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1. The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset.

Author

Díaz, Sandra, Kattge, Jens, Cornelissen, Johannes HC, Wright, Ian J, Lavorel, Sandra, Dray, Stéphane, Reu, Björn, Kleyer, Michael, Wirth, Christian, Prentice, I Colin, Garnier, Eric, Bönisch, Gerhard, Westoby, Mark, Poorter, Hendrik, Reich, Peter B, Moles, Angela T, Dickie, John, Zanne, Amy E, Chave, Jérôme, Wright, S Joseph, Sheremetiev, Serge N, Jactel, Hervé, Baraloto, Christopher, Cerabolini, Bruno EL, Pierce, Simon, Shipley, Bill, Casanoves, Fernando, Joswig, Julia S, Günther, Angela, Falczuk, Valeria, Rüger, Nadja, Mahecha, Miguel D, Gorné, Lucas D, Amiaud, Bernard, Atkin, Owen K, Bahn, Michael, Baldocchi, Dennis, Beckmann, Michael, Blonder, Benjamin, Bond, William, Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Brown, Kerry, Burrascano, Sabina, Byun, Chaeho, Campetella, Giandiego, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Chapin, F Stuart, Choat, Brendan, Coomes, David Anthony, Cornwell, William K, Craine, Joseph, Craven, Dylan, Dainese, Matteo, de Araujo, Alessandro Carioca, de Vries, Franciska T, Domingues, Tomas Ferreira, Enquist, Brian J, Fagúndez, Jaime, Fang, Jingyun, Fernández-Méndez, Fernando, Fernandez-Piedade, Maria T, Ford, Henry, Forey, Estelle, Freschet, Gregoire T, Gachet, Sophie, Gallagher, Rachael, Green, Walton, Guerin, Greg R, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G, Harrison, Sandy P, Hattingh, Wesley Neil, He, Tianhua, Hickler, Thomas, Higgins, Steven I, Higuchi, Pedro, Ilic, Jugo, Jackson, Robert B, Jalili, Adel, Jansen, Steven, Koike, Fumito, König, Christian, Kraft, Nathan, Kramer, Koen, Kreft, Holger, Kühn, Ingolf, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Lamb, Eric G, Laughlin, Daniel C, Leishman, Michelle, Lewis, Simon, Louault, Frédérique, Malhado, Ana CM, Manning, Peter, Meir, Patrick, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Messier, Julie, Miller, Regis, Minden, Vanessa, Molofsky, Jane, and Montgomery, Rebecca

Abstract

Here we provide the 'Global Spectrum of Plant Form and Function Dataset', containing species mean values for six vascular plant traits. Together, these traits -plant height, stem specific density, leaf area, leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen content per dry mass, and diaspore (seed or spore) mass - define the primary axes of variation in plant form and function. The dataset is based on ca. 1 million trait records received via the TRY database (representing ca. 2,500 original publications) and additional unpublished data. It provides 92,159 species mean values for the six traits, covering 46,047 species. The data are complemented by higher-level taxonomic classification and six categorical traits (woodiness, growth form, succulence, adaptation to terrestrial or aquatic habitats, nutrition type and leaf type). Data quality management is based on a probabilistic approach combined with comprehensive validation against expert knowledge and external information. Intense data acquisition and thorough quality control produced the largest and, to our knowledge, most accurate compilation of empirically observed vascular plant species mean traits to date.

