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To investigate long-term relationships between climate, vegetation, landscape geochemistry and fires in the boreal forest zone of Western Siberia, a sediment core of 345 cm was collected from Shchuchye Lake (located in south taiga zone of southeast part of West Siberian plain) and investigated by spore-pollen, radiocarbon, LOI and charcoal analyses. Quantitative palaeoclimate was reconstructed based on pollen data. Investigation revealed 13.2 cal ka history of vegetation, climate, landscapes and fires. In the dry climate of Late Glacial, the landscape was treeless. Continuous permafrost existed in the soil. In the middle of the YD cooling 12.4–12.2 cal ka BP, our data showed warming that caused degradation of permafrost in soils and settlement of spruce in moist places. Later, thawing and accumulation of moisture in a local lowering in relief increased and a lake was formed. With the beginning of the Holocene, the climate sharply changed to warmer and wetter. Intensified surface flow caused accumulation of mineral and carbonate fraction in the lake. Dense birch forests spread on drylands. As a result, the leaching regime initiated the formation of podzols in the soil. At about 10.0 cal ka BP, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) quickly spread in the area of investigation. Fires became more frequent and more intense during the dry Late Glacial time, sharply decreasing with increased precipitation in the Early Holocene, and again moderately increasing with spread of pine forests in the mid Holocene. With the transition to Late Holocene (after 6.0 cal ka BP), the intensity of regional background fires and number of local fires decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supplementary description of Liacarus neonominatus Subías, 2004 (Oribatida, Liacaridae) is presented, based on the material collected from soil and sand in a shrub-lichen tundra, Yamal Peninsula, Western Siberia, Russia. The main morphological traits of this species are summarized. The taxonomic status of some liacarid genera related with Liacarus is discussed, resulting in the following taxonomic proposals: Liacarus Michael, 1898 (= Dorycranosus Woolley, 1969 syn. nov., = Procorynetes Woolley, 1969 syn. nov., = Rhaphidosus Woolley, 1969 syn. nov.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk of melting West Siberian permafrost mires increases because of current climate warming, which could affect the global carbon balance. Predicting the effects of warming requires assessing changes in the area of permafrost mires. Geospatial models can be used for these purposes, as they allow for large-scale mapping of ecosystems over large areas. This study focuses on ecosystems of the Numto Nature Park (Western Siberia) where mires of various types with and without permafrost are widespread. We used Landsat 8 satellite imagery and the ASTER GDEM digital elevation model as predictors and a vegetation map as a target variable. Fifteen different machine learning models were trained and compared with each other, including four classical machine learning models and eleven deep learning models (neural networks). Among classical machine learning models, the Gradient Boosting model achieved the best results (accuracy of 75.7%), and among neural networks, DeepLabV3 with ResNet50 backbone performed the best (accuracy of 75.8%). Therefore, both models yielded approximately the same accuracy in modeling different types of mires. However, the neural network was better at modeling palsa permafrost mires and eutrophic and mesotrophic mires. In particular, the F1-scores of DeepLabV3 were 80.0% and 60.4%, while the Gradient Boosting model scored 78.5% and 56.5%, respectively. The mapping of the modeling results demonstrated that the use of neural networks makes it possible to preserve the original data structure and degree of data generalization. At the same time, the application of classical machine learning techniques results in ”salt and pepper effect” and leads to the fragmentation of continuous areas but allows to identify smaller details. However, training classical machine learning models with basic multiscale features generated from the data can decrease “salt and pepper effect” but also increases training time and degree of model overfitting. The models were successfully applied to map wetland types on land plots adjacent to the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this investigation is to determine the role of temperature in hydrocarbon generation in Bazhenov formation source rocks, as hydrothermal processes in situ are supposed to be the main contributor to kerogen transformation in Western Siberia. Laboratory modeling of organic matter isothermal transformation in powdered and extracted samples by hydrous pyrolysis at 300 °C, 325 °C, 350 °C, 375 °C, and 400 °C for 24 h was performed. Heated samples were analyzed via pyrolysis, and hydrocarbons were investigated by GC and GC-MS. Results show that more than 90% of the kerogen generation potential was utilized. The amounts of liquid and gaseous products reached 82 and 126 mg of hydrocarbon/g TOC, respectively. The volume of generated gas increased while the maximum production of liquid decreased with temperatures over 350 °C. The biomarker composition of liquid products at different temperatures was similar. The characteristics of kerogen and the product composition had a high correlation with the parameters for samples naturally formed in situ under an elevated heat flow. More subtle chemical analyses are required to determine the effects of kerogen's chemical structure and the rock mineral composition on oil and gas generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The work is devoted to the analysis of the influence of different states of the circumpolar vortex on local features of the geopotential fields, which, in turn, determine the variability of cold season precipitation for the studied territory of Western Siberia. Data and Methods. A statistical analysis of time series of seasonally average values of the precipitation amount in the cold season was performed, obtained from 33 meteorological stations located within the selected coordinate area. To analyze the distribution of hydrometeorological fields corresponding to different states of the circumpolar vortex, composite spatial distributions corresponding to the ten most typical years for both phases of the POL teleconnection index were constructed. Results and Discussion. A statistically significant relationship was established between the amount of precipitation in the cold season (November–March) on the studied territory and the state of the circumpolar vortex. It was shown that under the conditions of the negative phase of the POL index, the amount of precipitation in the cold season is greater than under the conditions of the positive phase of this index. Conclusions. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that under conditions of a weak circumpolar vortex and developed meridional processes (negative phase of POL) in the studied area, the amount of atmospheric precipitation in the cold season is greater than under conditions of a strong (positive phase of POL) circumpolar vortex and active latitudinal processes.

