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31. Studies on the analytical performance of a non-covalent coating with N,N-didodecyl-N,N-dimethylammonium bromide for separation of basic proteins by capillary electrophoresis in acidic buffers in 25- and 50-microm capillaries

Author

Mohabbati, S, Hjertén, S, Westerlund, D, Mohabbati, S, Hjertén, S, and Westerlund, D

Abstract

Capillaries (25-and 50-mu m inner diameter) coated with a double-alkyl-chain cationic surfactant N,N-didodecyl-N,N-dimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) were used for the separation of four basic standard proteins in buffers of pH 4 at various ionic strengths. The choice of buffer is critical for the analytical performance. Ammonium ions must be avoided in the buffer used in the non-covalent coating procedure owing to competition with the surfactant. Phosphate buffer gave a better separation performance than some volatile buffers; the reason seems to be a complex formation between the proteins and dihydrogenphosphate ions, which decreases tendencies for adsorption to the capillary surface. The DDAB coating was easy to produce and stable enough to permit, without recoating, consecutive separations of the proteins for up to 100 min with good precision in migration times and peak areas. A strong electroosmotic flow gives rapid separations, which is of special importance when commercial instruments are used, since the choice of the length of the capillary is restricted.

Published
2008
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50. African Indigenous Religions and Disease Causation

Author

Westerlund, D. and Westerlund, D.

Subjects
Witchcraft, Religion, Diseases--Religious aspects, Diseases--Causes and theories of causation
Abstract

This comparative and historical study focuses on religious aspects of disease etiologies among five, systematically selected, African peoples: the San, Maasai, Sukuma, Kongo and Yoruba. Unlike the homogenizing tendencies of many earlier comparative works by scholars of religion, this book highlights the differences between and the plurality within the religions and cultures of the selected peoples, as well as processes of change. The work covers a period of about 100 years, from the late 19th to the late 20th century, and much of the material used comes from European mission archives. To different degrees among the peoples studied, there has been a gradual shift from an emphasis on spiritual beings such as God and ancestors to living humans like'witches'as agents of disease. In a theoretically eclective analysis, possible reasons for this shift are discussed.

Published
2006

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