have often stressed the development of the "social model" of disability as being key to the creation of a disability rights movement, this paper suggests that disabled activism also had much to do with Canada's emerging self-definition as a place that stressed the importance of good citizenship, equality and inclusion. Jean Little a ete une des premieres auteures pour enfants a traiter abondamment de questions liees aux handicaps. Ses opinions a ce sujet ont certes ete influencees par sa propre deficience visuelle, mais aussi par le travail missionnaire de sa famille a l'etranger et l'engagement de celle-ci envers la justice sociale au pays. Les historiens du handicap ont souvent mis l'accent sur la conception du > de handicap comme element fondateur du mouvement pour les droits des personnes handicapees, or le present article suggere que l'activisme handicape a aussi eu beaucoup a voir avec l'emergence de la notion canadienne de pays qui defend le civisme, l'egalite et l'inclusion.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Some families and neighbourhoods experience challenges due to poverty, isolation and other related issues. The Parent Outreach Worker (POW) program is an early intervention and prevention strategy that reaches out to families in Guelph who may be isolated or struggling. The POW program currently supports families in the neighbourhoods of Brant, Two Rivers, and Grange Hill East. In 2016, the POW program evaluated its impact on families using participant feedback and program tracking data. Qualitative and quantitative participant feedback was gathered from current and former clients of the POW program using a short survey. Program tracking data, such as the number of clients and types of support offered, has been tracked regularly by Outreach Workers since the beginning of the program. A total of 135 current and former clients completed the survey. Families who participated in the POW program reported improved access to formal services and supports. Since meeting their Outreach Worker, 92% of participants reported accessing services that they would not have used before. Outreach Workers helped clients access food more than 1375 times, which is roughly once every day since the program began. Finally, Outreach Workers helped participants build social capital by facilitating social connections within their communities. There is compelling evidence that the POW program has a positive impact on families and neighbourhoods. Outreach Workers are highly valued parts of their communities and are considered essential resources by clients.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington Family and Children's Services Guelph Wellington recognizes the historical role of welfare services in severing ties between families and children; undoing support to parents and children who age out of foster care; and enabling systemic trauma. F&CS Guelph now aims to change the system to emphasize that children not only need a place to live permanently to grow to their potential, but they also need caring, mindful adults to support them. In order to attain this goal, in 2012, F&CS created agency positions called Family Finding and Permanency Support and hired two staff. Their role was to find and reconnect people to their past to create a new future; create networks of support for both parents and children; listen to the stories of the people they were working with and use their feedback to improve services; and, honour the experience of families and children. The implementation of this role resulted in rekindled relationships with family, who were able to provide children with support. Parents said that reconnecting with their past was painful but was helpful in their healing process, they now had channel of support they could tap into when needed. Generally, people (including children, youth, family members) reported finally being “helped”, “heard” and “honoured”.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. According to the Breakfast Club of Canada, 1 in 5 children arrive to school hungry due to a lack of access to nutritious food (2016). Research shows that children who are hungry during the day do not perform as well academically compared to their peers (White, Hill, Kemp, MacRae, & Young, 2012). Student nutrition programs (SNPs) provide nutritious food to students through breakfast, lunch, and snack programs to support healthy development and learning. Offered throughout Ontario, SNPs aim to provide food to students in a supportive and non-judgemental environment. In this study, we evaluated SNPs in four schools offered by Food & Friends in Wellington, Dufferin, and Guelph to understand the benefits and challenges of the program from the perspectives of students, principals, and program coordinators. 258 students in grades 6, 7, and 8 completed online surveys and 9 principals and program coordinators were interviewed. Our results show that the SNPs were viewed as beneficial to all students by providing healthy food, opportunities for student leadership, and a space for socializing. Concurrently, principals and program coordinators mentioned difficulties in running the programs which included funding cuts, space/storage for large amounts of food, and volunteer recruitment. Results from this study suggest that many of the benefits and challenges were common across the four schools.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Changing the way household decisions are made can increase environmental sustainability. Running a sustainable household includes thinking about the type and amount of resources used, and how to dispose of them. This study explores the extent to which Guelph residents are aware of and practice sustainability in their homes. 89 participants were recruited for this study. 