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Na twee eerdere adviezen (Van der Meer et al. 2016, 2019) geeft deze notitie nog een aantal extra aanbevelingen naar aanleiding van het verschijnen van het concept van het aangepaste Nederlandse Bruinvisbeschermingsplan (Siemensma, 2020). Het belangrijkste advies is dat in de prioritering van het onderzoek en de monitoring beter gekeken moet worden naar hoe het onderzoek kan bijdragen aan daadwerkelijk te nemen beschermingsmaatregelen.

Na twee eerdere adviezen (Van der Meer et al. 2016, 2019) geeft deze notitie nog een aantal extra aanbevelingen naar aanleiding van het verschijnen van het concept van het aangepaste Nederlandse Bruinvisbeschermingsplan (Siemensma, 2020). Het belangrijkste advies is dat in de prioritering van het onderzoek en de monitoring beter gekeken moet worden naar hoe het onderzoek kan bijdragen aan daadwerkelijk te nemen beschermingsmaatregelen.

In recent times there has been remarkable development in the field of soil ecotoxicology and risk assessment (RA) models. It is, however, debatable if these RA models are robust representatives for worldwide relevance. In order to investigate this, the current overview aims to address heavy metal threats to soil life in southern Africa by investigating present knowledge and consequences for RA using research in southern Africa as a case. To this end, the focus is on southern African soils, soil life and living conditions. To critically discuss these issues, we report on extensive research conducted in the southern African context and looked how comparable these findings are to RA models employed in the western world. This is done by providing an inventory of selected studies focused on the ecotoxicity of metals towards soil life. It is concluded that there is a dearth of information on southern African soil life, most of which are laboratory-based studies carried out by a handful of researchers. Future research incorporating the available information into a soil ecosystem assessment procedure is paramount. It is recommended that a starting point to tackle this might be the development of holistic sight-specific guidelines for ecological risk assessment at larger spatial scales (km2) which takes into cognizance landscapes, vegetation and faunal characteristics.

Filser, Juliane et. al.- 18 páginas .- Ilustraciones.- © Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License., Soil organic matter (SOM) is key to maintaining soil fertility, mitigating climate change, combatting land degradation, and conserving above- and below-ground biodiversity and associated soil processes and ecosystem services. In order to derive management options for maintaining these essential services provided by soils, policy makers depend on robust, predictive models identifying key drivers of SOM dynamics. Existing SOM models and suggested guidelines for future SOM modelling are defined mostly in terms of plant residue quality and input and microbial decomposition, overlooking the significant regulation provided by soil fauna. The fauna controls almost any aspect of organic matter turnover, foremost by regulating the activity and functional composition of soil microorganisms and their physical–chemical connectivity with soil organic matter. We demonstrate a very strong impact of soil animals on carbon turnover, increasing or decreasing it by several dozen percent, sometimes even turning C sinks into C sources or vice versa. This is demonstrated not only for earthworms and other larger invertebrates but also for smaller fauna such as Collembola. We suggest that inclusion of soil animal activities (plant residue consumption and bioturbation altering the formation, depth, hydraulic properties and physical heterogeneity of soils) can fundamentally affect the predictive outcome of SOM models. Understanding direct and indirect impacts of soil fauna on nutrient availability, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions and plant growth is key to the understanding of SOM dynamics in the context of global carbon cycling models. We argue that explicit consideration of soil fauna is essential to make realistic modelling predictions on SOM dynamics and to detect expected non-linear responses of SOM dynamics to global change. We present a decision framework, to be further developed through the activities of KEYSOM, a European COST Action, for when mechanistic SOM models include soil fauna. The research activities of KEYSOM, such as field experiments and literature reviews, together with dialogue between empiricists and modellers, will inform how this is to be done., This paper is a contribution to the COST Action ES1406 (KEYSOM) lead by the first and last author. A lot of the writing was inspired by the lively discussions within the workshop meetings of KEYSOM – thanks to all contributors! We thank the COST Association for financially supporting collaboration and networking activities across Europe. The article processing charges for this open-access publication were covered by the University of Bremen.

This chapter gives an analysis of the basic elements of a vital soil, of soil protection policies and monitoring options. The background to this approach is the increase in soil functions and an overexploitation that has resulted in conflicts as well as in consequences for human health, the health of soil, and soil sustainability

This chapter gives an analysis of the basic elements of a vital soil, of soil protection policies and monitoring options. The background to this approach is the increase in soil functions and an overexploitation that has resulted in conflicts as well as in consequences for human health, the health of soil, and soil sustainability