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1. Standardizing clinical culture specimen collection in Ethiopia: a training‐of‐trainers

Author

Kue, Jennifer, Bersani, Ashley, Stevenson, Kurt, Yimer, Getnet, Wang, Shu-Hua, Gebreyes, Wondwossen, Hazim, Carmen, Westercamp, Matthew, Omondi, Michael, Amare, Berhanu, Alebachew, Gebrie, Abubeker, Rajiha, Fentaw, Surafel, Tigabu, Eyasu, Kirley, Denise, Vanderende, Daniel, Bancroft, Elizabeth, Gallagher, Kathleen M., Kanter, Theresa, and Balada-Llasat, Joan-Miquel

Published
2021
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2. Male circumcision in the general population of Kisumu, Kenya: beliefs about protection, risk behaviors, HIV, and STIs.

Author

Westercamp, Matthew, Bailey, Robert C, Bukusi, Elizabeth A, Montandon, Michele, Kwena, Zachary, and Cohen, Craig R

Subjects
Humans, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, HIV Infections, Condoms, Attitude to Health, Risk-Taking, Sexual Behavior, Adolescent, Adult, Middle Aged, Kenya, Female, Male, Circumcision, Male, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Circumcision, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Using a population-based survey we examined the behaviors, beliefs, and HIV/HSV-2 serostatus of men and women in the traditionally non-circumcising community of Kisumu, Kenya prior to establishment of voluntary medical male circumcision services. A total of 749 men and 906 women participated. Circumcision status was not associated with HIV/HSV-2 infection nor increased high risk sexual behaviors. In males, preference for being or becoming circumcised was associated with inconsistent condom use and increased lifetime number of sexual partners. Preference for circumcision was increased with understanding that circumcised men are less likely to become infected with HIV.

Published
2010

3. Epidemiology and preventability of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia in 2 hospitals in India

Author

Gandra, Sumanth, primary, Singh, Sanjeev K., additional, Chakravarthy, Murali, additional, Moni, Merlin, additional, Dhekane, Pruthu, additional, Mohamed, Zubair, additional, Shameen, Fathima, additional, Vasudevan, Anil K., additional, Senthil, Priyadarshini, additional, Saravanan, Tejaswini, additional, George, Anu, additional, Sinclair, Dorothy, additional, Stwalley, Dustin, additional, van Rheenen, Jacaranda, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Smith, Rachel M., additional, Leekha, Surbhi, additional, and Warren, David K., additional

Published
2023
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4. Maternal Colonization Versus Nosocomial Transmission as the Source of Drug-Resistant Bloodstream Infection in an Indian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Cohort Study

Author

Robinson, Matthew L, primary, Johnson, Julia, additional, Naik, Shilpa, additional, Patil, Sunil, additional, Kulkarni, Rajesh, additional, Kinikar, Aarti, additional, Dohe, Vaishali, additional, Mudshingkar, Swati, additional, Kagal, Anju, additional, Smith, Rachel M, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Randive, Bharat, additional, Kadam, Abhay, additional, Babiker, Ahmed, additional, Kulkarni, Vandana, additional, Karyakarte, Rajesh, additional, Mave, Vidya, additional, Gupta, Amita, additional, Milstone, Aaron M, additional, and Manabe, Yukari C, additional

Published
2023
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5. Changes in Personal Protective Equipment Usage Among Healthcare Personnel From the Beginning of Pandemic to Intra-COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand

Author

Mahasing, Chayanit, primary, Kittikraisak, Wanitchaya, additional, Mott, Joshua A, additional, Yoocharoen, Pornsak, additional, Piyaraj, Phunlerd, additional, Tanathitikorn, Chuleekorn, additional, Punjasamanvong, Somsak, additional, Wongrapee, Thanapat, additional, Suttha, Patama, additional, Rattanathumsakul, Thanit, additional, Davis, William W, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, and Chottanapund, Suthat, additional

Published
2023
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6. Multistate Outbreak of Respiratory Infections Among Unaccompanied Children, June 2014–July 2014