Ostracod assemblages from Upper Devonian sections of the northwestern vicinity of the Kuznetsk Basin on the Tom River are studied. In the studied region, biostratons were recognized at the rank of beds with fauna (Beds with Bairdia vassinoensis, Beds with Hollinella valentinae, Beds with Acratia granuliformis). Based on the quantitative analysis of ostracod assemblages at the generic level, dominant taxa were identified. Seven characteristic associations were recognized (Bairdia–Moorites, Moorites–Amphissites, Amphissites–Bairdia, Bairdia–Bairdiocypris, Amphissites–Hollinella, Acratia–Bairdiocypris, Knoxiella–Moorites), which were confined to the shallow parts of the paleobasin from the Middle Frasnian to the Early Famennian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a comparative morphological analysis and review of literary data, five species of Limnocytherinae from Western Siberia are revised, and their assignment to the genus Scordiscia Krstić et Schornikov, 1993 of the tribe Dinarocytherini Krstić, 1987, is substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of the genus Takemuraella (Radiolaria)–T. favosifluida sp. nov. has been described from deposits of the Upper Jurassic Bazhenov Formation based on materials from the Sredne-Balykskaya Borehole in Western Siberia (Parvicingula jonesi–P. excelsa Zone). The new species was also found in the South Tambeyskaya Borehole in the Russian Arctic, in the Upper Jurassic Parvicingula antoshkinae–P. blowi radiolarian Zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The chemical composition of the bioactive substances of various parts and organs of Agastache rugosa introduced in Western Siberia was studied. Samples of Agastache rugosa were collected by the authors in July–August, 2021–2022, in the territory of Tomsk oblast. Aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic extracts were obtained from the raw materials. Methods: The studies were conducted using PC, TLC, UV-spectroscopy, and titrimetry. The component composition of the essential oils was analyzed by GLC-MS on an Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph with quadrupole mass spectrometer (HP MSD 5973N). Results and Discussion: About 50 individual components were found, 30 of them for the first time. Vitamins (ascorbic acid, carotenoids), polysaccharides, phenolic compounds (flavonoids, phenolcarboxylic acids, tannins), and essential oil were found in all organs of the plant. Saponins were present in the flowers and the herb, but not in the fruits. The presence of acacetin, apigenin, quercetin, tilianin, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid was detected. Conclusions: Differences in the contents of bioactive substances in different organs were revealed. The dominant groups in different parts and organs of the plant were essential oil, phenolcarboxylic acids, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid. Flavonoids and chlorophyll in all organs of Agastache rugosa species belong to the group of minor bioactive substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of the current species composition of fish parasites in water bodies in the south of Western Siberia are presented, and the safety of fisheries based on the presence of trematode larvae from the Opisthorchiidae and Diphyllobothiidae families, which cause diseases in humans, is assessed in fish. To obtain these data, 817 fish specimens of 14 species belonging to five families were examined from May to November 2015: Coregonidae (1 species), Thymallidae (1), Cyprinidae (8), Lotidae (1), and Percidae (3). Ectoparasites (crustaceans and leeches) and endoparasites (monogeneans, trematodes, and cestodes) were found in the examined fish from 11 lakes and four rivers in four regions (Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, and Omsk oblasts) in the south of Western Siberia. The species composition of trematodes is the most diverse. Metacercariae of the families Opisthorchiidae (genera Metorchis and Opisthorchis), Bucephalidae (genus Rhipidocotyle), Prohemistomatidae (genus Paracoenogonimus), and Diplostomidae (genera Diplostomum, Posthodiplostomum, and Tylodelphys) were detected. Two species, Opisthorchis felineus and Metorchis bilis, are dangerous to humans and domestic animals. No individuals infected with plerocercoids of the family Diphyllobotriidae, which are dangerous to humans and domestic animals, were found among the 101 specimens of predatory fish of the two species examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A summary of the chronology for the key paleontological and archaeological site of Volchia Griva in the southern part of the West Siberian Plain is presented. Currently, 42 reliable 14C values have been generated on animal bones (37 14C dates) and charcoal (5 14C dates). Three stratigraphic levels of animal bones are established. The 14C ages of the fossils are as follows: the upper level—ca. 10,620–12,520 BP; the middle level—ca. 13,700–17,800 BP; and the lower level—ca. 18,230–19,790 BP. The majority of animal fossils and artifacts are associated with the lower level. Based on the results obtained, we suggest that Upper Paleolithic people occupied the Volchia Griva site during the second part of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), ca. 18,200–19,800 BP, and perhaps occasionally afterwards. It is obvious that these humans were well adapted to the cold and dry climate of the LGM, as well as numerous other populations in Siberia south of 58°N. It is noteworthy that the youngest 14C values on woolly mammoth are of ca. 10,620–11,815 BP, and this makes the Volchia Griva one of the latest mammoth refugia in northern Eurasia outside of the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the morphometry, hydrochemistry, zooplankton, and macrophytes of three unique round lakes in the Nadym River basin (Western Siberia, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO)). Their significant depths, weak lakeshore angularity, zero water color, and predominance of sulfates in the ionic composition are atypical for the northern taiga lakes of Western Siberia. Coastal aquatic vegetation is characterized by extremely low species richness with the dominance of Sparganium angustifolium, which is an indicator of highly transparent ultrafresh oligotrophic waters. Dominant complexes were formed in planktonic communities represented by 1–2 species with a high level of dominance. According to the level of development of total zooplankton biomass, the lakes are ultra- and oligotrophic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When studying the carbon cycle in the biosphere, special attention is paid in Russia to the transformation of organic matter in the surface layer of supergene zone. The group composition of the organic matter (OM) in peats of different genesis in the taiga zone of Western Siberia is studied. Our data show that it is important to take into account the botanical composition of peat that make up natural and reclaimed forest swamps, well as their spatial heterogeneity, which is a necessary component when estimating the carbon stocks in peat soils of forest ecosystems within the national monitoring system for carbon pools and greenhouse gas fluxes. The experiments on peat OM transformation demonstrate that its efficiency is determined by its botanical composition. According to the rate of OM decomposition, the oligotrophic peats form a sequence: sphagnum–hollow > complex > fuscum > scheuchzeria–sphagnum > cotton grass–sphagnum > scheuchzeria > cotton grass peats and eutrophic peats: hypnum > sedge > sedge–hypnum > menyanthes > woody > wood–sedge peats. According to two-year field experiments on the transformation rate and direction of the OM of peat-forming plants, the component and chemical compositions of their OM significantly changes but in an individual manner for each plant. The content of aromatic polyconjugated systems and carboxyl groups increases, while the amount of carbohydrate fragments decreases. A 60 years long forest amelioration influences the transformation of peat OM. The degree of grass and sedge peat species in the process of amelioration increases by 5% in the 75-cm layer; the content of bitumens decreases, whereas the contents of easily hydrolyzable substances, humic acids, and lignin, increases. The microbiomes and enzymes of the peats in forest swamps of Western Siberian taiga are characterized. Our results confirm the hypothesis by V.E. Rakovsky that the differences in the species composition of peat-forming plants manifest themselves in the chemical and biological characteristics of peat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the study is due to the need to assess changes in waters chemical composition of bogs under the influence of the pyrogenic factor. The aim of the work to study bog water chemistry of postfire areas in the forest-tundra and taiga zones of Western Siberia, to analyze the conditions for its formation and patterns of spatial variation depending on the degree of surface burnout. The objects of study were the Great Vasyugan bog, Ust-Bakchar bog, and palsa bog near the village of Pangody. Laboratory analysis of the water chemical composition was carried out by titrimetry, spectrophotometry, and flame photometry at the Laboratory and Analytical Center of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat. Analysis of the content of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, P, and Mn in water samples was carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at the Plasma Chemical Analytical Center. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. Studies have shown that an indicator of the influence of the pyrogenic factor on the water chemistry is an increase in pH, total dissolved solids and concentrations of K+ and , as well as Са2+, Mg2+, , Fetotal, , P, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb. During the self-restоratiоn of bogs after a fire, a gradual increase in the concentrations of , DOC and COD is noted in the waters. Analysis of data showed 4- to 16-times higher concentrations of Са2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, , , Fetotal, , DOC and COD, P, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the waters of the palsa bog in the forest-tundra zone in comparison with water samples taken in the burnt areas in the taiga zone of Western Siberia. Factor analysis showed that the leading factor in the formation of water chemistry is the degree of surface burnout, water temperature, and water table levels. Thus, studies have shown that the water chemistry of postfire bogs largely depends on the degree of surface burnout, the initial genetic characteristics of the bog, and the time elapsed after the fire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the morphology and histological structure of the femora of salamanders of the genus Kiyatriton K. krasnolutskii from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Berezovsk Quarry locality in Krasnoyarsk krai and K. leshchinskiyi from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) Shestakovo 1 locality in the Kemerovo Region. The femora of Kiyatriton are characterized by the presence of a large spur-like trochanter, a developed high trochanteric crest, a large ventral fossa (fossa trochanterica), and a bean-shaped proximal end in cross-section. The histological structure is characterized by the presence of a thick, almost avascular cortex formed by both the primary periosteal bone and secondary endosteal bone; a thick periosteal cortex, which consists of a parallel-fibred bone matrix and bears cyclical growth marks (annuli and LAGs), including double LAGs; a thick endosteal cortex consisting of a lamellar bone matrix; the presence of a small medullary cavity; the presence of the Katschenko's line; and the absence of a calcified cartilage and bone remodeling (erosion bays, secondary osteons, and resorption of the walls of the medullary cavity). The similarities in the morphological and histological structure of the femora of Kiyatriton and small-sized modern metamorphosing salamanders (large spur-like trochanter of the femur, deep ventral fossa, rounded proximal end of the femur, avascular periosteal cortex with growth marks, thick layer of endosteal bone forming the inner part of the cortex, and small medullary cavity) indicate that members of the genus Kiyatriton were metamorphosing salamanders with a terrestrial adult stage. The similarity in the structure of the femora of different-aged Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous representatives of Kiyatriton indicates that the biological features (growth pattern and the presence of metamorphosis) have not changed for about 40 million years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the geographical and socio-economic specificity of tourism in the sparsely populated and economically marginalised middle reaches of the Ob River, the paper proposes a conceptual revision of the sustainable development agenda in the context of tourism and more-than-human anthropology. The tourism experience here is inevitably complemented by a history of political repression, for the landscape that tourists enjoy today was the site of forced resettling schemes. Against this background, river and taiga possess non-human agency, not as development factors or tourism resources, but as agents of ruination and collective historical trauma. Conventional ideas of tourism as leisure miss important histories that are constitutive of both the region and tourism experience: this case shows the historical intertwining with the environmental, inverting established depictions of nature as mere backdrop for human activity. Thus, in the context of violent history, natural forces appear as actors that shape tourists' experiences today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the first find of a bird from the Paleogene of Siberia. A fragment of tibiotarsus from the Eocene Tavda Formation of the Tyumen Region (Western Siberia) is assigned to Procellariiformes. The bird is morphologically closer to Procellariidae, but comparable in size to albatrosses (Diomedeidae) and is assumed to represent the stem members of the family. The find indicated for the first time that either stem albatrosses or similar large Procellariiformes could have had a worldwide distribution as early as the Eocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance. The necessity to identify the characteristics of the distribution of chemical elements in the water–rock system using the example of the Zheleznodorozhny spring within the Ob-Zaisan folded region, actively used by the population for decentralized drinking water supply. Aim. To identify the features of the chemical and isotopic (238U, 234U, 226Ra, 228Ra) composition of spring waters and assess the nature of the equilibrium in the water–rock system. Methods. Laboratory studies of the chemical composition by means of titration, ion chromatography, mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma were carried out at the Research Laboratory of Hydrogeochemistry at the School of Earth Sciences and Engineering of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. The data on the total β-activity of waters, as well as on the activities of 234U, 238U, 226Ra and 228Ra, were obtained at the Center for Collective Use of Scientific Equipment for Multi-Element and Isotope Research Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS. Water-bearing rocks were studied using polarization microscopy at the Institute of Institute of Oil and Gas Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at the Plasma Chemical Analytical Center, Tomsk. Results. The study area is mainly dominated by thin-platy dark gray to black clayey shales, enriched to varying degrees with silty and carbonaceous material. Values of the ratio (La/Yb)N>8 and (Gd/Yb)N>1.5 indicate the predominance of acidic igneous rocks in the sources. To determine climatic conditions, the parameter ∑Ce/∑Y was used, which established a humid climate during the formation of rocks. The Zheleznodorozhny spring has a HCO3 Mg-Ca composition with a total mineralization value of 593 mg/dm3, the geochemical parameters of the environment correspond to an oxidizing environment with Eh +202.7 mV, pH 7.7 and a dissolved oxygen content of 5.20 mg/dm3. Comparing the chemical composition of the described spring waters with the host rocks composition, it can be assumed that the waters inherit their composition, which is expressed in repeating extremes. In comparison with the previously studied springs of the Inya River valley, the waters of the Zheleznodorozhny spring are enriched with uranium up to 4,76∙10–3 mg/dm3, which exceeds the level of the Insky springs (2,83∙10–3–4,16∙10–3 mg/dm3), but is lower than the studied objects in the village of Novolugovoe (3,08∙10–2–4,56∙10–2 mg/dm3). The uranium isotope ratio (γ) does not exceed 1.95. According to the results of thermodynamic calculations, the waters of the Zheleznodorozhny spring are in equilibrium with calcite and dolomite, as well as with kaolinite, which allows them to be classified as an aluminum-siliceous geochemical type.