Published
2022

2. A synthesis of bacterial and archaeal phenotypic trait data.

Author

Madin, Joshua S, Nielsen, Daniel A, Brbic, Maria, Corkrey, Ross, Danko, David, Edwards, Kyle, Engqvist, Martin KM, Fierer, Noah, Geoghegan, Jemma L, Gillings, Michael, Kyrpides, Nikos C, Litchman, Elena, Mason, Christopher E, Moore, Lisa, Nielsen, Søren L, Paulsen, Ian T, Price, Nathan D, Reddy, TBK, Richards, Matthew A, Rocha, Eduardo PC, Schmidt, Thomas M, Shaaban, Heba, Shukla, Maulik, Supek, Fran, Tetu, Sasha G, Vieira-Silva, Sara, Wattam, Alice R, Westfall, David A, and Westoby, Mark

Subjects
Bacteria, Archaea, Ecosystem, Phenotype, Genome, Bacterial, Genome, Archaeal
Abstract

A synthesis of phenotypic and quantitative genomic traits is provided for bacteria and archaea, in the form of a scripted, reproducible workflow that standardizes and merges 26 sources. The resulting unified dataset covers 14 phenotypic traits, 5 quantitative genomic traits, and 4 environmental characteristics for approximately 170,000 strain-level and 15,000 species-aggregated records. It spans all habitats including soils, marine and fresh waters and sediments, host-associated and thermal. Trait data can find use in clarifying major dimensions of ecological strategy variation across species. They can also be used in conjunction with species and abundance sampling to characterize trait mixtures in communities and responses of traits along environmental gradients.

Published
2020

3. Publisher Correction: Open Science principles for accelerating trait-based science across the Tree of Life

Author

Gallagher, Rachael V, Falster, Daniel S, Maitner, Brian S, Salguero-Gómez, Roberto, Vandvik, Vigdis, Pearse, William D, Schneider, Florian D, Kattge, Jens, Poelen, Jorrit H, Madin, Joshua S, Ankenbrand, Markus J, Penone, Caterina, Feng, Xiao, Adams, Vanessa M, Alroy, John, Andrew, Samuel C, Balk, Meghan A, Bland, Lucie M, Boyle, Brad L, Bravo-Avila, Catherine H, Brennan, Ian, Carthey, Alexandra JR, Catullo, Renee, Cavazos, Brittany R, Conde, Dalia A, Chown, Steven L, Fadrique, Belen, Gibb, Heloise, Halbritter, Aud H, Hammock, Jennifer, Hogan, J Aaron, Holewa, Hamish, Hope, Michael, Iversen, Colleen M, Jochum, Malte, Kearney, Michael, Keller, Alexander, Mabee, Paula, Manning, Peter, McCormack, Luke, Michaletz, Sean T, Park, Daniel S, Perez, Timothy M, Pineda-Munoz, Silvia, Ray, Courtenay A, Rossetto, Maurizio, Sauquet, Hervé, Sparrow, Benjamin, Spasojevic, Marko J, Telford, Richard J, Tobias, Joseph A, Violle, Cyrille, Walls, Ramona, Weiss, Katherine CB, Westoby, Mark, Wright, Ian J, and Enquist, Brian J

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Environmental Management, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences, Evolutionary biology, Environmental management
Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020

4. Open Science principles for accelerating trait-based science across the Tree of Life

Author

Gallagher, Rachael V, Falster, Daniel S, Maitner, Brian S, Salguero-Gómez, Roberto, Vandvik, Vigdis, Pearse, William D, Schneider, Florian D, Kattge, Jens, Poelen, Jorrit H, Madin, Joshua S, Ankenbrand, Markus J, Penone, Caterina, Feng, Xiao, Adams, Vanessa M, Alroy, John, Andrew, Samuel C, Balk, Meghan A, Bland, Lucie M, Boyle, Brad L, Bravo-Avila, Catherine H, Brennan, Ian, Carthey, Alexandra JR, Catullo, Renee, Cavazos, Brittany R, Conde, Dalia A, Chown, Steven L, Fadrique, Belen, Gibb, Heloise, Halbritter, Aud H, Hammock, Jennifer, Hogan, J Aaron, Holewa, Hamish, Hope, Michael, Iversen, Colleen M, Jochum, Malte, Kearney, Michael, Keller, Alexander, Mabee, Paula, Manning, Peter, McCormack, Luke, Michaletz, Sean T, Park, Daniel S, Perez, Timothy M, Pineda-Munoz, Silvia, Ray, Courtenay A, Rossetto, Maurizio, Sauquet, Hervé, Sparrow, Benjamin, Spasojevic, Marko J, Telford, Richard J, Tobias, Joseph A, Violle, Cyrille, Walls, Ramona, Weiss, Katherine CB, Westoby, Mark, Wright, Ian J, and Enquist, Brian J