Author

Tomczyk, Sara, Arriola, Carmen S., Beall, Bernard, Benitez, Alvaro, Benoit, Stephen R., Berman, LaShondra, Bresee, Joseph, Carvalho, Maria da Gloria, Cohn, Amanda, Cross, Kristen, Diaz, Maureen H., Watkins, Louise K. Francois, Gierke, Ryan, Hagan, Jose E., Harris, Aaron M., Jain, Seema, Kim, Lindsay, Kobayashi, Miwako, Lindstrom, Stephen, McGee, Lesley, McMorrow, Meredith, Metcalf, Benjamin L., Moore, Matthew R., Moura, Iaci, Nix, W. Allan, Nyangoma, Edith, Oberste, M. Steven, Olsen, Sonja J., Pimenta, Fabiana, Socias, Christina, Thurman, Kathleen, Waller, Jessica, Waterman, Stephen H., Westercamp, Matthew, Wharton, Melinda, Whitney, Cynthia G., Winchell, Jonas M., Wolff, Bernard, and Kim, Curi

Published
2016

7. Epidemiology and preventability of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia in 2 hospitals in India

Author

Gandra, Sumanth, Singh, Sanjeev K., Chakravarthy, Murali, Moni, Merlin, Dhekane, Pruthu, Mohamed, Zubair, Shameen, Fathima, Vasudevan, Anil K., Senthil, Priyadarshini, Saravanan, Tejaswini, George, Anu, Sinclair, Dorothy, Stwalley, Dustin, van Rheenen, Jacaranda, Westercamp, Matthew, Smith, Rachel M., Leekha, Surbhi, and Warren, David K.

Abstract

AbstractObjective:Studies evaluating the incidence, source, and preventability of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB), defined as any positive blood culture obtained after 3 calendar days of hospital admission, are lacking in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Design, setting, and participants:All consecutive blood cultures performed for 6 months during 2020–2021 in 2 hospitals in India were reviewed to assess HOB and National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) reportable central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) events. Medical records of a convenience sample of 300 consecutive HOB events were retrospectively reviewed to determine source and preventability. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with HOB preventability.Results:Among 6,733 blood cultures obtained from 3,558 hospitalized patients, there were 409 and 59 unique HOB and NHSN-reportable CLABSI events, respectively. CLABSIs accounted for 59 (14%) of 409 HOB events. There was a moderate but non-significant correlation (r = 0.51; P= .070) between HOB and CLABSI rates. Among 300 reviewed HOB cases, CLABSIs were identified as source in only 38 (13%). Although 157 (52%) of all 300 HOB cases were potentially preventable, CLABSIs accounted for only 22 (14%) of these 157 preventable HOB events. In multivariable analysis, neutropenia, and sepsis as an indication for blood culture were associated with decreased odds of HOB preventability, whereas hospital stay ≥7 days and presence of a urinary catheter were associated with increased likelihood of preventability.Conclusions:HOB may have utility as a healthcare-associated infection metric in LMIC settings because it captures preventable bloodstream infections beyond NHSN-reportable CLABSIs.

Published
2024
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9. Rapid Response to Ebola Outbreaks in Remote Areas — Liberia, July–November 2014

Author

Kateh, Francis, Nagbe, Thomas, Kieta, Abraham, Barskey, Albert, Gasasira, Alex Ntale, Driscoll, Anne, Tucker, Anthony, Christie, Athalia, Karmo, Ben, Scott, Colleen, Bowah, Collin, Barradas, Danielle, Blackley, David, Dweh, Emmanuel, Warren, Felicia, Mahoney, Frank, Kassay, Gabriel, Calvert, Geoffrey M., Castro, Georgina, Logan, Gorbee, Appiah, Grace, Kirking, Hannah, Koon, Hawa, Papowitz, Heather, Walke, Henry, Cole, Isaac B., Montgomery, Joel, Neatherlin, John, Tappero, Jordan W., Hagan, Jose E., Forrester, Joseph, Woodring, Joseph, Mott, Joshua, Attfield, Kathleen, DeCock, Kevin, Lindblade, Kim A., Powell, Krista, Yeoman, Kristin, Adams, Laura, Broyles, Laura N., Slutsker, Laurence, Larway, Lawrence, Belcher, Lisa, Cooper, Lorraine, Santos, Marjorie, Westercamp, Matthew, Weinberg, Meghan Pearce, Massoudi, Mehran, Dea, Monica, Patel, Monita, Hennessey, Morgan, Fomba, Moses, Lubogo, Mutaawe, Maxwell, Nikki, Moonan, Patrick, Arzoaquoi, Sampson, Gee, Samuel, Zayzay, Samuel, Pillai, Satish, Williams, Seymour, Zarecki, Shauna Mettee, Yett, Sheldon, James, Stephen, Grube, Steven, Gupta, Sundeep, Nelson, Thelma, Malibiche, Theophil, Frank, Wilmont, Smith, Wilmot, and Nyenswah, Tolbert