Relevance. The need to bring undeveloped sediments of the Bazhenov horizon to development in areas that are well explored and have developed infrastructure. Objects. Anomalous section deposits of the Bazhenov Formation (J3-K1bn) of Western Siberia within the Uvat oil and gas bearing region. Aim. To ascertain the spread boundaries and structure parametrization of sediments of the Bazhenov formation anomalous section within the Uvat oil and gas bearing region through an integrated analysis of the core material study results, GIS and seismic data. Methods. Photomaterials of three core samples and the results of macro- and micro-description of rocks, measurement of natural radioactivity on the core by the spectrometric gamma-ray logging, palynological and microfaunistic studies. To clarify the structure of the Bazhenov formation, geophysical well surveys and 3D seismic data were used. The logging materials are represented by 154 wells and include the following methods: intrinsic polarisation, gamma ray logging, induction, neutron and lateral logs. Results. The authors have carried out the analysis of the Bazhenov formation sediments within the Uvat oil and gas bearing area. They carried out the lithological and petrographic analysis of the formation sediments in thin sections and determined the contribution of radioactive elements to the total natural radioactivity, according to which, in combination with GIS data, the Bazhenov formation was differentiated into rocks of mainly siliceous composition, siliceous-carbonate rocks, mudstones and sandy-silty mudstones. Biostratigraphic studies of samples of the Bazhenov formation were analyzed. The deposits of the Bazhenov formation are dated by the Titonian (Volga) Stage, part of which is represented by a mixed composition containing both the amorphous organic matter typical of the Bazhenov formation and the Valanginian or Valanginian-Goterivian palynoforms of good preservation. The authors clarified the boundary of the Bazhenov formation anomalous section in the Uvat oil and gas area: in comparison with the previously established contours of distribution, the eastern boundary shifted to the west, due to which the total area of the anomalous section reduced almost twofold; the contours of the north-eastern border of Bazhenov formation anomalous section were slightly revised and shifted to the south-west direction. The obtained data indicate that the Bazhenov formation anomalous section formation was caused by the introduction of Valanginian-Gotterivian deposits into the Tithonian-Berriasian deposits of protobagenite, which confirms the geomechanical model of the Bazhenov formation anomalous section formation.