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), Generic health relevance, Biodiversity, Biological Evolution, Ecology, Phenotype, Research, Evolutionary biology, Environmental management
Abstract

Synthesizing trait observations and knowledge across the Tree of Life remains a grand challenge for biodiversity science. Species traits are widely used in ecological and evolutionary science, and new data and methods have proliferated rapidly. Yet accessing and integrating disparate data sources remains a considerable challenge, slowing progress toward a global synthesis to integrate trait data across organisms. Trait science needs a vision for achieving global integration across all organisms. Here, we outline how the adoption of key Open Science principles-open data, open source and open methods-is transforming trait science, increasing transparency, democratizing access and accelerating global synthesis. To enhance widespread adoption of these principles, we introduce the Open Traits Network (OTN), a global, decentralized community welcoming all researchers and institutions pursuing the collaborative goal of standardizing and integrating trait data across organisms. We demonstrate how adherence to Open Science principles is key to the OTN community and outline five activities that can accelerate the synthesis of trait data across the Tree of Life, thereby facilitating rapid advances to address scientific inquiries and environmental issues. Lessons learned along the path to a global synthesis of trait data will provide a framework for addressing similarly complex data science and informatics challenges.

Published
2020

5. Functional recovery of secondary tropical forests

Author

Poorter, Lourens, Rozendaal, Danaë M. A., Bongers, Frans, Almeida, de Jarcilene S., Álvarez, Francisco S., Andrade, José Luís, Villa, Luis Felipe Arreola, Becknell, Justin M., Bhaskar, Radika, Boukili, Vanessa, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., César, Ricardo G., Chave, Jerome, Chazdon, Robin L., Colletta, Gabriel Dalla, Craven, Dylan, de Jong, Ben H. J., Denslow, Julie S., Dent, Daisy H., DeWalt, Saara J., García, Elisa Díaz, Dupuy, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M., Santo, Mário M. Espírito, Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Finegan, Bryan, Moser, Vanessa Granda, Hall, Jefferson S., Hernandez-Stefanoni, Jose Luis, Jakovac, Catarina C., Kennardb, Deborah, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Letcherd, Susan G., Lohbeck, Madelon, Lopez, Omar R., Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Meave, Jorge A., Mora, Francisco, de Souza Moreno, Vanessa, Müller, Sandra C., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Muscarella, Robert, Nunes, Yule R. F., Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Oliveira, Rafael S., Paz, Horacio, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía, Toledo, Marisol, Uriarte, Maria, Utrera, Luis P., van Breugel, Michiel, van der Sande, Masha T., Veloso, Maria D. M., Wright, S. Joseph, Zanini, Kátia J., Zimmerman, Jess K., and Westoby, Mark

Published
2021

7. AnimalTraits - a curated animal trait database for body mass, metabolic rate and brain size

Author

Herberstein, Marie E., McLean, Donald James, Lowe, Elizabeth, Wolff, Jonas O., Khan, Md Kawsar, Smith, Kaitlyn, Allen, Andrew P., Bulbert, Matthew, Buzatto, Bruno A., Eldridge, Mark D. B., Falster, Daniel, Fernandez Winzer, Laura, Griffith, Simon C., Madin, Joshua S., Narendra, Ajay, Westoby, Mark, Whiting, Martin J., Wright, Ian J., and Carthey, Alexandra J. R.

Published
2022
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8. Trait filtering in island floras: A conceptual framework.