Published
2015

10. 2037. Epidemiology and Preventability of Hospital Onset Bacteremia and Fungemia in two Hospitals in India

Author

Gandra, Sumanth, primary, Singh, Sanjeev, additional, Chakravarthy, Murali, additional, Moni, Merlin, additional, Dhekane, Pruthu, additional, Mohamed, Zubair, additional, Kumar, Anil, additional, Kaushik, Arun, additional, Shameen, Fathima, additional, Senthil, Priyadarshini, additional, Saravanan, Tejaswini, additional, George, Anu, additional, Sinclair, Dorothy, additional, Stwalley, Dustin, additional, van Rheenen, Jacaranda, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Smith, Rachel Mann, additional, Leekha, Surbhi, additional, and Warren, David K, additional

Published
2022
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11. Effectiveness of Whole-Virus COVID-19 Vaccine among Healthcare Personnel, Lima, Peru

Author

Arriola, Carmen S., primary, Soto, Giselle, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Bollinger, Susan, additional, Espinoza, Angelica, additional, Grogl, Max, additional, Llanos-Cuentas, Alejandro, additional, Matos, Eduardo, additional, Romero, Candice, additional, Silva, Maria, additional, Smith, Rachel, additional, Olson, Natalie, additional, Prouty, Michael, additional, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, additional, and Lessa, Fernanda C., additional

Published
2022
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15. Decreased Ebola transmission after rapid response to outbreaks in remote areas, Liberia, 2014

Author

Lindblade, Kim A., Kateh, Francis, Nagbe, Thomas K., Neatherlin, John C., Pillai, Satish K., Attfield, Kathleen R., Dweh, Emmanuel, Barradas, Danielle T., Williams, Seymour G., Blackley, David J., Kirking, Hannah L., Patel, Monita R., Dea, Monica, Massoudi, Mehran S., Wannemuehler, Kathleen, Barskey, Albert E., Zarecki, Shauna L. Mettee, Fomba, Moses, Grube, Steven, Belcher, Lisa, Broyles, Laura N., Maxwell, T. Nikki, Hagan, Jose E., Yeoman, Kristin, Westercamp, Matthew, Forrester, Joseph, Mott, Joshua, Mahoney, Frank, Slutsker, Laurence, DeCock, Kevin M., and Nyenswah, Tolbert

Subjects
Ebola virus infections -- Health aspects -- Risk factors -- Research, Disease transmission -- Research, Health
Abstract

The current Ebola virus disease (Ebola) epidemic in West Africa, caused by the Zaire strain, is the largest in history; >27,000 cases have been reported since Ebola was detected in [...]

Published
2015
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16. Effectiveness of whole virus COVID-19 vaccine at protecting health care personnel against SARS-CoV-2 infections in Lima, Peru

Author

Arriola, Carmen, primary, Soto, Giselle, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Bollinger, Susan, additional, Espinoza, Angelica, additional, Grogl, Max, additional, Llanos-Cuentas, Alejandro, additional, Matos, Eduardo, additional, Romero, Candice, additional, Silva, Maria, additional, Smith, Rachel, additional, Olson, Natalie, additional, Prouty, Michael, additional, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, additional, and Lessa, Fernanda, additional

Published
2022
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17. Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody levels among Thai healthcare providers receiving homologous and heterologous COVID‐19 vaccination regimens

Author

Kittikraisak, Wanitchaya, primary, Hunsawong, Taweewun, additional, Punjasamanvong, Somsak, additional, Wongrapee, Thanapat, additional, Suttha, Patama, additional, Piyaraj, Phunlerd, additional, Leepiyasakulchai, Chaniya, additional, Tanathitikorn, Chuleeekorn, additional, Yoocharoen, Pornsak, additional, Jones, Anthony R., additional, Mongkolsirichaikul, Duangrat, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Azziz‐Baumgartner, Eduardo, additional, Mott, Joshua A., additional, and Chottanapund, Suthat, additional