The Early Neolithic complexes located in Western Siberia are characterized by the following common determinant features: chronological position within the end of 7,000 – turn of 6,000 cal BC, flat-bottomed vessels, design layouts of vessel necks (lips, rims, collars), and geometric and tree-like ornamental elements. The ceramic complexes are distinguished by different qualitative and quantitative ratios of the types of pottery (Boborykino, Koshkino, Satyga (with rims), comb ceramics, etc.) identified by researchers. When found in the same occupation layer, such a variety of ceramics might be evidence of an unequal sociocultural structure of the Neolithic population groups. The author stand for the concept that ceramic production and new stone processing skills and technologies were introduced (Zach, 2018, 2020) to the indigenous groups with Mesolithic traditions. It resulted in the interaction of autochthonous groups and newcomers and the subsequent merging of their structures, which ran differently in different territories. The author tend to consider the development of “syncretistic” societies in the first stages of such interaction in the Tobol-Ishim Rivers area as a process of transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic. Various types of pottery have been recorded at Boborykino complexes. The variety increases at Koshkino complexes, in different settlements and different proportions, which apparently reflects the formation of a new stable cultural tradition. The Kozlovo ceramics became such a tradition, being characterized by round-bottomed vessels with sags in the interior of the rim and a combination of ornaments in mainly incised-receding and comb techniques.

This paper presents the results of lithological and geophysical studies of the Vikulov Formation sediments, as well as cyclostratigraphic and facies analyses. The geophysical and seismic data have been linked to identify and trace the main isochronal levels of the Vikulov Formation sediments in different facies zones of the West Siberian palaeobasin. The detailed alignment of the reflecting boundaries with the boundaries of sedimentation cyclites made it possible to conduct facies modeling of five sedimentation units of the Vikulov Formation. The modelling results showed that the sediments of the Formation were formed in the conditions of the underwater part of the avandelta of a semi-isolated shallow marine basin. The change in the source area location during the sediments formation was reflected in the whimsical structure and distribution of sediments in the sedimentation basin. The lithological heterogeneity of the Vikulov formation deposits determines the differentiation of filtration and reservoir properties and oil saturation.

The article covers the social and legal status of the administrative and academic staff in the West Siberian Education District in 1885–1918. This matter remains largely understudied in Russian historiography as the available sources are uneven in quality and quantity. Domestic historiography also lacks methodological and axiological tools that could reveal the correlation between the socio-legal status of education officials and the development of the education system. The research objective was to identify the level of knowledge that historical studies have to offer on the social and legal profile of the administrative and academic staff in West Siberia in 1885–1918. The data obtained made it possible to identify areas of scientific research in Pre-Revolution, Soviet, and Russian scientific literature. The research relied on the principles of objectivity, historicism, and consistency. The historiographic analysis was in line with the problem-chronological principle. The review consisted of three parts, depending on the chronology, methodology, and scope of research: pre-Revolution (1874–1917), Soviet (1917–late 1980s), and post-Soviet (early 1990s–present). The authors determined the contribution of some researchers to the history of the education system of the Russian Empire, as well as analyzed the role of pre-Revolution, Soviet, and post-Soviet studies of the education system in West Siberia. The article introduces the views and methodological standpoints on the development of the social and legal profile of the administrative and academic staff in West Siberia.

The authors used the chronological method to trace and periodize the evolution of domestic historiographic approaches to the population evacuation from the European part of the Soviet Union to Western Siberia during Great Patriotic War. They revealed three main stages in the civilian evacuation studies: 1941–1955, 1956–1990, and 1991 until now. Representatives of the first stage faced with the problem of classified sources and propaganda. Civilian population evacuation developed into an independent research topic during the second period, which also experienced the ideological component as a constraining element for comprehensive studies. Historiographers of the current stage have free access to new archival documents that cast light upon some new aspects of the evacuation process. The authors reviewed publications from all selected periods and identified economic, social, and demographic approaches. The economic approach has always prevailed because the civil evacuation has always been connected with industrial relocation. Scarce as they might be, social and demographic publications cover such important issues as accommodation, employment, medical care, social composition, numbers, etc.

The aim of this research is an analysis of the long‐term dynamics of the composition and number of migratory waterfowl in the southeast of the forest zone of Western Siberia.Visual observations of waterfowl migration were carried out in the format of daily 2‐hour morning counts in April‐May through a period 18 years (1998–2023) near the Tomsk on the Tom river. Additionally, in 2002–2003, simultaneous migration was also observed on the Ob river in the southern, central and northern parts of the Tomsk region. The method of E.I. Gavrilova and E.V. Kumari was used with some modifications. Birds were counted which were transit flying via the territory, as well as birds sitting on the lake water in the area of the observation point.Twenty‐one species of waterfowl have been registered. Analysis of long‐term dynamics has revealed a trend towards a decrease in the total number of migrating waterfowl. In the most abundant species, Anas acuta, this trend is statistically significant. In some species – Anas strepera and Cygnus Cygnus – the trend of dynamics is positive.Most likely reason for the decline in waterfowl numbers is excessive spring hunting. A reduced hunting duration or the introduction of a moratorium every few years may be among the responses required. We suggest using the period of mass migration to monitor the waterfowl resource. This period is shorter and when the greatest number of birds migrate.

