24 results on '"Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin"'
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2. Effect of replacing maize silage with red clover silage in the diet on milk fatty acid composition in cows
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Schulz, Franziska, Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, Molkentin, Joachim, Knappstein, Karin, and Susenbeth, Andreas
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- 2018
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3. Replacing maize silage plus soybean meal with red clover silage plus wheat in diets for lactating dairy cows
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Schulz, Franziska, Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, Knappstein, Karin, Molkentin, Joachim, and Susenbeth, Andreas
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- 2018
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4. Experimental Study on the Transfer of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) into Milk of High-Yielding Cows during Negative and Positive Energy Balance
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Krause, Torsten, primary, Lamp, Julika, additional, Knappstein, Karin, additional, Walte, Hans-Georg, additional, Moenning, Jan-Louis, additional, Molkentin, Joachim, additional, Ober, Florian, additional, Susenbeth, Andreas, additional, Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, additional, Schwind, Karl-Heinz, additional, Dänicke, Sven, additional, Fürst, Peter, additional, Schenkel, Hans, additional, Pieper, Robert, additional, and Numata, Jorge, additional
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- 2023
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5. Effect of dietary quebracho tannin extract on milk fatty acid composition in cows
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Henke, Anika, Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, Molkentin, Joachim, Dickhoefer, Uta, Knappstein, Karin, Hasler, Mario, and Susenbeth, Andreas
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- 2017
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6. Technical note: An improved tool to insert lines for abomasal infusion in rumen cannulated cattle
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Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin and Susenbeth, Andreas
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- 2017
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7. Effect of a biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase on the digestibility of phosphorus and phytate in midlactating dairy cows
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Dersjant-Li, Yueming, Kok, Ivonne, Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, García-González, Rubén, Mereu, Alessandro, Christensen, Trine, Marchal, Leon, Dersjant-Li, Yueming, Kok, Ivonne, Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, García-González, Rubén, Mereu, Alessandro, Christensen, Trine, and Marchal, Leon
- Abstract
The effect of a biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase (PhyG) on the digestibility and excretion of crude protein (CP), phosphorus (P), and phytate-P (PP) in midlactating dairy cows was investigated. Thirty Holstein-Friesians were assigned to three treatments with 10 cows per treatment in a randomized block design. Cows were fed forage (grass and corn silage) provided ad libitum, and a concentrate (without added inorganic phosphate) administered separately in amounts individualized per cow according to milk production, supplemented with phytase according to treatment. The formulated forage-to-concentrate-ratio was ~65%:35%. Dietary treatments comprised the control diet (CON) and CON supplemented with 2,000 (PhyG2,000) or 5,000 (PhyG5,000) phytase units (FTU)/kg DM in the total diet. The experiment comprised an 18-d preperiod for the collection of data to facilitate the allocation of cows to the treatments, followed by a 19-d experimental period comprising a 14-d diet adaptation period and 5 d of twice daily feces collection. Fecal samples were analyzed for the determination of apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of chemical constituents in the diet. The ATTD of PP was 92.6% in CON suggesting a high but incomplete degradation of phytate by ruminal microbial phytases. Cows fed PhyG2,000 exhibited increased ATTD of CP and PP [68.4% (2.7% points above CON) and 95.1% (2.5% points above CON), respectively] whilst PhyG5,000 further increased ATTD PP and also increased ATTD P [54.1% (7.8% points above CON)]; ATTD of Ca tended to be increased in PhyG5,000 vs. CON. Linear dose-response relationships were observed for ATTD of DM, CP, P, Ca, and PP. In addition, fecal excretion of P, and PP linearly reduced and that of Ca and CP tended to linearly reduce with increasing PhyG dose level. No difference was observed for DM intake and milk composition was unaffected except for milk protein which tended to be higher in cows fed PhyG5,000 than CON. In summary, the addition of exogeno
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- 2023
8. In situ and in vitro determination of the protein value of feeds for ruminants
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Rupp, Christiane, primary, Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, additional, and Susenbeth, Andreas, additional
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- 2021
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9. Diets for Dairy Cows with Different Proportions of Crude Protein Originating from Red Clover Silage versus Soybean Meal: Ruminal Degradation and Intestinal Digestibility of Amino Acids
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Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, primary, Blank, Ralf, additional, Paschke-Beese, Monika, additional, Kühl, Wiebke, additional, Wolffram, Siegfried, additional, Metges, Cornelia C., additional, and Susenbeth, Andreas, additional