Published
2022
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18. Implementation of the Comprehensive Unit-Based Safety Program to Improve Infection Prevention and Control Practices in Four Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Pune, India

Author

Johnson, Julia, primary, Latif, Asad, additional, Randive, Bharat, additional, Kadam, Abhay, additional, Rajput, Uday, additional, Kinikar, Aarti, additional, Malshe, Nandini, additional, Lalwani, Sanjay, additional, Parikh, Tushar B., additional, Vaidya, Umesh, additional, Malwade, Sudhir, additional, Agarkhedkar, Sharad, additional, Curless, Melanie S., additional, Coffin, Susan E., additional, Smith, Rachel M., additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Colantuoni, Elizabeth, additional, Robinson, Matthew L., additional, Mave, Vidya, additional, Gupta, Amita, additional, Manabe, Yukari C., additional, and Milstone, Aaron M., additional

Published
2022
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20. 375. High Laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Attack Rate in Lima Health Care Personnel During August 2020-March 2021 Suggests Role for Improved Infection Control

Author

Westercamp, Matthew, primary, Soto, Giselle, additional, Smith, Rachel, additional, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, additional, Bollinger, Susan, additional, Castillo, Roger, additional, Cuentas, Alejandro Llanos, additional, Grogl, Max, additional, Olson, Natalie, additional, Prouty, Mike, additional, Matos, Eduardo, additional, Romero, Candice, additional, Silva, Marita, additional, Lessa, Fernanda C, additional, and Arriola, Carmen S, additional

Published
2021
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21. Secondary infections with Ebola virus in rural communities, Liberia and guinea, 2014-2015

Author

Lindblade, Kim A., Nyenswah, Tolbert, Keita, Sakoba, Diallo, Boubakar, Kateh, Francis, Amoah, Aurora, Nagbe, Thomas K., Raghunathan, Pratima, Neatherlin, John C., Kinzer, Mike, Pillai, Satish K., Attfield, Kathleen R., Hajjeh, Rana, Dweh, Emmanuel, Painter, John, Barradas, Danielle T., Williams, Seymour G., Blackley, David J., Kirking, Hannah L., Patel, Monita R., Dea, Monica, Massoudi, Mehran S., Barskey, Albert E., Zarecki, Shauna L. Mettee, Fomba, Moses, Grube, Steven, Belcher, Lisa, Broyles, Laura N., Maxwell, T. Nikki, Hagan, Jose E., Yeoman, Kristin, Westercamp, Matthew, Mott, Joshua, Mahoney, Frank, Slutsker, Laurence, DeCock, Kevin M., Marston, Barbara, and Dahl, Benjamin

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ebola hemorrhagic fever -- Development and progression -- Prevention -- Health aspects, Disease transmission -- Development and progression -- Prevention -- Health aspects, Ebola virus -- Health aspects, Health, World Health Organization
Abstract

Transmission of Ebola virus occurs through direct contact with blood or other body fluids of an infected person after symptoms have developed. During an outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD), [...]

Published
2016
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23. Outbreak of human adenovirus Type 3 infection in a pediatric long-term care facility - Illinois, 2005

Author

James, Lyn, Vernon, Michael O., Jones, Roderick C., Stewart, Anita, Lu, Xiaoyan, Zollar, Lowell M., Chudoba, Maria, Westercamp, Matthew, Alcasid, Grace, Duffee-Kerr, Liane, Wood, Linda, Boonlayangoor, Sue, Bethel, Cindy, Ritger, Kathleen, Conover, Craig, Erdman, Dean D., and Gerber, Susan I.