Author

Schrader, Julian, Wright, Ian J., Kreft, Holger, Dixon, Kingsley, Gallagher, Rachael V., Andrew, Samuel C., Weigelt, Patrick, and Westoby, Mark

Subjects
PLANT colonization, COLONIZATION (Ecology), ISLAND plants, SIGNAL filtering, LEAF area
Abstract

Aim: Dispersal and environmental filtering processes affect plant species colonisation success on islands and can be identified by functional traits. However, the lack of synthesis about the different methodological approaches in functional ecology hampers generalisation of filtering processes across island systems. Location: Seventy islands of the Houtman Abrolhos archipelago, Western Australia. Major Taxa Studied: Angiosperms. Methods: We (i) apply a simple, conceptual framework based on the mean and variability of individual functional traits in plant assemblages to identify species filters on islands, (ii) illustrate how trait distributions of island assemblages change in relation to island area and their source pool, (iii) compare distributions of individual traits to multivariate functional diversity indices and trait spaces and (iv) provide guidelines to detect a signal of trait filtering in island floras. Results: The island assemblages showed evidence for selective filters operating on seed mass and marginally on leaf area but not on plant height. Mean and variability of seed mass differed to those of the source pool indicating selective forces operating between source pool and island assemblages, especially on smaller islands. Multivariate functional diversity indices and trait spaces failed to reveal filtering processes acting on the island assemblages and insights into the putative processes. Main Conclusions: Using the mean and variability of individual traits in plant assemblages provides direct information on the trait composition of island floras and the processes involved beyond what can be inferred from multivariate functional diversity indices or trait spaces. We used islands as their distinct boundaries and relatively simple sets of species provide good research models, but joint analyses of trait means and variability should also be applicable to understand filtering processes in isolates and habitat fragments on mainlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Habitat filtering determines the functional niche occupancy of plant communities worldwide

Author

Li, Yuanzhi, Shipley, Bill, Price, Jodi N, de L. Dantas, Vinícius, Tamme, Riin, Westoby, Mark, Siefert, Andrew, Schamp, Brandon S, Spasojevic, Marko J, Jung, Vincent, Laughlin, Daniel C, Richardson, Sarah J, Le Bagousse‐Pinguet, Yoann, Schöb, Christian, Gazol, Antonio, Prentice, Honor C, Gross, Nicolas, Overton, Jake, Cianciaruso, Marcus V, Louault, Frédérique, Kamiyama, Chiho, Nakashizuka, Tohru, Hikosaka, Kouki, Sasaki, Takehiro, Katabuchi, Masatoshi, Dussault, Cédric Frenette, Gaucherand, Stephanie, Chen, Ning, Vandewalle, Marie, and Batalha, Marco Antônio

Subjects
Life Below Water, community assembly, determinants of plant community diversity and structure, habitat filtering, intraspecific trait variability, limiting similarity, niche occupancy, species richness, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Ecology
Published
2018

13. Leaf manganese concentrations as a tool to assess belowground plant functioning in phosphorus-impoverished environments

Author

Lambers, Hans, Wright, Ian J., Guilherme Pereira, Caio, Bellingham, Peter J., Bentley, Lisa Patrick, Boonman, Alex, Cernusak, Lucas A., Foulds, William, Gleason, Sean M., Gray, Emma F., Hayes, Patrick E., Kooyman, Robert M., Malhi, Yadvinder, Richardson, Sarah J., Shane, Michael W., Staudinger, Christiana, Stock, William D., Swarts, Nigel D., Turner, Benjamin L., Turner, John, Veneklaas, Erik J., Wasaki, Jun, Westoby, Mark, and Xu, Yanggui

Published
2021
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16. AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora

Author

Falster, Daniel, Gallagher, Rachael, Wenk, Elizabeth H., Wright, Ian J., Indiarto, Dony, Andrew, Samuel C., Baxter, Caitlan, Lawson, James, Allen, Stuart, Fuchs, Anne, Monro, Anna, Kar, Fonti, Adams, Mark A., Ahrens, Collin W., Alfonzetti, Matthew, Angevin, Tara, Apgaua, Deborah M. G., Arndt, Stefan, Atkin, Owen K., Atkinson, Joe, Auld, Tony, Baker, Andrew, von Balthazar, Maria, Bean, Anthony, Blackman, Chris J., Bloomfield, Keith, Bowman, David M. J. S., Bragg, Jason, Brodribb, Timothy J., Buckton, Genevieve, Burrows, Geoff, Caldwell, Elizabeth, Camac, James, Carpenter, Raymond, Catford, Jane A., Cawthray, Gregory R., Cernusak, Lucas A., Chandler, Gregory, Chapman, Alex R., Cheal, David, Cheesman, Alexander W., Chen, Si-Chong, Choat, Brendan, Clinton, Brook, Clode, Peta L., Coleman, Helen, Cornwell, William K., Cosgrove, Meredith, Crisp, Michael, Cross, Erika, Crous, Kristine Y., Cunningham, Saul, Curran, Timothy, Curtis, Ellen, Daws, Matthew I., DeGabriel, Jane L., Denton, Matthew D., Dong, Ning, Du, Pengzhen, Duan, Honglang, Duncan, David H., Duncan, Richard P., Duretto, Marco, Dwyer, John M., Edwards, Cheryl, Esperon-Rodriguez, Manuel, Evans, John R., Everingham, Susan E., Farrell, Claire, Firn, Jennifer, Fonseca, Carlos Roberto, French, Ben J., Frood, Doug, Funk, Jennifer L., Geange, Sonya R., Ghannoum, Oula, Gleason, Sean M., Gosper, Carl R., Gray, Emma, Groom, Philip K., Grootemaat, Saskia, Gross, Caroline, Guerin, Greg, Guja, Lydia, Hahs, Amy K., Harrison, Matthew Tom, Hayes, Patrick E., Henery, Martin, Hochuli, Dieter, Howell, Jocelyn, Huang, Guomin, Hughes, Lesley, Huisman, John, Ilic, Jugoslav, Jagdish, Ashika, Jin, Daniel, Jordan, Gregory, Jurado, Enrique, Kanowski, John, Kasel, Sabine, Kellermann, Jürgen, Kenny, Belinda, Kohout, Michele, Kooyman, Robert M., Kotowska, Martyna M., Lai, Hao Ran, Laliberté, Etienne, Lambers, Hans, Lamont, Byron B., Lanfear, Robert, van Langevelde, Frank, Laughlin, Daniel C., Laugier-Kitchener, Bree-Anne, Laurance, Susan, Lehmann, Caroline E. R., Leigh, Andrea, Leishman, Michelle R., Lenz, Tanja, Lepschi, Brendan, Lewis, James D., Lim, Felix, Liu, Udayangani, Lord, Janice, Lusk, Christopher H., Macinnis-Ng, Cate, McPherson, Hannah, Magallón, Susana, Manea, Anthony, López-Martinez, Andrea, Mayfield, Margaret, McCarthy, James K., Meers, Trevor, van der Merwe, Marlien, Metcalfe, Daniel J., Milberg, Per, Mokany, Karel, Moles, Angela T., Moore, Ben D., Moore, Nicholas, Morgan, John W., Morris, William, Muir, Annette, Munroe, Samantha, Nicholson, Áine, Nicolle, Dean, Nicotra, Adrienne B., Niinemets, Ülo, North, Tom, O’Reilly-Nugent, Andrew, O’Sullivan, Odhran S., Oberle, Brad, Onoda, Yusuke, Ooi, Mark K. J., Osborne, Colin P., Paczkowska, Grazyna, Pekin, Burak, Guilherme Pereira, Caio, Pickering, Catherine, Pickup, Melinda, Pollock, Laura J., Poot, Pieter, Powell, Jeff R., Power, Sally A., Prentice, Iain Colin, Prior, Lynda, Prober, Suzanne M., Read, Jennifer, Reynolds, Victoria, Richards, Anna E., Richardson, Ben, Roderick, Michael L., Rosell, Julieta A., Rossetto, Maurizio, Rye, Barbara, Rymer, Paul D., Sams, Michael A., Sanson, Gordon, Sauquet, Hervé, Schmidt, Susanne, Schönenberger, Jürg, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Sendall, Kerrie, Sinclair, Steve, Smith, Benjamin, Smith, Renee, Soper, Fiona, Sparrow, Ben, Standish, Rachel J., Staples, Timothy L., Stephens, Ruby, Szota, Christopher, Taseski, Guy, Tasker, Elizabeth, Thomas, Freya, Tissue, David T., Tjoelker, Mark G., Tng, David Yue Phin, de Tombeur, Félix, Tomlinson, Kyle, Turner, Neil C., Veneklaas, Erik J., Venn, Susanna, Vesk, Peter, Vlasveld, Carolyn, Vorontsova, Maria S., Warren, Charles A., Warwick, Nigel, Weerasinghe, Lasantha K., Wells, Jessie, Westoby, Mark, White, Matthew, Williams, Nicholas S. G., Wills, Jarrah, Wilson, Peter G., Yates, Colin, Zanne, Amy E., Zemunik, Graham, and Ziemińska, Kasia