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- 2021
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10. Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover Silage
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Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, primary, Castro-Montoya, Joaquín, additional, Hasler, Mario, additional, and Susenbeth, Andreas, additional
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- 2020
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11. Effects of abomasally infused amylase and increasing amounts of corn starch on fecal excretion of starch, total and microbial nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids in heifers1
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Robbers, Kristina, primary, Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, additional, Troescher, Arnulf, additional, and Susenbeth, Andreas, additional
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- 2019
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12. Protein value of diets for dairy cows with different proportions of crude protein originating from red clover silage versus soybean meal
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Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, primary, Blank, Ralf, additional, Metges, Cornelia C., additional, and Susenbeth, Andreas, additional
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- 2018
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13. In vitro rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and composition of microbial community of total mixed rations replacing maize silage with red clover silage
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Castro-Montoya, Joaquín, primary, Witzig, Maren, additional, Rahman, Mizanur, additional, Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, additional, and Dickhoefer, Uta, additional
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- 2018
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14. Postruminal digestion of starch infused into the abomasum of heifers with or without exogenous amylase administration
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Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, primary, Robbers, Kristina, additional, Blank, Ralf, additional, Tröscher, Arnulf, additional, Dickhoefer, Uta, additional, Wolffram, Siegfried, additional, and Susenbeth, Andreas, additional
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- 2018
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15. Replacing maize silage with red clover silage in total mixed rations for dairy cows: In vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and associative effects
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Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, primary, Blank, Ralf, additional, Schulz, Franziska, additional, and Susenbeth, Andreas, additional
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- 2017
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16. Effects of abomasally infused amylase and increasing amounts of corn starch on fecal excretion of starch, total and microbial nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids in heifers.
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Robbers, Kristina, Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, Troescher, Arnulf, and Susenbeth, Andreas
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CORNSTARCH , *STARCH , *FATTY acids , *EXCRETION , *CROSSOVER trials , *SMALL intestine - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to study the effect of exogenous amylase on postruminal disappearance of increasing amounts of corn starch being infused into the abomasum of heifers, and to detect a possible limitation of starch digestion in the small intestine. Four rumen-fistulated heifers (2 German Black Pied and 2 Jersey × German Black Pied) with an initial BW of 565 ± 6 kg were fed 5.6 kg DM/d of a diet targeted to contain only a negligible amount of starch. Animals were assigned randomly to a crossover trial with 2 experimental periods lasting 35 d each with 10 d of diet adaption followed by 25 d of sample collection. During the sampling period, each animal was abomasally infused with native corn starch at 5 levels (953, 1,213, 1,425, 1,733, and 1,993 g DM/d) each for a 5-d period with and without exogenous amylase, respectively. At days 6 to 10 the heifers received an abomasal infusion of starch in amounts of 724 g/d. Feces were sampled 4 times a day during the collection periods. Titanium dioxide was ruminally administered (10 g/d) to estimate fecal excretion. Purine bases in feces were determined and used as a marker for microbial N excretion. Fecal excretion of microbial N increased linearly with increasing level of starch infusion (P < 0.001), indicating a constant proportion of the infused starch being fermented in the hindgut. In contrast, the apparent digestibility of starch from the total postruminal tract decreased linearly from 90% to 80% (P < 0.001) when the intestinal starch supply increased from 1 to 2 kg/d. There is strong evidence based on the increasing starch excretion with feces and the indication of a constant proportion of infused starch being fermented in the hindgut for a decreasing efficiency of starch digestion in the small intestine with increasing intestinal supply. Amylase administration increased fecal excretion of butyrate (P = 0.04) and tended to increase isovalerate excretion (P = 0.06). However, amylase did not affect fecal excretion of microbial N or starch, suggesting that pancreatic amylase activity may not be the primarily limiting factor of postruminal starch digestion in heifers when corn starch is abomasally infused in amounts up to 2 kg/d. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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17. Effects of abomasally infused amylase and increasing amounts of corn starch on fecal excretion of starch, total and microbial nitrogen, and volatile fatty acids in heifers.