Subjects
Adenovirus diseases -- Demographic aspects, Adenovirus diseases -- Research, Adenovirus diseases -- Risk factors, Epidemics -- Illinois, Epidemics -- Research, Long-term care facilities -- Health aspects, Children -- Diseases, Children -- Research, Children -- Development and progression, Health, Health care industry
Published
2007

24. Antibiotic Choice, Effectiveness, and Outcome Among Hospitalized Neonates with Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection in India: A Prospective Cohort Study

Author

Robinson, Matthew Louis, primary, Johnson, Julia, additional, Randive, Bharat, additional, Rajput, Uday C., additional, Kinikar, Aarti, additional, Parikh, Tushar B., additional, Vaidya, Umesh, additional, Malwade, Sudhir, additional, Agarkhedkar, Sharad, additional, Valvi, Chhaya, additional, Dohe, Vaishali B., additional, Kagal, Anju, additional, Sanghavi, Sonali, additional, Kadam, Abhay, additional, Huskins, Charles, additional, Coffin, Susan, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Smith, Rachel M., additional, Gupta, Amita, additional, Mave, Vidya, additional, Milstone, Aaron M., additional, and Manabe, Yukari, additional

Published
2021
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25. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Levels Among Thai Healthcare Providers Receiving Homologous and Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccination Regimens

Author

Kittikraisak, Wanitchaya, primary, Hunsawong, Taweewun, additional, Punjasamanvong, Somsak, additional, Wongrapee, Thanapat, additional, Suttha, Patama, additional, Piyaraj, Phunlerd, additional, Leepiyasakulchai, Chaniya, additional, Tanathitikorn, Chuleeekorn, additional, Yoocharoen, Pornsak, additional, Jones, Anthony R., additional, Mongkolsirichaikul, Duangrat, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, additional, Mott, Joshua A., additional, and Chottanapund, Suthat, additional

Published
2021
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26. 1378. Reservoirs of Transmission of Resistant Gram-negative Pathogens Responsible for Neonatal Sepsis among Hospitalized Neonates in Pune, India

Author

Johnson, Julia, primary, Johnson, Julia, additional, Robinson, Matthew, additional, Naik, Shilpa Nandkumar, additional, Patil, Sunil, additional, Kulkarni, Rajesh, additional, Kinikar, Aarti, additional, Dohe, Vaishali, additional, Mudshinkar, Swati, additional, Smith, Rachel, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Randive, Bharat, additional, Kadam, Abhay, additional, Kulkarni, Vandana, additional, Mave, Vidya, additional, Gupta, Amita, additional, Milstone, Aaron, additional, and Manabe, Yukari C, additional

Published
2020
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29. Infection Prevention and Control Capacity Building During 2018–2019 Democratic Republic of Congo Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak

Author

Baller, April, primary, Ousman, Kevin, additional, Padoveze, Maria Clara, additional, Basilubo, Charles, additional, Bobwa, Rodrigue, additional, Engrand, Antoine, additional, Houndjo, Bienvenu, additional, Cihambanya, Landry, additional, Lotemo, Jonathan, additional, Mangala, Samuel, additional, Mirindi, Patrick, additional, Tatabod, Jude, additional, Niang, Deye, additional, Ndir, Awa, additional, Yao, Michel, additional, Christensen, Bryan, additional, Fall, Ibrahima, additional, Gomes, Danica, additional, Gueye, Abdou, additional, Hazim, Carmen, additional, Malpiedi, Paul, additional, Nsenda, Jonas Nsenda, additional, Patrick, Molly, additional, tremblay, Nathalie, additional, Amber, Vasquez, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Wilson, Katie, additional, Nzeyimana, Remegie, additional, Saenz, Lucia, additional, and Allegranzi, Benedetta, additional

Published
2020
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30. Implementation of the Comprehensive Unit-Based Safety Program to Improve Hand Hygiene in Four NICUs in Pune, India

Author

Johnson, Julia, primary, Latif, Asad, additional, Randive, Bharat, additional, Kadam, Abhay, additional, Rajput, Uday, additional, Kinikar, Aarti, additional, Malshe, Nandini, additional, Lalwani, Sanjay, additional, Parikh, Tushar, additional, Vaidya, Umesh, additional, Malwade, Sudhir, additional, Agarkhedkar, Sharad, additional, Curless, Melanie, additional, Coffin, Susan, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Smith, Rachel, additional, Mave, Vidya, additional, Gupta, Amita, additional, Manabe, Yukari, additional, and Milstone, Aaron Michael, additional

Published
2020
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31. Improving Confirmatory Testing for the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network in Ethiopia