55 participants had been a part of the Home Tune-up study, a program which maximizes resource efficiency. The remaining 34 participants were recruited from the Pine Ridge/ Westminster, St. George's/ St. Patrick's, and Grange Road communities. Participants were 18 years and older; 66% female and 44% male; and were mostly homeowners (72%). Students of the Qualitative and Observational Methods course at the University of Guelph conducted 85 interviews. Major barriers to household sustainability were the lack of time for families to implement conservation measures, as well as a consumer culture that promotes a life of comfort and convenience. Key facilitators included previous and current exposure to a culture of conservation, and the notion of Guelph being socially and economically green. Further, an ability to maintain both individual agency and the household's social structure were deemed foundational to the longevity of conservation measures. Findings will be used to develop initiatives to support household sustainability across the city.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Guelph is one of the largest communities in Canada that depends on groundwater for its water supply. Managing a fixed groundwater source is challenging, as additional groundwater supply sources are limited. The City's Water Supply Master Plans repetitively identify that sustainable urban growth is dependent on the success of aggressive water conservation and efficiency programs. To know this, the current water conservation and efficiency programs need to be evaluated. As such, the City's residential water use analysis was conducted in order to determine how the current water conservation and efficiency programs are performing and to assist with development of future programming. It was completed by reviewing metered customer water consumption data from January 2006 to December 2014 against Municipal Property Assessment Corporation housing codes and associated building data. Geographic Information Systems were then used to map the data. This analysis highlights areas of high water use; seasonal water use patterns; and water use trends with regards to square footage of home, age of home, and number of bathrooms per home. This project enhances the City of Guelph's planning approach for sustainable water use and watershed management, and enables the City to tailor their conservation and efficiency programs.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Initiated by the City of Guelph in 2012, the Affordable Bus Pass Program (ABPP) is a bus subsidy program designed to increase the affordability and accessibility of public transit for people living with low income. In 2013, the City commissioned Taylor Newberry Consulting to evaluate the ABPP pilot. The evaluation used qualitative data from focus groups and interviews. It was also informed by quantitative data from application forms submitted by citizens entering the ABPP. It researched the uptake of the pilot program, its impacts, strengths, challenges and opportunities, recommended areas for change and improvement, and goal attainment. As of July 2013, approximately 2,700 individuals had applied for the affordable bus pass as primary applicants, and 2,178 had been approved. Because applicants could include other family members in their application, it was estimated that the successful applications covered a total of 2,596 people. Research concluded that the pilot phase of Guelph's Affordable Bus Pass Program has been very successful. It attracted more users than expected, and made transit more accessible for a diverse cross-section of the community. It continued to meet the needs of people with disabilities (who had been the primary user of the previous pass program), while growing to serve a number of other groups of people who live with low incomes. The summary of recommendations identified a number of ways in which the administration of the program could be streamlined to reduce administrative burdens.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Although free-roaming cats can impact the environment, and substantial resources have been invested to find humane ways to manage these cat populations, there are no empirical estimates of free-roaming cat population sizes in cities. Using Guelph as a case-study, we applied a replicated distance transect sampling and likelihood-based hierarchical modeling to compare human-mediated landscape patterns of land use, distance to roads, distance to wooded areas, building density, and socio-economic status to explain the abundance of free-roaming cats. We then derive an empirical estimate of total population size and present a spatially-explicit prediction of free-roaming cat density across the city. The prevalence of cats was highest in residential areas and lowest in commercial and institutional areas, negatively related to median household income, and positively related to distance from woods and building density. Total population size was estimated to be 7,662 free-roaming cats (95% bootstrap CI: 6,145 - 9,966) for Guelph; free-roaming cat density varied from 0 - 49.4 cats/ha. Our estimate overlapped with an independent estimate of indoor-outdoor cats (11,927; 95% CI: 6,361 - 20,989) derived from random surveys of city residents, which implies our methodology was relatively robust and unbiased. Our results suggest that free-roaming cat density in cities could be determined by bottom-up processes (e.g. enhanced food availability in residential areas) as well as top-down processes (e.g. enhanced susceptibility to coyote predation near wooded areas) which are typically reserved to explain wildlife populations in natural environments. These results guide ongoing local discussions on cat management, bylaws and urban planning.