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Robbers, Kristina, Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, Troescher, Arnulf, and Susenbeth, Andreas
- Subjects
CORNSTARCH ,STARCH ,FATTY acids ,EXCRETION ,CROSSOVER trials ,SMALL intestine - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to study the effect of exogenous amylase on postruminal disappearance of increasing amounts of corn starch being infused into the abomasum of heifers, and to detect a possible limitation of starch digestion in the small intestine. Four rumen-fistulated heifers (2 German Black Pied and 2 Jersey × German Black Pied) with an initial BW of 565 ± 6 kg were fed 5.6 kg DM/d of a diet targeted to contain only a negligible amount of starch. Animals were assigned randomly to a crossover trial with 2 experimental periods lasting 35 d each with 10 d of diet adaption followed by 25 d of sample collection. During the sampling period, each animal was abomasally infused with native corn starch at 5 levels (953, 1,213, 1,425, 1,733, and 1,993 g DM/d) each for a 5-d period with and without exogenous amylase, respectively. At days 6 to 10 the heifers received an abomasal infusion of starch in amounts of 724 g/d. Feces were sampled 4 times a day during the collection periods. Titanium dioxide was ruminally administered (10 g/d) to estimate fecal excretion. Purine bases in feces were determined and used as a marker for microbial N excretion. Fecal excretion of microbial N increased linearly with increasing level of starch infusion (P < 0.001), indicating a constant proportion of the infused starch being fermented in the hindgut. In contrast, the apparent digestibility of starch from the total postruminal tract decreased linearly from 90% to 80% (P < 0.001) when the intestinal starch supply increased from 1 to 2 kg/d. There is strong evidence based on the increasing starch excretion with feces and the indication of a constant proportion of infused starch being fermented in the hindgut for a decreasing efficiency of starch digestion in the small intestine with increasing intestinal supply. Amylase administration increased fecal excretion of butyrate (P = 0.04) and tended to increase isovalerate excretion (P = 0.06). However, amylase did not affect fecal excretion of microbial N or starch, suggesting that pancreatic amylase activity may not be the primarily limiting factor of postruminal starch digestion in heifers when corn starch is abomasally infused in amounts up to 2 kg/d. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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18. Effect of dietary Quebracho tannin extract on feed intake, digestibility, excretion of urinary purine derivatives and milk production in dairy cows
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Henke, Anika, primary, Dickhoefer, Uta, additional, Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, additional, Knappstein, Karin, additional, Molkentin, Joachim, additional, Hasler, Mario, additional, and Susenbeth, Andreas, additional
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- 2016
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19. Variability of the protein and energy values of European dried distillers´ grains with solubles for ruminants
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Westreicher Kristen, Edwin
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Milch ,amino acids ,milk ,digestibility ,Protein ,Protein fractionation ,ddc:630 ,Aminosäuren ,Agriculture ,Proteine ,Fraktionierung ,UDP ,Verdaulichkeit - Abstract
The increasing demand of energy together with the implementation of the European Program for the use of energy from renewable sources are favourable scenarios to increment the ethanol production in the coming years in the EU. Ethanol production yields dried distillers´ grains with soluble (DDGS) as the main by-product, a valuable feedstuff for ruminants. A great number of publications mainly form USA and Canada has demonstrated the great variability of the feed value of corn-DDGS, the main by-product from ethanol production in these countries. In the EU, different and diverse technological conditions predominate and little was investigated to evaluate the feed value of DDGS. The variability of feeding value in conjunction with expected increase of DDGS production demands for further and more specific characterization of this by-product in the EU. Therefore, a project was conceived to characterize the chemical composition and evaluate the protein and energy value for ruminants of DDGS from different European countries. Thirteen samples of DDGS originating from wheat, corn, barley, and blends of different substrates were used. In the first study, the objective was to characterize