Author

Wadhwa, Ashutosh, primary, Parsons, Michele, additional, Beyene, Degefu, additional, Assefa, Dawit, additional, Alebachew, Gebrie, additional, Hazim, Carmen, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Kanter, Theresa, additional, Thomas, Elizabeth, additional, Dinku, Surafel Fentaw, additional, Hailu, Kibra, additional, Mohamed, Aynalem, additional, Mitiku, Mequanit, additional, Omondi, Michael, additional, Gallagher, Kathleen, additional, Berhanu, Amare, additional, Halpin, Alison, additional, and Bollinger, Susan, additional

Published
2020
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32. Enhanced contact investigations for nine early travel-related cases of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States

Author

Burke, Rachel M., primary, Balter, Sharon, additional, Barnes, Emily, additional, Barry, Vaughn, additional, Bartlett, Karri, additional, Beer, Karlyn D., additional, Benowitz, Isaac, additional, Biggs, Holly M., additional, Bruce, Hollianne, additional, Bryant-Genevier, Jonathan, additional, Cates, Jordan, additional, Chatham-Stephens, Kevin, additional, Chea, Nora, additional, Chiou, Howard, additional, Christiansen, Demian, additional, Chu, Victoria T., additional, Clark, Shauna, additional, Cody, Sara H., additional, Cohen, Max, additional, Conners, Erin E., additional, Dasari, Vishal, additional, Dawson, Patrick, additional, DeSalvo, Traci, additional, Donahue, Matthew, additional, Dratch, Alissa, additional, Duca, Lindsey, additional, Duchin, Jeffrey, additional, Dyal, Jonathan W., additional, Feldstein, Leora R., additional, Fenstersheib, Marty, additional, Fischer, Marc, additional, Fisher, Rebecca, additional, Foo, Chelsea, additional, Freeman-Ponder, Brandi, additional, Fry, Alicia M., additional, Gant, Jessica, additional, Gautom, Romesh, additional, Ghinai, Isaac, additional, Gounder, Prabhu, additional, Grigg, Cheri T., additional, Gunzenhauser, Jeffrey, additional, Hall, Aron J., additional, Han, George S., additional, Haupt, Thomas, additional, Holshue, Michelle, additional, Hunter, Jennifer, additional, Ibrahim, Mireille B., additional, Jacobs, Max W., additional, Jarashow, M. Claire, additional, Joshi, Kiran, additional, Kamali, Talar, additional, Kawakami, Vance, additional, Kim, Moon, additional, Kirking, Hannah L., additional, Kita-Yarbro, Amanda, additional, Klos, Rachel, additional, Kobayashi, Miwako, additional, Kocharian, Anna, additional, Lang, Misty, additional, Layden, Jennifer, additional, Leidman, Eva, additional, Lindquist, Scott, additional, Lindstrom, Stephen, additional, Link-Gelles, Ruth, additional, Marlow, Mariel, additional, Mattison, Claire P., additional, McClung, Nancy, additional, McPherson, Tristan D., additional, Mello, Lynn, additional, Midgley, Claire M., additional, Novosad, Shannon, additional, Patel, Megan T., additional, Pettrone, Kristen, additional, Pillai, Satish K., additional, Pray, Ian W., additional, Reese, Heather E., additional, Rhodes, Heather, additional, Robinson, Susan, additional, Rolfes, Melissa, additional, Routh, Janell, additional, Rubin, Rachel, additional, Rudman, Sarah L., additional, Russell, Denny, additional, Scott, Sarah, additional, Shetty, Varun, additional, Smith-Jeffcoat, Sarah E., additional, Soda, Elizabeth A., additional, Spitters, Christopher, additional, Stierman, Bryan, additional, Sunenshine, Rebecca, additional, Terashita, Dawn, additional, Traub, Elizabeth, additional, Vahey, Grace M., additional, Verani, Jennifer R., additional, Wallace, Megan, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Wortham, Jonathan, additional, Xie, Amy, additional, Yousaf, Anna, additional, and Zahn, Matthew, additional

Published
2020
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33. High Burden of Bloodstream Infections Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance and Mortality in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Pune, India

Author

Johnson, Julia, primary, Robinson, Matthew L, additional, Rajput, Uday C, additional, Valvi, Chhaya, additional, Kinikar, Aarti, additional, Parikh, Tushar B, additional, Vaidya, Umesh, additional, Malwade, Sudhir, additional, Agarkhedkar, Sharad, additional, Randive, Bharat, additional, Kadam, Abhay, additional, Smith, Rachel M, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Mave, Vidya, additional, Gupta, Amita, additional, Milstone, Aaron M, additional, and Manabe, Yukari C, additional

Published
2020
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35. High Burden of Bloodstream Infections Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance and Mortality in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Pune, India.