Research was carried out on changes in the moisture supply of the territory in the dry steppe subzone of the southern part of Western Siberia (geographic coordinates 50.5°–54.5° N, 77.5°–83.0° E) for the period 1980–2050. The hydrothermal humidification coefficient of G.T. Selyaninov is used as the main indicator of the level of moisture supply in the region. The information basis for this study is the results of six climate models of the CMIP6 family, obtained for the modern period 1980–2015, as well as within the framework of scenarios SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 of the possible evolution of the global climate system for 2015–2050. The long-term dynamics, boundaries of variations, and trends of the hydrothermal coefficient for the southern part of Western Siberia have been established. An analysis of the influence of the total amount of precipitation and the surface air temperature on the nature and rate of change in the level of moisture supply in the region was carried out. The spatial distribution of moisture supply in the region and the rate of its change for the period under study have been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfaunal analysis of Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments collected over several decades from Western Siberia has illuminated the diversity, stratigraphic distribution, and paleoecological signifi cance of the rare low trochospiral benthic foraminiferal genus Bagginoides. Here, we describe two new species B. yamalensis n.sp. and B. tibeisalinella n.sp [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of trematodes Paracoenogonimus ovatus and its first intermediate hosts, viviparous Viviparus viviparus and V. contectus in the Ob–Irtysh basin were analyzed. Until the 1990s the spreading of P. ovatus in this region was associated with habitats of V. contectus, which is considered a native species in Western Siberia. Since the mid-1990s European species V. viviparus began to spread in the Ob basin. Before this, only one source of infection with P. ovatus was known associated with finding V. viviparus in the Lower Irtysh. This paper describes another such outbreak in the Tura River near the city of Tyumen. In fish from the Tura River, a generally high extent and intensity of invasion were noted. Further expansion of the range is predicted P. ovatus associated with expansion V. viviparus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the main demographic parameters of the Western Siberian pied flycatcher population, nesting in natural habitats, at different stages of population dynamics. The average values, range, boundaries, and direction of changes in the survival of sexually mature individuals, fecundity, and the encounter probability at different ages were analyzed. Using matrix models of population structure and population dynamics, an estimate of the true survival rate of fledglings is given. The range of values of demographic parameters that characterize viable groups of the studied bird species is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, climate warming has driven alterations in both the discharge volume and biogeochemical composition of Arctic riverine fluxes. This study investigated the content of macro- and microelements in the lower reaches of the Ob River (western Siberia). Seasonal sampling was performed over a four-year period (2020–2023) during the main hydrological seasons (winter low water, spring-summer floods, and early fall low water) at three river stations. The results revealed significant seasonal variations in the elemental content of the Ob River water associated with changes in catchment inputs, physical and chemical conditions of the aquatic environment, and the amount and composition of incoming suspended sediment. During high water flow events in the Ob River, the concentration of suspended solids increased substantially. During the winter period when the Ob River was ice-covered, a two- to three-fold rise was observed in the concentration of Na, Mg, Ca, K, Si, and Mn. Having accounted for these seasonal variations in water chemistry, we were able to refine our estimates of elemental export to the Arctic Ocean. Compared to estimates from previous studies, we observed 2.3-fold higher dissolved loads of Mn, and the dissolved loads were higher by 2.1-fold for Zn, 1.6-fold for Fe, and 1.4-fold for Pb. The observed rise in elemental export is likely attributable to a confluence of factors, including permafrost thaw, enhanced water inflow from wetland catchments, and intensifying snowfall leading to increased flood runoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Tick-borne encephalitis virus Siberian subtype (TBEV-Sib) and Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV) are causative agents of natural focal infections in Western Siberia, Russia. The distribution of TBEV phylogenetic lineages and OHFV in the Kemerovo Region of Western Siberia remains poorly investigated. Methods: The phylogenetic analyses of fragment genome sequences 26 flaviviruses identified in 2019 were performed, and the amino acid variation was determined to reveal to which clusteron they belong. The age of Baltic and Asian lineages of the TBEV-Sib was calculated for Kemerovo District and Region, respectively. Results: Twenty-five isolates were members of three TBEV-Sib phylogenetic lineages: Baltic (48%), Asian (36%), and East Siberian (16%). The Baltic lineage's eastern boundary is commonly thought to be in the Novosibirsk Region, but our data suggest that it may reach further east. Analysis of the Baltic lineage clusteron structure showed that the isolates found are unique (6) or belong to clusteron-founder 3D (1) and derived clusteron 3O (5). Based on the age of 3O clusteron, Baltic lineage could have appeared in the Kemerovo Region by the late 1970s. One of the isolated viruses turned out to be the OHFV of the first subtype and not to belong to any known clusteron. This finding is the first known detection of the virus outside the endemic area of Russia. Given the recent discovery of OHFV in Kazakhstan, it can be assumed that the area of this virus distribution is much wider than previously thought. Conclusions: This report provides insights into the population structure of TBEV and OHFV, which may be helpful for epidemiological investigation and surveillance of the viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil microbiota plays an integral role in biogeochemical cycles, being used as a key metric of changes and a means of integrated characterization of processes. The paper presents the results of microbiological analysis of soils from the central part of the middle Ob floodplain. The ecological and trophic structure of soil microbial communities was investigated to identify the leading physiological groups of heterotrophic bacteria involved in biogeochemical transformation of organic matter in soil. The relationship of bacteria of different physiological groups with seasonal variations and physical and chemical properties of soils, and the links between bacteria were identified and evaluated. The data obtained can be used to evaluate climate-regulating functions of microbial communities in floodplain soils and assess the potential of the middle Ob floodplain in terms of environmental services and nature management.

The possibility of development of the invasive European species Ips amitinus (Eichhoff, 1872) on various coniferous species of Siberia was analyzed under laboratory conditions. The first experiment was carried out on fresh sections of the trunks of Abies sibirica Ledeb., Picea obovata Ledeb., Larix sibirica Ledeb., and Pinus sylvestris L., with the possibility for beetles to choose one of the four proposed tree species. The second experiment was conducted on the same tree species, but without the option for the beetles to choose the species for food. The third experiment consisted in breeding I. amitinus on Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel. In the first two experiments on P. sylvestris, one generation of beetles developed successfully. It was found that P. sylvestris is the most favorable for the settlement and development of I. amitinus in the West Siberian invasion region followed by P. sibirica. On Siberian fir, Siberian spruce and Siberian larch, bark beetles died in galleries without forming nests. In the third experiment, successful beetle colonization of the branches was observed. In all the experiments, the demographic indicators of the pest were determined (settlement density, the number of parental beetles, the number of emerged beetles, offspring/parent ratio per unit area). These indicators were compared with those obtained on P. sibirica. A high probability of further expansion of the small spruce bark beetle both westward and eastward has been established.

The paper presents data on 38 species of true bugs from 11 families found in the Kemerovo Region (Western Siberia) on recultivated coal mining sites. Of these, Spathocera laticornis (Schilling, 1829) (Coreidae) is a new record for the Asian part of Russia. A total of 36 species have been identified for the fauna of the Kemerovo Region for the first time: Prostemma kiborti Jakovlev, 1889, Nabis americolimbatus (Carayon, 1961) (Nabidae); Tetraphleps aterrima (J. Sahlberg, 1878) (Anthocoridae); Dicyphus stachydis J. Sahlberg, 1878, Deraeocoris punctulatus (Fallén, 1807), Mecomma dispar (Boheman, 1852) (Miridae); Acalypta marginata (Wolff, 1804), Dictyla humuli (Fabricius, 1794), Kalama tricornis (Schrank, 1801), Oncochila simplex (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1833) (Tingidae); Berytinus crassipes (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) (Berytidae); Drymus brunneus brunneus (R.F. Sahlberg, 1848), D. ryeii Douglas & Scott, 1865, Ischnocoris punctulatus Fieber, 1861, Lamproplax membranea Distant, 1883, Scolopostethus affinis (Schilling, 1829), S. pilosus pilosus Reuter, 1875, S. thomsoni Reuter, 1875, Emblethis brachynotus Horváth, 1897, E. denticollis Horváth, 1878, E. filicornis Linnavuori, 1954, Trapezonotus anorus (Flor, 1860), Megalonotus antennatus (Schilling, 1829), M. hirsutus Fieber, 1861, M. sabulicola (Thomson, 1870), Plinthisus pusillus (Scholtz, 1847), Graptopeltus lynceus (Fabricius, 1775), Peritrechus convivus (Stål, 1858) (Lygaeidae); Dicranocephalus agilis (Scopoli, 1763), D. medius (Mulsant & Rey, 1870) (Stenocephalidae); Bathysolen nubilus (Fallén, 1807), Coriomeris denticulatus (Scopoli, 1763), Nemocoris fallenii R.F. Sahlberg, 1848 (Coreidae); Ochetostethus opacus (Scholtz, 1847) (Cydnidae); Odontoscelis fuliginosa (Linnaeus, 1761) (Scutelleridae); Sciocoris distinctus Fieber, 1851 (Pentatomidae). The ranges of some poorly studied species known from isolated records in Siberia have been specified. A rare female macroptera form of Himacerus apterus (Fabricius, 1798) (Nabidae) has been identified. According to the latest data, 244 species of true bugs from 28 families have been recorded in the Kemerovo Region.