Published
2021
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17. Perspectives on the scientific legacy of J. Philip Grime

Author

Fridley, Jason D., primary, Liu, Xiaojuan, additional, Pérez‐Harguindeguy, Natalia, additional, Chapin, F. Stuart, additional, Crawley, Mick, additional, De Deyn, Gerlinde, additional, Díaz, Sandra, additional, Grace, James B., additional, Grubb, Peter, additional, Harrison, Susan, additional, Lavorel, Sandra, additional, Liu, Zhimin, additional, Pierce, Simon, additional, Schmid, Bernhard, additional, Stevens, Carly, additional, Wardle, David A., additional, and Westoby, Mark, additional

Published
2023
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22. Wet and dry tropical forests show opposite successional pathways in wood density but converge over time

Author

Poorter, Lourens, Rozendaal, Danaë M. A., Bongers, Frans, de Almeida-Cortez, Jarcilene S., Almeyda Zambrano, Angélica María, Álvarez, Francisco S., Andrade, José Luís, Villa, Luis Felipe Arreola, Balvanera, Patricia, Becknell, Justin M., Bentos, Tony V., Bhaskar, Radika, Boukili, Vanessa, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Broadbent, Eben N., César, Ricardo G., Chave, Jerome, Chazdon, Robin L., Colletta, Gabriel Dalla, Craven, Dylan, de Jong, Ben H. J., Denslow, Julie S., Dent, Daisy H., DeWalt, Saara J., García, Elisa Díaz, Dupuy, Juan Manuel, Durán, Sandra M., Espírito Santo, Mário M., Fandiño, María C., Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson, Finegan, Bryan, Moser, Vanessa Granda, Hall, Jefferson S., Hernández-Stefanoni, José Luis, Jakovac, Catarina C., Junqueira, André B., Kennard, Deborah, Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin, Letcher, Susan G., Lohbeck, Madelon, Lopez, Omar R., Marín-Spiotta, Erika, Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Martins, Sebastião V., Massoca, Paulo E. S., Meave, Jorge A., Mesquita, Rita, Mora, Francisco, de Souza Moreno, Vanessa, Müller, Sandra C., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Muscarella, Robert, de Oliveira Neto, Silvio Nolasco, Nunes, Yule R. F., Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Paz, Horacio, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Piotto, Daniel, Ruíz, Jorge, Sanaphre-Villanueva, Lucía, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, Schwartz, Naomi B., Steininger, Marc K., Thomas, William Wayt, Toledo, Marisol, Uriarte, Maria, Utrera, Luis P., van Breugel, Michiel, van der Sande, Masha T., van der Wal, Hans, Veloso, Maria D. M., Vester, Hans F. M., Vieira, Ima C. G., Villa, Pedro Manuel, Williamson, G. Bruce, Wright, S. Joseph, Zanini, Kátia J., Zimmerman, Jess K., and Westoby, Mark