Author

Johnson, Julia, Robinson, Matthew L, Rajput, Uday C, Valvi, Chhaya, Kinikar, Aarti, Parikh, Tushar B, Vaidya, Umesh, Malwade, Sudhir, Agarkhedkar, Sharad, Randive, Bharat, Kadam, Abhay, Smith, Rachel M, Westercamp, Matthew, Mave, Vidya, Gupta, Amita, Milstone, Aaron M, and Manabe, Yukari C

Subjects
BACTEREMIA, BLOOD, KLEBSIELLA, NEONATAL intensive care, CELL culture, GRAM-negative bacteria, NEONATAL intensive care units, TERTIARY care, HOSPITAL mortality, DISEASE prevalence, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, CARBAPENEMS, LONGITUDINAL method
Abstract

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to newborns in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Methods We performed a prospective cohort study in 3 tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Pune, India, to describe the epidemiology of neonatal bloodstream infections (BSIs). All neonates admitted to the NICU were enrolled. The primary outcome was BSI, defined as positive blood culture. Early-onset BSI was defined as BSI on day of life (DOL) 0–2 and late-onset BSI on DOL 3 or later. Results From 1 May 2017 until 30 April 2018, 4073 neonates were enrolled. Among at-risk neonates, 55 (1.6%) developed early-onset BSI and 176 (5.5%) developed late-onset BSI. The majority of BSIs were caused by gram-negative bacteria (GNB; 58%); among GNB, 61 (45%) were resistant to carbapenems. Klebsiella spp. (n = 53, 23%) were the most common cause of BSI. Compared with neonates without BSI, all-cause mortality was higher among neonates with early-onset BSI (31% vs 10%, P  < .001) and late-onset BSI (24% vs 7%, P  < .001). Non–low-birth-weight neonates with late-onset BSI had the greatest excess in mortality (22% vs 3%, P  < .001). Conclusions In our cohort, neonatal BSIs were most commonly caused by GNB, with a high prevalence of AMR, and were associated with high mortality, even in term neonates. Effective interventions are urgently needed to reduce the burden of BSI and death due to AMR GNB in hospitalized neonates in LMIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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38. Surveillance for incidence and etiology of early-onset neonatal sepsis in Soweto, South Africa

Author

Velaphi, Sithembiso C., primary, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Moleleki, Malefu, additional, Pondo, Tracy, additional, Dangor, Ziyaad, additional, Wolter, Nicole, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Shang, Nong, additional, Demirjian, Alicia, additional, Winchell, Jonas M., additional, Diaz, Maureen H., additional, Nakwa, Firdose, additional, Okudo, Grace, additional, Wadula, Jeannette, additional, Cutland, Clare, additional, Schrag, Stephanie J., additional, and Madhi, Shabir A., additional

Published
2019
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39. Establishment of a Sentinel Laboratory-Based Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network in Ethiopia

Author

Hazim, Carmen, primary, Abubeker Ibrahim, Rajiha, additional, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Belete, Gebrie Alebachew, additional, Amare Kibret, Berhanu, additional, Kanter, Theresa, additional, Yimer, Getnet, additional, Adem, Thuria Siraj, additional, Stevenson, Kurt B., additional, Urrego, Maritza, additional, Kale, Kashmira N., additional, Omondi, Michael W., additional, VanderEnde, Daniel, additional, Park, Benjamin J., additional, Parsons, Michele M.B., additional, and Gallagher, Kathleen M., additional

Published
2018
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40. Rapid intervention to reduce Ebola transmission in a remote village--Gbarpolu County, Liberia, 2014

Author

Blackley, David J., Lindblade, Kim A., Kateh, Francis, Broyles, Laura N., Westercamp, Matthew, Neatherlin, John C., Pillai, Satish K., Tucker, Anthony, Mott, Joshua A., Walke, Henry, and Nyenswah, Tolbert

Subjects
Liberia. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Ebola virus infections, Public health, Ebola virus, Virus diseases, Health, World Health Organization
Abstract

As late as September 14, 2014, Liberia's Gbarpolu County had reported zero cases of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) (1). On October 25, the Bong County Health Team, a local health [...]