Relevance. The need for scientifically based regulation of impacts on wetland ecosystems taking into account their specificity and geochemical stability. Aim. To determine the geochemical stability of wetlands in the taiga zone of Western Siberia to pollutants for two typical cases associated with: 1) operation of sludge pits; 2) discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater. Methods. Mathematical modeling, statistical methods. Results and conclusions. The authors have carried out the analysis of the results of studies of the chemical composition of wetland waters and extracts from peat and mineral soils of wetlands in the taiga zone of Western Siberia (mainly in the Tomsk region, as well as in the adjacent territories of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Novosibirsk and Omsk regions). They obtained the estimates of the average values of geochemical indicators of wetland waters and peat by the depth of the peat deposit in peat bogs with varying degrees of anthropogenic impact. The paper introduces the method for assessing the anthropogenic impact of wastewater discharge and geomigration on swamps in areas where oil and gas facilities are located (permissible concentrations in wastewater entering swamp ecosystems), taking into account the «geochemical background» and sorption capacity of peat. In particular, the authors substantiated and tested the method for assessing the values of permissible concentrations, which should be considered as a «relatively safe» level of impact on swamp ecosystems, at which secondary pollution of swamp waters is not expected. It is shown that anthropogenic changes are mainly limited vertically by the upper layer of the peat deposit up to 1–2 m, and horizontally (within the active horizon of the peat deposit) – by areas up to 100–200 m.

The paper presents results of the development and testing with real data of a technology for assessing the emission of nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide from sources in Western Siberia. The NO2 content in the region’s troposphere was determined using data from the TROPOMI spectroradiometer of the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. The method of computational experiments to obtain quantitative estimates of CO2 emissions from large industrial facilities in the region consists in a joint analysis of data from TROPOMI/Sentinel-5P for the NO2 content and data from the OCO-2 orbiting carbon observatory for the CO2 content. The main procedure for data analysis is the approximation of gas content distributions along the trajectory of the OCO-2 satellite by the vector function of the Gaussian distribution. Approximation parameters (full width at half maximum and amplitude), as well as data about direction and speed of wind (obtained from the ERA5 reanalysis) are used to quantify CO2 emissions. The technology developed by the authors for obtaining quantitative estimates of anthropogenic CO2 emissions for the industrial centers of Western Siberia without using OCO-2 data is based on an empirically established relationship between approximation parameters of gases distributions. The results of the work are quantitative estimates of the content of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere and lower troposphere of Western Siberia; the annual cycle and interannual variability of NO2 in the troposphere, obtained using data from the TROPOMI/Sentinel-5P spectroradiometer; a technology for obtaining quantitative estimates of CO2 emissions from large industrial centers of the region.

Metal production in the Trans-Ural region in the Early Iron Age is known mainly from materials from the Itkul and Sargat cultures. The article introduces into scientific circulation the largest collection of objects (80 items) made of non-ferrous metal of the Baitovo culture of this period from the settlement of Isetskoye 3, located in the Lower Iset river area. The purpose of the study is to morphometrically characterize and determine the complex typology, as well as to conduct a comparative analysis with synchronous materials. The studied series of items includes weapons (arrowheads), labor tools (knives, a celt, an awl), elements of horse harness (a fragment of a bit), toilet items, jewelry (a mirror, rings, plaques), etc., as well as slags, ingots, and waste bronze foundry production. Preliminary conclusions on production technology were obtained, indicating that stone and clay molds were used for casting. The authors experimentally tested the hypothesis, which was not confirmed, on the possibility of using wooden knife models in the manufacture of clay casting molds. Signs of forging and abrasive casting processing were recorded on several metal objects. Based on their typology and the identified analogies, it was concluded that the complex is characteristic of the Scythian-Siberian cultures and can be dated back to the 7th – 6th/3rd centuries BC, which testifies to the contacts and connections of the Baitovo population with both the western (Itkul) and the eastern metallurgical centers. The presence of slag, a significant amount of bronze casting waste, and mold fragments confirms its local nature, which, however, does not exclude the import of some metal products from other territories.

Intensive transformations in the administrative environment in the South Siberian outskirts during the second third of the 18th century led to the emergence of a special kind of communication, namely, intersectoral. The problem of provisions supply delivery for the regular forces in the south of Western Siberia in the regional and local administrative discourse of military-departmental, mining, and civil authorities in the middle of the 18th century is considered in the paper. The author analyzes the office documentation which was one of the key channels for the implementation and reflection of administrative interactions between various verticals of power in the early Imperial period. Intersectoral communication at the regional level was largely open while at the local level there had been attempts to limit it deliberately. It is shown that the development of a renovated model, algorithms for the procurement and food supply for military teams took place during the official correspondence of 1747–1749, when the structures of the three branches of government had significantly different positions. The circumstances of discussing the food supply issue in the power discourse revealed in the article indicate that there were tangible manifestations of competition between civil and departmental authorities in the regional and local administrative system of the middle of the 18th century.

The presented research is carried out in continuation of the works connected with studying the nature of radioactivity of drainage waters of quarries of Novosibirsk region, performed by the Laboratory of Hydrogeology of Sedimentary Basins of Siberia, INGG SB RAS, which showed that the waters of granite quarries are characterized by significantly higher radioactivity, than waters of other host rocks. The results of detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies of granitoids of the Ob-Zaisan region within the Kolyvan-Tom folded system are presented for the first time. The relevance of the present study is determined by the previously obtained data on high concentrations of uranium, thorium, and radon in drainage water of quarries developed in this territory. The granitoids of the Priobsky (Obsky and Novosibirsk massifs) and Barlak complexes were studied. It was established that the rocks of the complexes differ significantly in the spectrum of accessory minerals, which acted as the concentrators of natural radioactive and rare-earth elements: in the Barlak, in addition to apatite, sphene, and zircon, typical for all phases of the intrusion, fluorite, topaz, rutile, and minerals enriched with rare-earth elements are found: monazite, xenotime, bastnesite, parisite, less often uraninite. It was shown that a wide range of mineral-concentrators of radioactive and rare-earth elements determines higher concentrations of radionuclides in groundwater of the Barlak granitoid complex. Maximum uranium concentrations are one order of magnitude and those of thorium are two orders of magnitude higher in the groundwater of the Barlak granitoid complex compared to those of the Priobsky granitoid complex. The following peak concentrations, mg/dm3, were established in the groundwater of the studied granitoid complexes: 238U up to 1.40 and 232Th up to 2.16 · 10–3. One can predict a high background of radionuclides in the groundwater of the Barlak and Priobsky granitoid complexes, within the ranges, mg/dm3: 238U from 0.1 · 10–3 to 1.40 and 232Th from 1 · 10–6 to 2.16 · 10–3. Radon 222Rn activity in the groundwater ranges 1–50 Bq/dm3 in the contact zones of granitoids with different-aged sedimentary rocks to 600–5,000 Bq/dm3 in the areas of granitoids occurrence.