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Animal shelters are often overwhelmed by the influx of cats and are constantly seeking solutions to better their outcomes. This project investigates the time trends in admission rates and risk factors that affect cats' length-of-stay at the Guelph Humane Society from 2011 to 2016, while assessing the effectiveness of the Capacity for Care program. This program is an animal population management plan which is aimed at reducing intake, increasing adoption rates, decreasing length-of-stay, and improving the welfare of cats in shelters. In 2014, the Guelph Humane Society implemented the Capacity for Care program to expedite the movement of cats through the shelter. The effects of this program on intake and length-of-stay of cats at the Guelph Humane Society are assessed. A significant reduction in admissions of adult cats following the introduction of the program was found when the analysis was adjusted for kittens. Cats were also 24% more likely to be adopted after its implementation. Exotic breeds were 64% more likely to be adopted than domestic shorthairs, males were 20% more likely to be adopted than females, and adult cats were 13% more likely to be adopted than kittens. This study provides evidence that the Capacity for Care program is associated with a reduced length of stay for cats and an increased likelihood of adoption, which suggests it is suitable for improving cat welfare and reducing cat overpopulation in the City of Guelph.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. After gender-related concerns surfaced during the 2014 municipal election, the Guelph Chapter of the Confederation of University Women (CFUW) identified the need to increase resources and support for local women pursuing political and public leadership positions. To assist CFUW Guelph in this regard, a group of researchers from the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute set out to identify the barriers that women face to running for leadership roles in the community, and to learn how they can be better supported when doing so. Qualitative research methods were employed to reveal the specific obstacles women experience when running for leadership positions; motivations for being in public office; possible spaces and avenues to increase participation in local politics; and the types of resources needed to assist in their success. A total of 16 interviews were conducted with women who ran for public office, and three focus groups were held with women interested in public leadership. Participants identified numerous barriers to women running for leadership roles that were classified into three groups: institutional, socio-economic, psychological and cultural. In particular, the need for mentoring, support with the changing technological landscape, and a shift in cultural expectations more broadly were deemed necessary solutions to overcoming gender-related barriers. These results, therefore, provided CFUW Guelph with possible methods to support women in the community wanting to stand for leadership positions, and to heighten their participation.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Food waste represents a significant problem for the sustainability of our food systems and the environment. The stories behind food waste in Guelph have the potential to generate interesting and needed dialogue within the community. University of Guelph graduate student, Carly Fraser, and the Community Engaged Scholarship's Practitioner-in-residence, Georgia Simms, sought out a creative way to engage researchers, policy makers and community leaders in a conversation to shed insight into the personal side of residential food waste problems and connect these stories to systems-level food waste perspectives. The evening that they designed involves a soup social, a film screening, a performance and an opportunity for semi-structured conversations. The event demonstrates possible approaches to arts-based knowledge mobilization and community engagement, and is itself is a form of knowledge mobilization, promoting face-to-face interaction and connection among researchers and community leaders in Guelph-Wellington. The focus on artistic products and processes raises awareness of this type of engagement strategy and highlights the potential of arts-based approaches in academic and civic contexts.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. The necessity of preserving the cultural heritage and artifacts of Italian-Canadian immigrants coincides with the need of the language programs at the University of Guelph to institute an experiential learning component in core language courses. To accommodate this need, working in collaboration with the School of Languages and Literatures (SOLAL) at University of Guelph, and the head of the European Studies and of Italian Studies department, students in a community engaged core course for Italian Minors work with the University Library to build italianheritage.lib.uoguelph.ca as a place to collect, curate, and ‘exhibit' material. The principal aims of The Italian Heritage project are to collect and preserve the narratives and artifacts of Italian immigrants to Canada, and the Guelph-Wellington area specifically. The website does not substitute a physical archive but rather allows for the expansion of the digital aspect while growing and developing a material archive which will ultimately be housed in the local community. The formation of the website supports knowledge mobilization while increasing the ease of use and accessibility to other virtual exhibits in museums, libraries, and academic settings. Although the Italian Heritage Project website is still in the developmental stages, it is rapidly expanding and improving as more material is submitted and curated. Our proposal is to make italianheritage.lib.uoguelph.ca a collaborative virtual repository affiliated to the Italian Canadian Archives Project and to the heritage work of individual communities.