variations in the composition and nutritive value of DDGS, and to estimate the undegradable crude protein (UDP) in DDGS. The rumen degradation of crude protein (CP) was determined using the nylon bag technique. Samples were incubated for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 72 h, and in situ degradation kinetics were determined. UDP was estimated using a passage rate of 8 %/h. In vitro gas production was measured to estimate the metabolizable energy (ME), net energy for lactation (NEL) and in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM). Chemical profiles varied among samples (in g/kg dry matter (DM) ± standard deviation, the values were 310 ± 33 CP, 86 ± 37 ether extract, 89 ± 18 crude fibre, 408 ± 39 neutral detergent fibre, 151 ± 39 acid detergent fibre, and 62 ± 31 acid detergent lignin), as well as in protein fractions according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (in g/kg CP, the values were 161 ± 82 for fraction A, 24 ± 11 for fraction B1, 404 ± 105 for fraction B2, 242 ± 61 for fraction B3, and 170 ± 87 for fraction C). ME, NEL (MJ/kg DM) and IVDOM (%), also varied among samples: 12.1 ± 0.59, 7.3 ± 0.39, and 72.5 ± 4.30, respectively. The in situ rapidly degradable CP fraction (a) varied from 10.2 to 30.6%, and the potentially degradable fraction (b) averaged to 66.8%. UDP varied from 8.6 to 62.6% of CP. This first study suggests significant variations in composition and nutritive value among different sources of DDGS. UDP could be predicted on the basis of analysed CP fractions, but the accuracy of UDP prediction improved upon the inclusion of neutral-detergent insoluble nitrogen, explaining 94% of the variation in the UDP values. To conclude, chemical protein fractions may be used to predict the UDP values of DDGS and the variability in the protein fractions of DDGS should be considered when formulating diets for dairy cows. To provide additional information on the nutritional value of DDGS, a second study was carried out to determine and compare the in situ ruminal degradation of CP and amino acids (AAs) of DDGS and to characterize the in vitro pepsin-pancreatin solubility of CP (PPS) from dietary DDGS (d-DDGS) and DDGS residue (DDGS-r) obtained after 16-h ruminal incubation. The rumen degradation of AAs and CP was determined using nylon bag incubations in the rumen of cows. Lysine and methionine content of d-DDGS varied from 1.36 to 4.00 and 1.34 to 1.99 g/16 g N, respectively. The milk protein score (MPS) of d-DDGS was low and ranged from 0.36 to 0.51, and lysine and isoleucine were estimated to be the most limiting AAs in d-DDGS and DDGS-r. DDGS-r contained slightly more essential AAs than did the d-DDGS. Rumen degradation of CP after 16 h varied from 44% to 94% between DDGS samples. Rumen degradation of lysine and methionine ranged from 39% to 90% and from 35% to 92%, respectively. Linear regressions showed that ruminal degradation of individual AAs can be predicted from CP degradation. The PPS of d-DDGS was higher than that of DDGS-r and it varied from 70% to 89% and from 47% to 81%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the PPS of d-DDGS and PPS of DDGS-r (R2 = 0.31). The estimated intestinally absorbable dietary protein (IADP) averaged 21%. Moderate correlation was found between the crude fibre content and PPS of DDGS-r (R2 = 0.43). This study suggests an overestimation of the contribution of UDP of DDGS to digestible protein supply in the duodenum in currently used protein evaluation systems. More research is required and recommended to assess the intestinal digestibility of AAs from DDGS. Finally, in a third study, three sources of DDGS were evaluated in diets of mid-lactating dairy cows on milk production and milk composition and on digestibility in sheep. DDGS from wheat, corn and barley (DDGS1), wheat and corn (DDGS2) and wheat (DDGS3) were studied and compared with a rapeseed meal (RSM). RSM and DDGS were characterized through in situ CP degradability. Nutrient digestibility was determined in sheep. Twenty-four multiparous cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28-day periods. Treatments included total mixed rations containing as primary protein sources RSM (control), DDGS1 (D1), DDGS2 (D2) or DDGS3 (D3). RSM contained less rapidly degradable CP (fraction a), more potentially degradable CP (fraction b) and more UDP than the three DDGS. In vivo organic matter digestibility of RSM was similar to DDGS. Calculated NEL was lower for RSM (7.4 MJ/kg DM) than for DDGS, which averaged 7.7 MJ/kg DM. Cows? dry matter intake did not differ between diets (21.7 kg/d). Cows fed D1 yielded more milk than those fed D3 (31.7 vs. 30.4 kg/d); no differences were found between control and DDGS diets (31.3 vs. 31.1 