Published
2019
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24. Global Patterns in Seed Size

Author

Moles, Angela T., Ackerly, David D., Tweddle, John C., Dickie, John B., Smith, Roger, Leishman, Michelle R., Mayfield, Margaret M., Wood, Jeff T., and Westoby, Mark

Published
2007
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27. Global patterns of leaf mechanical properties

Author

Onoda, Yusuke, Westoby, Mark, Adler, Peter B, Choong, Amy MF, Clissold, Fiona J, Cornelissen, Johannes HC, Díaz, Sandra, Dominy, Nathaniel J, Elgart, Alison, Enrico, Lucas, Fine, Paul VA, Howard, Jerome J, Jalili, Adel, Kitajima, Kaoru, Kurokawa, Hiroko, McArthur, Clare, Lucas, Peter W, Markesteijn, Lars, Pérez‐Harguindeguy, Natalia, Poorter, Lourens, Richards, Lora, Santiago, Louis S, Sosinski, Enio E, Van Bael, Sunshine A, Warton, David I, Wright, Ian J, Wright, S Joseph, and Yamashita, Nayuta

Subjects
Bioengineering, Biomechanical Phenomena, Light, Plant Leaves, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Plants, Rain, Stress, Mechanical, Tropical Climate, Biomechanics, fibre, global-trend, leaf traits, meta-analysis, toughness, Ecological Applications, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Leaf mechanical properties strongly influence leaf lifespan, plant-herbivore interactions, litter decomposition and nutrient cycling, but global patterns in their interspecific variation and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We synthesize data across the three major measurement methods, permitting the first global analyses of leaf mechanics and associated traits, for 2819 species from 90 sites worldwide. Key measures of leaf mechanical resistance varied c. 500-800-fold among species. Contrary to a long-standing hypothesis, tropical leaves were not mechanically more resistant than temperate leaves. Leaf mechanical resistance was modestly related to rainfall and local light environment. By partitioning leaf mechanical resistance into three different components we discovered that toughness per density contributed a surprisingly large fraction to variation in mechanical resistance, larger than the fractions contributed by lamina thickness and tissue density. Higher toughness per density was associated with long leaf lifespan especially in forest understory. Seldom appreciated in the past, toughness per density is a key factor in leaf mechanical resistance, which itself influences plant-animal interactions and ecosystem functions across the globe.

Published
2011

30. Factors That Shape Seed Mass Evolution

Author

Moles, Angela T., Ackerly, David D., Webb, Campbell O., Tweddle, John C., Dickie, John B., Pitman, Andy J., Westoby, Mark, and Field, Christopher B.

Published
2005

32. Assessing the Generality of Global Leaf Trait Relationships

Author

Wright, Ian J., Reich, Peter B., Falster, Daniel S., Garnier, Eric, Hikosaka, Kouki, Lamont, Byron B., Lee, William, Oleksyn, Jacek, Osada, Noriyuki, Poorter, Hendrik, Villar, Rafael, Warton, David I., and Westoby, Mark

Published
2005

33. A Brief History of Seed Size

Author

Moles, Angela T., Ackerly, David D., Webb, Campbell O., Tweddle, John C., Dickie, John B., and Westoby, Mark

Published
2005

41. Global climatic drivers of leaf size

Author

Wright, Ian J., Dong, Ning, Maire, Vincent, Prentice, I. Colin, Westoby, Mark, Díaz, Sandra, Gallagher, Rachael V., Jacobs, Bonnie F., Kooyman, Robert, Law, Elizabeth A., Leishman, Michelle R., Niinemets, Ülo, Reich, Peter B., Sack, Lawren, Villar, Rafael, Wang, Han, and Wilf, Peter

Published
2017

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