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Approximately 27% of Canadian children are overweight or obese, and overweight children are at risk for becoming overweight adults. Dietary protein, particularly that consumed at breakfast, may have benefits for the metabolism and optimize body composition. Paradoxically, consumption of higher animal:plant protein may increase body mass index (BMI). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine associations between total protein and animal:plant protein consumed at breakfast and body composition in 59 preschool-aged children enrolled in the Guelph Family Health Study. Researchers analyzed three-day food records and measured the percentage of fat mass (%FM). Associations between protein consumption at breakfast and body composition, adjusted for age, sex, and sibling effect, were assessed using random effects models. Data revealed that every gram of total protein consumed was associated with 0.18 cm lower waist circumference (WC). There was no association with the %FM. Conversely, for every 1 unit increase in the animal:plant protein intake, WC and %FM increased by 0.83 cm, and 0.33%, respectively. There was no significant association between total protein consumption and waist-to-height ratio, or between animal:plant protein and BMI score. These data suggest that breakfasts higher in total protein are associated with lower WC, however, those with a higher animal:plant protein are associated with greater WC and FM%.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Across Ontario, 5% of patients account for two-thirds of health care costs. This 5% encompasses those with multiple chronic diseases, mental health issues and substance use, low income/poverty levels and few social supports. This population often uses a variety of services, from primary care to the hospital emergency department, first responders to outreach workers, community housing to mental health, and food banks to community groups. These organizations are not equipped to meet all these complex needs effectively by themselves, and are not coordinated with each other. As a result, this population often cannot meet the requirements of programs that might have helped them, and struggles with programs with standardized practices or with those that ask people to self-manage. The consequences are often negative and tragic, for patients as well as service providers. The cost to patients, and to the human services system that attempts to support them, is becoming overwhelming. However, when these services work as a team, the patient receives more harmonized and focused care. Health Links is a way of supporting the design of a coordinated care plan for those residents in need, and is based on residents' priorities. Currently, there are 82 approved Health Links across 14 Local Health Integration Networks. This presentation tells the story of the Rural Wellington Health Link Project, the work of the Rural Wellington Community Team and its role with the Health Links population.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Launched in 2009, CBaSE assists in the realization of the three pillars of the College of Business and Economics (CBE): (1) transformational learning, (2) research with impact, and (3) community engagement. Recognizing the need for more experiential learning opportunities, as well as sustainable solutions to economic, social and environmental problems, CBaSE offers learning experiences that enable the collaboration of faculty and students with the local community, on business and market research and other projects. CBaSE also offers a startup incubator, a Business Consulting course, and a variety of events and workshops that have the potential to transform student's understanding of their disciplines, worldviews, and abilities. From these experiences, students are also given the opportunity to master disciplinary knowledge and develop essential skills. As a strong supporter of businesses with a triple bottom line, CBaSE consults with established business and help grow start-ups that focus on social and environmental gains. The past year's programming and successes underscore CBaSE's commitment to growing and coordinating entrepreneurial education, incubating an expanded number of new businesses, and supporting new product development and social innovation.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Schools are community hubs where people learn and participate in a range of activities offered by community organizations. They provide a place for people to gather, volunteer, access community programs, participate in recreational and social activities, and build strong communities. In order to better understand how the community uses its facilities, the UGDSB tracks the influx of visits, who uses the facilities for what types of activities, and which spaces are most commonly used. During the 2015-2016 school year, a total of 1,132 permits were requested and granted for community uses of school spaces. Over this same time period, there were over 1 million participants visits and over 80,000 hours permitted to use spaces in schools across the UGDSB. The most frequently used spaces were classrooms, representing 37.5% of the total number of hours permitted, followed by fields (25.3%) and gyms (22.8%). The majority of hours permitted were for activities with no target age (Figure 1) and for both genders (Figure 2). There are a wide range of community activities that are held in school spaces. Most of the permitted hours are for sports and recreation (17%), social activities (9%) and leadership activities (8%).