kg/d). Energy-corrected milk was similar among diets (31.2 kg/d). Diets affected neither milk fat concentration (4.0%) nor milk fat yield (1.24 kg/d). Milk protein yield of control cows (1.12 kg/d) was significantly higher than D3 (1.06 kg/d) but not different from D1 and D2 (1.08 kg/d each). Feeding DDGS significantly increased milk lactose concentration (4.91%) compared to control (4.81%). DDGS can be a suitable feed compared to RSM and can be fed up to 4 kg dry matter per day in rations of dairy cows in mid-lactation. To conclude, DDGS is a suitable feedstuff for ruminants in terms of chemical composition, energy and protein value. However, the variability should be considered when included in diets of ruminants, especially in animals with high performance. For this purpose, prediction approaches initated in this study should be further developed into tools for routine application for rapid DDGS evaluation and estimation of feed values. These approaches might also be usefull for the evaluation of other feed protein sources and taked into consideration for practical feeding and diets formulation. Die steigende Nachfrage nach Energie sowie die Umsetzung des europäischen Programmes für die Nutzung von Energie aus erneubaren Ressourcen sind günstige Szenarien für das Wachstum der Ethanolproduktion der EU in den nächsten Jahren. Bei der Ethanolproduktion fällt Trockenschlempe (DDGS) als wichtigstes Nebenprodukt an, welche ein hochwertiges Futtermittel für Wiederkäuer darstellt. Zahlreiche Publikationen, überwiegend aus den USA und Kanada, haben die große Variabilität des Futterwertes von Mais-DDGS gezeigt, welche in diesen Ländern das wichtigste Nebenprodukt bei der Ethanolproduktion bildet. In der EU liegen verschiedene und vielfältige technologische Bedingungen vor, wobei es kaum Untersuchungen zur Evaluierung des Futterwertes von DDGS gibt. Die Variabilität des Futterwertes in Verbindung mit der erwarteten Zunahme der DDGS Produktion fordert eine weitere und spezifischere Charakterisierung dieses Nebenproduktes in der EU. Deshalb wurde ein Projekt konzipiert, um die chemische Zusammensetzung von DDGS aus verschiedenen europäischen Ländern zu charakterisieren und deren Protein- und Energiewert für Wiederkäuer zu evaluieren. Dreizehn DDGS-Proben, hergestellt aus Weizen, Mais, Gerste oder Mischungen verschiedener Substrate, wurden untersucht. Ziel der ersten Studie war es, die Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung und im Futterwert von DDGS zu beschreiben und die Gehalte der DDGS an nicht abbaubarem Rohprotein (UDP) zu schätzen. Der ruminale Abbau des Rohproteins (CP) wurde mittels der Nylonbeutel-Technik bestimmt. Die Proben wurden über 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 und 72h inkubiert und es wurde die in situ Abbaukinetik bestimmt. Der UDP Gehalt wurde für eine Passagerate von 8%/h geschätzt. Über die Ermittlung der Gasbildung in vitro erfolgte die Schätzung des Gehaltes an Umsetzbarer Energie (ME), Nettoenergie Laktation (NEL) und der in vitro Verdaulichkeit der organischen Substanz (IVDOM). Die chemische Zusammensetzung variierte zwischen Proben (in g/kg Trockensubstanz (TS) ± Standardabweichung (SD), die Werte betrugen 310 ± 33 CP, 86 ± 37 Rohfett, 89 ± 18 Rohfaser, 408 ± 39 Neutral-Detergenz-Faser, 151 ± 39 Säure-Detergenz-Faser und 62 ± 31 Säure-Detergenz-Lignin) sowie zwischen den Proteinfraktionen, die nach dem Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System bestimmt wurden (in g/kg CP, die Werte betrugen 161 ± 82 für Fraktion A, 24 ± 11 für Fraktion B1, 404 ± 105 für Fraktion B2, 242 ± 61 für Fraktion B3 und 170 ± 87 für Fraktion C). ME, NEL (MJ/kg TS) sowie IVDOM (%) schwankten ebenfalls zwischen den Proben: 12.1 ± 0.59, 7.3 ± 0.39 und 72.5 ± 4.30. Die in situ lösliche Fraktion des CP (a) variierte zwischen 10.2 und 30.6%, die potentiell abbaubare Fraktion (b) lag im Mittel bei 66.8%. Der UDP Gehalt betrug 8.6-62.6% des CP. Diese erste Studie weist auf signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen DDGS-Proben in der Zusammensetzung sowie im Futterwert hin. UDP konnte aus den analysierten Rohprotein Fraktionen geschätzt werden, jedoch wurde die Genauigkeit der UDP Schätzung durch die Einbeziehung des Neutral-Detergenz-unlöslichen N verbessert, wodurch 94% der Variation der UDP Werte erklärt werden konnten. Hieraus lässt sich schlussfolgern, dass die chemischen CP Fraktionen für die Schätzung der UDP Werte von DDGS verwendet werden können und die Variabilität der Proteinfraktionen von DDGS bei der Gestaltung von Milchviehrationen berücksichtigt werden sollte. Für die Gewinnung weiterer Informationen zum Futterwert von DDGS wurde eine zweite Studie durchgeführt. Hierin sollte der ruminale in situ Abbau von Rohprotein und Aminosäuren