The purpose of the study is to compare the Prison Reform of 1879 carried out in Russia with the requirements of the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners adopted by the United Nations in 1955. The study was conducted on the example of the Tobolsk prison complex of the late XIX – early XX centuries, based on practically achieved results. The sources of the study were the materials of the State Archives of the Tyumen, Omsk, Tomsk regions, as well as the State Archives of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the study combines two approaches: modernization and civilizational, using two methods: comparative historical and actualization. The scientific novelty of the work lies in a new look at the Prison Reform of 1879 through modern European standards of the rights of prisoners. The results of the Prison Reform of 1879 were compared with the requirements of the UN on the following grounds: prohibition of discrimination, protection of religious rights, compilation of a register of prisoners, their breakdown into categories, sanitary conditions and nutrition, education, libraries, recreation, work and work of prison inspections. The comparison showed that at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries, the Tobolsk prison complex (“Prison Castle”) was an advanced penitentiary institution of that time, not only generally conforming to European standards of the mid-XX century, but partly surpassing them. The Russian government planned to extend the achieved experience to other places of detention, but the process was interrupted by the revolution of 1905-1907. The results of the study showed that in Russia, the humanization of imprisonment was based not only on the principles of utility and rationalism, but in many respects – on Orthodox ideas of mercy, therefore, initially coincided with future European standards. Meanwhile, some reform measures turned out to be premature, as they were carried out in conditions of exceptional poverty of the rest of the Russian people and the absence of the concept of “human rights” in their lives. This contradiction became one of the links in the system of socio-economic problems that eventually led Russia to revolution.

This article examines the state policy of aligning Muslim law with Russian legislation in different cultural-historical contexts. It is demonstrated that the implementation of this mechanism was carried out among the Siberian Bukharans in the late 18th century, and from the second half of the 19th century, these methods were applied to Western Turkestan under the protectorate of the Russian Empire. Sources include documents from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the State Archive of the Tyumen Region in Tobolsk. The re-search methodology is based on the systems theory of K. L. von Bertalanffy, utilizing comparative-historical and comparative-legal research methods. The authors conclude that the dissonance between Russian legislation and Western Turkestan not only reflected differences between two distinct legal systems and religious-legal cultures but primarily highlighted the gap between medieval and contemporary legal concepts for that time. The adaptation of Western Turkestan to Russian legislation shaped unified legal concepts and paved the way for transforming the multi-confessional population of the Russian Empire into a unified civic entity. This laid the groundwork for the coexistence of Uzbekistan and Russia within the USSR and later facilitated the development of an independent Uzbekistan using legislation closely aligned with Russian and European legal systems.

The article presents the results of studying four sections of the Bazhenov Formation and the overlying sediments in the central part of the Mansi syneclise, which are based on a comprehensive analysis of the results laboratory lithological and geochemical studies of core material and data from a wide range of geophysical studies of wells. For lithological characteristics, the section of the Bazhenov Formation was divided into five members, which differ in the ratio of carbonaceous, clayey, siliceous contents and carbonate component of rocks. The boundaries of the units were determined by their lithological composition, and then the velocity rectified taking into account GIS. The first two members are characterized by high contents of siliceous and clayey material, the third – a significant increase in the siliceous component, the fourth – increased concentrations of organic matter, which indicates its higher compared to the lower part section oil generation potential. In the fifth member, the content of carbonate material increases, the “coccolithic” interval is divided, and numerous fragments of bivalves are noted. Throughout the section minerals (strontianite, witherite) were discovered in the Bazhenov Formation, indicating that they occurred in diagenesis hydrothermal processes.In the section of one of the studied wells in the middle part of the Bazhenov formation, a reservoir interval was identified. High variability of reservoir properties of Bazhenov rocks was noted even within one oil-field, which is associated with their secondary transformations of rocks in dia- and catagenesis. It is substantiated, that materials of geophysical studies of wells that does not contain nuclear magnetic resonance data can only be used to identify possible productive intervals, the study of which by laboratory methods will allow establish the presence or absence of collectors in them.

The following problem is solved by the present research: the probable sources of Paleozoic hydrocarbon deposits are determined on the basis of modeling the hydrocarbon foci of generation Paleozoic-Mesozoic oil source formations (for example, the southeast of Western Siberia, Tomsk Region). The research area is the lands Ostanino field group: the Selveikin area of deep drilling, the Ostaninskoye and Gerasimovskoye oil and gas condensate fields. Pre-Jurassic strata with oil source potential, including the Paleozoic Larinskaya (S1 lr), Mirnaya (D1 3 mr), Chuzikskaya (D2 cz), Chaginskaya (D3 cg) and Kehoregskaya (C1 kh) formations, as well as Jurassic Bazhenovskaya (J3 bg) and Tyumenskaya (J1-2tm ) formations, and, accordingly, the reservoirs of the weathering crust and bed-rock Paleozoic reservoirs are the objects of study. The subject of analysis was selected in accordance with the concept of the geothermal regime of the subsoil, as a leading factor in the implementation of the generation potential of the parent sediments. The research methods are digital paleotemperature modeling and historical-geological analysis.The results and conclusions concerning the fundamental problems of “Paleozoic oil” are obtained. 1. Source of the Paleozoic oil deposits can be both the Domanic type rocks of the Paleozoic formations and the Jurassic oil source formations. Thus, both upward vertical interstratal HC migration and downward HC migration can take place. Therefore, the two concepts of “main source” are compatible and should not be considered, as often, orthodoxly alternative. 2. The domanicoid rocks of the Paleozoic formations are most likely the source for Paleozoic gas and gas condensate deposits. 3. Paleozoic formations the roof of the bed-rock Paleozoic (on the Ostankinskaya group of fields – C1 kh and D3 cg) can be only the source of the «Paleozoic oil» and gas deposits in the PreJurassic oil and gas complex. 4. Bazhenov formation – J3 bg may be the “Jurassic” source of oil deposits in the Pre-Jurassic oil and gas complex. The results were obtained and conclusions were drawn concerning the applied (search) aspects of the problem: 1. Results additionally substantiate the author’s search criterion for the oil and gas content of the Paleozoic – these are anomalous geophysical and petrophysical characteristics of the Jurassic section. 2. The absence of hydrocarbon deposits in the Jurassic section is most likely a negative sign of the Paleozoic oil and gas content. 4. The low density of the modern heat flow (less than 40 mW/m2 ) is most likely a negative sign of oil deposits in the Paleozoic. 3. High paleotemperatures in terms of VR (more than 175o C) are most likely a negative sign of oil and gas deposits in the Paleozoic. 4. Reasons have been obtained to state that oil deposits in the Paleozoic cannot be richer than oil deposits in the Jurassic.

The main tool for increasing of oil reserves are exploration works. Improving the scientific and technical support for exploration is a priority task for the oil industry. The article deals with the development of technology for prospecting and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits in the Pre-Jurassic basement rocks of Western Siberian oil and gas province, as well as approaches to improving the reliability of mapping prospective zones using seismic data. Using the example of the Sredne-Nazymskoye field, the seismogeological aspects of the forecast of oil and gas potential of the Pre-Jurassic complex and the main directions for reducing the uncertainties of the geological structure are shown.