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Boards of directors that reflect a high degree of diversity are often more effective and innovative. In early 2016, the University of Guelph's Community Engaged Scholarship Institute conducted research to assess the demographic composition of boards and committees in Guelph and Wellington, and understand which strategies and obstacles currently facilitate or limit the participation of immigrants on boards. Information from 74 local not-for-profits, city committees, and businesses was gathered through an online survey. Results show that on average, immigrants make up 14% of board members. Most organizations reported having only 1 or 2 immigrant board members; and 17 boards had no immigrant representation at all. On the other hand, 7 of the boards surveyed were composed of 40% or more of immigrants. This research revealed that most organizations have adopted some strategies to increase diversity on their boards, such as providing intercultural awareness or diversity training to their members. That said, 39% lacked any formal engagement strategies. A number of obstacles to immigrant participation were also identified - such as citizenship or language requirements. These findings were used to inform the development and implementation of 'Newcomers on Board', a pilot project aimed to increase the presence of newcomers in leadership roles in Guelph and Wellington.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. As Guelph continues to grow, human-animal interactions are happening more frequently. One species in particular that appears to have readily adapted to this development is the white-tailed deer. Province-wide, the deer population is estimated to have increased tenfold between 1980 and 2005. In Guelph, many deer inhabit the Preservation Park/Hanlon Creek Conservation Area. However, deer must move about in the landscape, something that those in the Preservation Park are either unable to do, or do with danger to their own and human lives. The goal of this research was to investigate ways to ease the tension between humans and this deer population. To do so, researchers analysed the suitability of the landscape and considered the overall landscape system layout (sites/links/hubs). They then examining green infrastructure initiatives that could guide the movement of animals through the landscape, as well as strategies that can help manage the human-deer relationship. Finally, design solutions were proposed to deter or compel the movement of deer from/to Preservation Park/Hanlon Creek Conservation Area. These suggestions included construction of a multi-use overpass across the Hanlon Expressway, installation of reflectors along Kortright Road West, signage upgrades, use of fencing and jump-outs along Gordon Street, and introduction of a deer crosswalk across Clair Road West. Supporting strategies included suggestions to the City to strengthen its education, research, policy and long-term strategic planning efforts in managing the deer-human relationship.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. Monitoring physical activity has never been more convenient. Devices such as FitBit, Garmin Vivofit or the Apple watch can track our daily steps, hours of sleep, and number of stairs climbed. These technological advances allow researchers to track and obtain fitness data from large populations. While it is common to study physical activity levels in adults, teens and children, very few researchers have undertaken fitness tracking in preschool aged children. This age group is critical to study, not only because childhood obesity rates continue to rise, but also because both positive and negative lifelong habits develop during this age. As such, investigating how much and what level of physical activity children aged 18 months - 5 years complete on a daily basis is needed, as these trends may indicate the fitness levels they will maintain throughout their lives. As part of the Guelph Family Health Study, this project will analyze data captured from activity monitors worn by preschool aged children for a period of up to seven days before and after a family interview-based intervention. This study will note the effects of the intervention and the levels and intensities of physical activity that these children complete, and compare this data to other health outcomes. This project will enhance our understanding of how to track fitness levels in young children, and will facilitate examining correlations between physical activity and health outcomes.

Poster was part of 'What We Know' display, held on March 1, 2017 at the Quebec Street Mall in Downtown Guelph. At 'What We Know,' the Community Engaged Scholarship Institute brought together 50 posters featuring diverse research on Guelph and Wellington from community organizations, municipal staff, faculty and students. Topics included feral cats, farmland loss, food waste, the wellbeing of children and more - all specific to Guelph and Wellington. As the City of Guelph continues to expand and develop, encroachment into and around natural heritage features is inevitable. This is exemplified in the Dallan property development which is taking place on the outskirts of a wetlands complex. The development, composed mainly of residential blocks, will result in the near isolation of an ecologically significant wetland. As a result, a 75-100-metre-wide naturalized corridor was constructed to facilitate the continued migration and dispersal of wildlife to and from the isolated wetland. A monitoring system was put into place to gauge if the corridor has facilitated the migration and dispersal of wildlife. Using a system of trail cameras that produced roughly three million photos, nearly 30 species of amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds were found to have used the crossing structures between April and October 2016. Because of their unique vulnerability to roads and need to migrate and disperse as part of their lifecycles, amphibians were the focus of the monitoring effort. Nearly 800 amphibian crossing events were captured, exhibiting fascinating patterns based on time of day, time of year, substrate material, local weather patterns, and species. Of the two tunnel floor linings, the gravel substrate seemed to be the more favourable, facilitating quicker passage and lower rates of hesitance. Extensive monitoring of tunnel usage will continue in the following years as construction of the development progresses.