verschiedener DDGS bestimmt und verglichen werden. Desweiteren sollte eine Charakterisierung der in vitro Pepsin-Pankreatin Löslichkeit des CP (PPS) der verfütterten DDGS (d-DDGS) und der nach 16 stündiger Inkubation verbleibenden DDGS-Rückstände (DDGS-r) erfolgen. Der ruminale Abbau von AS und CP wurde mithilfe von Nylonbeuteln in Pansen fistulierten Kühen bestimmt. Die Lysin- und Methioningehalte verschiedener d-DDGS schwankten zwischen 1.36 und 4.00 bzw. 1.34 und 1.99 g/16 g N. Der Milcheiweiß Score (MPS) von d-DDGS fiel gering aus und schwankte zwischen 0.36 und 0.51. Lysin und Isoleucin wurden als meist limitierende AS in d-DDGS und DDGS-r geschätzt. In DDGS-r wurde ein etwas höherer Gehalt an essentiellen AS als in d-DDGS ermittelt. Der ruminale CP-Abbau nach 16h Inkubationszeit schwankte zwischen den DDGS-Proben im Bereich von 44-94%. Der ruminale Abbau von Lysin und Methionin betrug 39-90% bzw. 35-92%. Anhand linearer Regressionen konnte gezeigt werden, dass der ruminale Abbau einzelner AS aus dem CP-Abbau geschätzt werden kann. Die PPS von d-DDGS war höher als die der DDGS-r und variierte zwischen 70 und 89% bzw. 47 und 81%. Es wurde keine signifikante Korrelation zwischen der PPS von d-DDG und der PPS von DDGS-r ermittelt (R2 = 0.31). Der geschätzte Gehalt an intestinal absorbierbarem Futterprotein (IADP) lag im Durchschnitt bei 21%. Zwischen dem Gehalt an Rohfaser und PPS von DDGS-r wurde eine mittlere Korrelation ermittelt (R2 = 0.43). Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie weisen auf eine Überschätzung des Beitrags vom UDP der DDGS zur Versorgung mit verdaulichem Eiweiß am Duodenum in den aktuell verwendeten Protein-Bewertungssystemen hin. Weitere Studien zur Bestimmung der intestinalen Verdaulichkeit von AS aus DDGS sind erforderlich. Schließlich wurden in einer dritten Studie drei DDGS-Quellen in Rationen von Milchkühen in der Mittellaktation hinsichtlich der Milchproduktion und Milchzusammensetzung evaluiert. Desweiteren wurde die Verdaulichkeit dieser DDGS-Quellen bei Schafen ermittelt. DDGS aus Weizen, Mais und Gerste (DDGS1), Weizen und Mais (DDGS2) und Weizen (DDGS3) wurden untersucht und mit einem Rapsextraktionsschrot verglichen (RES). RES und DDGS wurden zunächst anhand der in situ CP-Abbaubarkeit charakterisiert. Die Nährstoffverdaulichkeit wurde bei Schafen bestimmt. Die Versuchsanordnung erfolgte in einem 4 × 4 Lateinischen Quadrat mit 24 multiparen Kühen in 28-tägigen Versuchsperioden. Die Versuchsrationen bestanden aus Total-Misch-Rationen, die als Hauptproteinquelle RES (Kontrolle), DDGS1 (D1), DDGS2 (D2) oder DDGS3 (D3) enthielten. Im RES war weniger lösliches CP (Fraktion a), mehr potentiell abbaubares CP (Fraktion b) und mehr UDP enthalten verglichen mit den drei DDGS. Die in vivo Verdaulichkeiten der organischen Substanz von RES und DDGS waren vergleichbar. Die für RES (7.4 MJ/kg TS) kalkulierte NEL fiel geringer aus verglichen mit DDGS, bei der die NEL im Mittel 7.7 MJ/kg TS betrug. Zwischen den Rationen wurden keine Unterschiede in der TS-Aufnahme der Kühe festgestellt (21.7 kg/d). Die Milchleistung der Kühe, die Ration D1 erhielten, war höher verglichen mit Ration D3 (31.7 vs. 30.4 kg/d); wobei zwischen der Kontrollration und den DDGS Rationen kein Unterschied ermittelt wurde (31.3 vs. 31.1 kg/d). Es wurden keine Unterschiede in der Energie-korrigierten Milch zwischen den Rationen festgestellt (31.2 kg/d). Die Rationen zeigten keinen Effekt auf den Milchfettgehalt (4.0%) oder die Milchfettmenge (1.24 kg/d). Die Fütterung der Kontrollration erbrachte einen signifikant höheren Micheiweißmenge (1.12 kg/d) verglichen mit D3 (1.06 kg/d), aber keinen signifikant verschiedenen Milcheiweißmenge verglichen mit D1 oder D2 (1.08 kg/d bei beiden). DDGS führte zu einer signifikanten Erhöhung der Milchlaktosekonzentration (4.91%) verglichen zur Kontrolle (4.81%). Demzufolge kann DDGS ein adäquates Futtermittel zu RES sein und kann mit bis zu 4 kg Trockenmasse pro Tag in Rationen von Milchkühen in der Mittellaktation eingesetzt werden. Abschließend kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass DDGS hinsichtlich der chemischen Zusammensetzung sowie des Energie- und Proteinwertes ein geeignetes Futtermittel für Wiederkäuer darstellt. Allerdings sollte die Variabilität beim Einsatz in Wiederkäuerrationen berücksichtig werden, insbesondere bei Tieren mit hoher Leistung. Zu diesem Zweck sollten die in dieser Studie entwickelten Ansätze zu den Schätzungen weiterentwickelt werden, mit dem Ziel einer routinemäßigen Anwendung für eine schnelle Bewertung und Schätzung der Futterwerte von DDGS. Diese Ansätze könnten auch für die Bewertung von anderen Proteinträgern nützlich sein und in der praktischen Fütterung und Rationsgestaltung berücksichtigt werden.