In Western Siberia, the zone of abnormally high reservoir pressures (AHRP) covers an area of more than 500 thousand km2 in the north of the basin. It begins with a clay layer above the Achimov formation of Neocomian sandy-silty formation, covers the Achimov formation, Upper–Lower Jurassic, Triassic and partially Paleozoic and is subject to tectonic control, which indicates the deep origin of this phenomenon. Gas-pressure, or gas-dynamic, theory of AHRP, proposed by K.A. Anikiev in the 70s of the 20th century, allows us to assess the prospects for oil and gas content of the AHRP zone higher than it is commonly-accepted.Analysis of the results of previously completed geological exploration work on the deep horizons of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug indicates that their relatively low efficiency (50–60%) is associated with the insufficiently high quality of well operations, primarily cementing, which is also due to the influence of AHRP. In all wells drilled to deep horizons, direct signs of oil and gas potential were obtained and cementing defects were identified.It is concluded that deep fluid-dynamic processes (active, pressure degassing of the Earth’s interior) are responsible both for the saturation of reservoir rocks with hydrocarbons and for the dynamics of their filling (ultra-high pressures and velocities), which determine the main characteristics of reservoir rocks. Recognition of a deep source of hydrocarbons will not only make it possible to fundamentally increase the resource base of the AHRP zone, but will also require a revision of ideas about the formation and structure of hydrocarbon deposits in this zone and the petrophysical substantiation of their models. However, to realize the unique hydrocarbon potential of the AHRP zone, it is necessary, first of all, to improve the quality of deep wells construction and appropriate information content.

There is no consensus on the role of different source rocks (SRs) in the formation of the Krasnoleninskoe field. The main Upper Jurassic-Early Cretaceous SR of Western Siberia is represented on the Krasnoleninsky arch by the Tutleim formation (fm) (J3tt–K1v). It is overlain by argillaceous rocks of the Frolov fm (K1v–K1a), underlain by the Abalak (J2cl–J3km), Tyumen (J2a-b), Sherkalin (J1 ) formations and folded pre-Jurassic basement. All these formations potentially contain SR layers. The purpose of the article is to determine the sources of oil in the Krasnoleninskoe field by comparing oils with SRs and to determine of the history of oil composition formation. Based on a review of known geochemical parameters and the results of statistical analysis new molecular parameters for determining the type of organic matter (OM) and its maturity are proposed. A secondary processes of the oils of the Vikulov fm of the Kamennaya crest has been established, which is associated with the migration of hydrocarbons from the Vikulov fm to the overlying deposits. It is shown that the oils of the Vikulov fm of Kamennaya crest were formed from the SR, which was at the MC2 substage during the generation of hydrocarbons, and the oils of the Jurassic and pre-Jurassic deposits were formed on the end of MC2 -beginning of MC3 substages. It was determined that the oils of Kamennaya crest have aquatic initial OM, aquatic OM was found in the Tutleim and Tyumen SRs. According to the criteria of OM type and its maturity, the source of Kamennaya crest oils cannot be determined; therefore, genetic features of the difference between the aquatic OM of the Tyumen and Tutleim formations were found. These features made it possible to estimate the source of oils for different parts of the Krasnoleninskoe field: for Kamennaya crest the Tutleim fm, for the Talinskaya area the Tyumen fm, for the Em-Egovskaya area, the Tyumen and Tutleim formations. Estimation of the contribution of the Sherkalin and Abalak SRs to the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations is beyond the scope of current work.

Paleontological remains from the Bazhenovo Horizon of Western Siberia (Tithonian–Berriasian) are represented by macro- and microfossils. The Horizon had a marine genesis and the basis of ecosystem of this paleobasin composed of pelagic organisms-producers (phytoplankton: prasinophytes, coccolithophorids, dinoflagellates, as well as brown algae) and consumers (zooplankton: radiolarians, invertebrate larvae, crustaceans; and nekton: pelagic bony fish, ammonites, belemnites, paleosquids-teutids and marine dinosaurs; and, in addition, benthic bivalves, foraminifera, and ostracods). Among microfossils, radiolarians are the leading importance, phytoplankton (dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids) and microbenthos (foraminifera, sponge spicules) are less common. Radiolarians, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids, and foraminifera are used for biostratigraphic subdividing of sections and their correlation, and, in addition, together with sponge spicules, for reconstruction the paleoenvironments. In literature, a several paper indicated the presence of other siliceous microfossils in paleobiota of the Bazhenovo paleosea – diatoms, silicoflagellates, and acantharians. The article summarized data on radiolaria, coccolithophorids, dinophyta and critically reviewed reports of other microobjects. It is shown that the information about diatoms, silicoflagellates and acantharians from Bazhenovo Horizon and Bazhenovo Formation is probably unreliable.

ERA5 reanalysis is one of the most trusted climate data sources for wind energy modeling. However, any reanalysis should be verified through comparison with observational data to detect biases before further use. For wind verification at heights close to typical wind turbine hub heights (i.e. about 100 m), it is preferable to use either in-situ measurements from meteorological towers or remote sensing data like acoustic and laser vertical profilers, which remain independent of reanalysis. In this study, we validated the wind speed data from ERA5 at a height of 100 m using data from four sodars (acoustic profilers) located in different climatic and natural vegetation zones across European Russia. The assessments revealed a systematic error at most stations; in general, ERA5 tends to overestimate wind speed over forests and underestimate it over grasslands and deserts. As anticipated, the largest errors were observed at a station on the mountain coast, where the relative wind speed error reached 45%. We performed the bias correction which reduced absolute errors and eliminated the error dependence on the daily course, which was crucial for wind energy modeling. Without bias correction, the error in the wind power capacity factor ranged from 30 to 50%. Hence, it is strongly recommended to apply correction of ERA5 for energy calculations, at least in the areas under consideration..

Recent research suggests that climate change is contributing to rising solute concentrations in streams. This study focuses on assessing the concentrations of major elements, nutrients, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and their release through the bog-river system in the taiga zone of Western Siberia. The research was carried out in the northeastern part of the Great Vasyugan Mire (GVM), the largest mire system that impacts the quality of river water in the Ob River basin. By using PCA and cluster analysis, we examined the long-term dynamics of the chemical composition of headwater streams of the GVM affected by drainage and wildfires. Our data from 2015-2022 revealed that the concentrations of Са2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, and HCO3- in stream water from the drained area of the GVM were, on average, 1.3 times lower than those at the pristine site. Conversely, the concentrations of NH+4, Fetotal, Cl-, SO42-, NO-3, DOC, and COD were higher, indicating the influence of forestry drainage and the pyrogenic factor. Our findings also demonstrated that the GVM significantly impacts the water chemical composition of small rivers. We observed a close correlation in the concentrations of К+, Na+, Cl-, Fetotal, NH+4, HCO3-, and COD between the GVM and the Gavrilovka River waters. PCA analysis revealed that air temperature influences the concentrations of Са2+, Mg2+, NH4+, NO3-, HCO3-, Fetotal, and DOC in the studied streams, with an inverse correlation with river discharge. The removal of major elements, nutrients, and DOC from the drained area of the GVM was most pronounced in April, being twice as high as in the pristine area. However, the total export from the drainage area of the Gavrilovka in April-September 2022 was 1.3 times lower than in the pristine area, amounting to 8487 kg/km2, with DOC removal at 42%.

A parasitological analysis was carried out with 29 samples of dog coprolites, soil, and manure obtained from the cultural layer of the Mangazeya settlement (66°42´N, 82°16´E), which dates back to 1601–1670 (end of the Late Holocene). Eggs of the nematode Dioctophyme renale (Goeze, 1782), which infests the kidneys of carnivores, were found in coprolites of dogs (Canis familiaris L., 1758) for the first time in Northwestern Siberia. The nematode species has not been detected in the modern helminth fauna of the region. The giant kidney worm could have entered the region with dogs brought by Russian migrants from European Russia during the development of Siberia. However, the introduction of the helminth did not lead to the formation of a new stable natural focus of dioctophymiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]