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- 2013
20. Estimation of utilisable crude protein at the duodenum of dried distillers’ grains with solubles using a modified gas test
- Author
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Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, primary, Steingass, Herbert, additional, and Rodehutscord, Markus, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Effect of dietary Quebracho tannin extract on feed intake, digestibility, excretion of urinary purine derivatives and milk production in dairy cows.
- Author
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Henke, Anika, Dickhoefer, Uta, Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, Knappstein, Karin, Molkentin, Joachim, Hasler, Mario, and Susenbeth, Andreas
- Subjects
TANNINS in animal nutrition ,QUEBRACHO ,PURINES ,MILK yield ,DAIRY cattle feeding & feeds ,URINALYSIS - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Quebracho tannin extract (QTE) on feed intake, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), excretion of urinary purine derivatives (PD) and milk composition and yield in dairy cows. Fifty Holstein cows were divided into two groups. To reach a similar performance of both groups, cows were divided according to their milk yield, body weight, days in milk and number of lactations at the start of the experiment averaging 33.2 ± 8.2 kg/d, 637 ± 58 kg, 114 ± 73 d and 2.3 ± 1.6 lactations, respectively. The cows were fed a basal diet as total mixed ration containing on dry matter (DM) basis 34% grass silage, 32% maize silage and 34% concentrate feeds. Three dietary treatments were tested, the control (CON, basal diet without QTE), QTE15(basal diet with QTE at 15 g/kg DM) and QTE30(basal diet with QTE at 30 g/kg DM). Two treatments were arranged along six periods each 21 d (13 d adaptation phase and 8 d sampling phase). The ATTD of DM and organic matter were reduced only in Diet QTE30, whereas both QTE treatments reduced ATTD of fibre and nitrogen (N), indicating that QTE impaired rumen fermentation. Nevertheless, feed intake was unaffected by QTE. In Diet CON, urinary N excretion accounted for 29.8% of N intake and decreased in treatments QTE15and QTE30to 27.5% and 17.9%, respectively. Daily faecal N excretion increased in treatments CON, QTE15and QTE30from 211 to 237 and 273 g/d, respectively, which amounted to 39.0%, 42.4% and 51.7% of the N intake, respectively. Hence, QTE shifted N excretion from urine to faeces, whereas the proportion of ingested N appearing in milk was not affected by QTE (average 30.7% of N intake). Daily PD excretion as indicator for microbial crude protein (CP) flow at the duodenum decreased in treatment QTE30compared with Diet CON from 413 to 280 mmol/d. The ratios of total PD to creatinine suggest that urinary PD excretion was already lower when feeding Diet QTE15. While there was no effect of Diet QTE15, treatment QTE30reduced milk yield, milk fat and protein. Both QTE treatments reduced milk urea concentration, which suggest that ruminal degradation of dietary CP was reduced. In summary, adding QTE at dosages of 15 and 30 g/kg DM to diets of lactating dairy cows to improve feed and protein use efficiency is not recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Variations in chemical composition andin vitroandin situruminal degradation characteristics of dried distillers’ grains with solubles from European ethanol plants
- Author
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Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, primary, Steingass, Herbert, additional, and Rodehutscord, Markus, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Variations in chemical composition and in vitro and in situ ruminal degradation characteristics of dried distillers’ grains with solubles from European ethanol plants.
- Author
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Westreicher-Kristen, Edwin, Steingass, Herbert, and Rodehutscord, Markus
- Subjects
- *
RUMEN (Ruminants) , *DISTILLERS , *BIOCHEMISTRY , *ETHANOL , *GRAIN drying , *BIODEGRADATION of organic compounds , *NUTRITIVE value of feeds - Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterise variations in the composition and nutritive value of dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) for ruminants, and to estimate the undegradable crude protein (UDP) in DDGS. Thirteen samples originating from wheat, corn, barley and blends of different substrates were studied. The rumen degradation of crude protein (CP) was determined using the nylon bag technique. Samples were incubated for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 72 h, and in situ degradation kinetics were determined. The UDP was estimated using a passage rate of 8%/h. In vitro gas production was measured to estimate the metabolisable energy (ME), net energy for lactation (NEL) and in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM). Chemical profiles varied among samples [in g/kg dry matter (DM) ± standard deviation]; the values were 310 ± 33 CP, 86 ± 37 ether extract, 89 ± 18 crude fibre, 408 ± 39 neutral detergent fibre, 151 ± 39 acid detergent fibre and 62 ± 31 acid detergent lignin, as well as in protein fractions according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System [in g/kg CP]; the values were for fractions A, 161 ± 82; B1, 24 ± 11; B2, 404 ± 105; B3, 242 ± 61; and C, 170 ± 87. The ME, NEL [MJ/kg DM] and IVDOM [%] also varied among samples: 12.1 ± 0.59, 7.3 ± 0.39 and 72.5 ± 4.30, respectively. The in situ rapidly degradable CP fraction (a) varied from 10.2% to 30.6%, and the potentially degradable fraction (b) averaged to 66.8%. The UDP varied from 8.6% to 62.6% of CP. The present study suggests significant variations in composition and nutritive value among different sources of DDGS. The UDP could be predicted on the basis of analysed CP fractions, but the accuracy of UDP prediction improved upon the inclusion of neutral-detergent insoluble nitrogen, explaining 94% of the variation in the UDP values. We conclude that chemical protein fractions may be used to predict the UDP values of DDGS and that the variability in the protein fractions of DDGS should be considered when formulating diets for dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Effect of a biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase on the digestibility of phosphorus and phytate in midlactating dairy cows.
- Author
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Dersjant-Li Y, Kok I, Westreicher-Kristen E, García-González R, Mereu A, Christensen T, and Marchal L
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Female, Animal Feed analysis, Diet veterinary, Digestion, Lactation, Phosphorus pharmacology, Phytic Acid metabolism, Zea mays metabolism, 6-Phytase pharmacology, Phosphorus, Dietary metabolism
- Abstract
The effect of a biosynthetic bacterial 6-phytase (PhyG) on the digestibility and excretion of crude protein (CP), phosphorus (P), and phytate-P (PP) in midlactating dairy cows was investigated. Thirty Holstein-Friesians were assigned to three treatments with 10 cows per treatment in a randomized block design. Cows were fed forage (grass and corn silage) provided ad libitum, and a concentrate (without added inorganic phosphate) administered separately in amounts individualized per cow according to milk production, supplemented with phytase according to treatment. The formulated forage-to-concentrate-ratio was ~65%:35%. Dietary treatments comprised the control diet (CON) and CON supplemented with 2,000 (PhyG2,000) or 5,000 (PhyG5,000) phytase units (FTU)/kg DM in the total diet. The experiment comprised an 18-d preperiod for the collection of data to facilitate the allocation of cows to the treatments, followed by a 19-d experimental period comprising a 14-d diet adaptation period and 5 d of twice daily feces collection. Fecal samples were analyzed for the determination of apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of chemical constituents in the diet. The ATTD of PP was 92.6% in CON suggesting a high but incomplete degradation of phytate by ruminal microbial phytases. Cows fed PhyG2,000 exhibited increased ATTD of CP and PP [68.4% (2.7% points above CON) and 95.1% (2.5% points above CON), respectively] whilst PhyG5,000 further increased ATTD PP and also increased ATTD P [54.1% (7.8% points above CON)]; ATTD of Ca tended to be increased in PhyG5,000 vs. CON. Linear dose-response relationships were observed for ATTD of DM, CP, P, Ca, and PP. In addition, fecal excretion of P, and PP linearly reduced and that of Ca and CP tended to linearly reduce with increasing PhyG dose level. No difference was observed for DM intake and milk composition was unaffected except for milk protein which tended to be higher in cows fed PhyG5,000 than CON. In summary, the addition of exogenous phytase at 2,000 FTU/kg or higher to diets of lactating dairy cows improved P, PP, Ca, and CP digestibility and reduced fecal excretion of P, PP, and CP in a dose-dependent manner., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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