Published
2016

41. 1452Emergence of Echinocandin and Multi-drug Resistant Candida glabrata Bloodstream Infection: Data from a Large Multi-site Population-Based Candidemia Surveillance Program

Author

Vallabhaneni, Snigdha, primary, Westercamp, Matthew, additional, Cleveland, Angela, additional, Farley, Monica M., additional, Harrison, Lee, additional, Schaffner, William, additional, Beldavs, Zintars G., additional, Pham, Cau, additional, Lockhart, Shawn, additional, Chiller, Tom, additional, and Park, Benjamin, additional

Published
2014
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45. Circumcision preference among women and uncircumcised men prior to scale-up of male circumcision for HIV prevention in Kisumu, Kenya.

Author

Westercamp, Matthew, Agot, KawangoE., Ndinya-Achola, Jeckoniah, and Bailey, RobertC.

Subjects
*HIV prevention, *ATTITUDE (Psychology), *CHI-squared test, *CIRCUMCISION, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *EPIDEMIOLOGY, *HEALTH attitudes, *INTERVIEWING, *PROBABILITY theory, *HUMAN sexuality, *SURVEYS, *DATA analysis, *CROSS-sectional method, *HEALTH literacy, *DATA analysis software, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract

Following the endorsement by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) of male circumcision as an additional strategy to HIV prevention, initiatives to introduce safe, voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services commenced in 2008 in several sub-Saharan African communities. Information regarding perceptions of circumcision as a method of HIV prevention, however, is largely limited to data collected before this important endorsement and the associated increase in the availability of VMMC services. To address this, we completed a community-based survey of male circumcision (MC) perceptions in the major non-circumcising community in Kenya, which is the current focus of VMMC programs in the country. Data was collected between November 2008 and April 2009, immediately before VMMC program scale-up commenced. Here we present results limited to women (n = 1088) and uncircumcised males (n = 460) to provide insight into factors contributing to the acceptability and preference for MC in those targeted by VMMC programs. Separate multivariable models examining preference for circumcision were defined for married men, unmarried men, and women. Belief in the protective effect of circumcision on HIV risk was strongly associated with preference for MC in all models. Other important factors included education, perceived improvement in sexual pleasure, and perceptions of impact on condom utilization. Identified barriers to circumcision were the belief that circumcision was not part of the local culture, the perception of a long healing period following the procedure, the lack of a specific impetus to seek out services, and the general fear of pain associated with becoming circumcised. A minority of participants expressed beliefs suggesting that behavioral risk compensation with increased MC prevalence and awareness is a possibility. This work describes the early impact of a large-scale VMMC program on beliefs and behaviors regarding MC and HIV risk. It is hoped that our findings may offer guidance into anticipating potential impacts that similar programs may observe in populations throughout Eastern Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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46. Notes from the field: hospitalizations for respiratory disease among unaccompanied children from Central America - multiple States, June-July 2014.

Author

Nyangoma, Edith N, Arriola, Carmen Sofia, Hagan, Jose, Socias, Christina, Tomczyk, Sara, Watkins, Louise Francois, Westercamp, Matthew, Kim, Curi, Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Abstract

During October 2013-June 2014, approximately 54,000 unaccompanied children, mostly from the Central American countries of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras, were identified attempting entry into the United States from Mexico, exceeding numbers reported in previous years. Once identified in the United States, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, an agency of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, processes the unaccompanied children and transfers them to the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR), an office of the Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ORR cares for the children in shelters until they can be released to a sponsor, typically a parent or relative, who can care for the child while their immigration case is processed. In June 2014, in response to the increased number of unaccompanied children, U.S. Customs and Border Protection expanded operations to accommodate children at a processing center in Nogales, Arizona. ORR, together with the U.S. Department of Defense, opened additional large temporary shelters for the children at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas; U.S. Army Garrison Ft. Sill, Oklahoma; and Naval Base Ventura County, California. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

47. Changes in Male Circumcision Prevalence and Risk Compensation in the Kisumu, Kenya Population, 2008-2013.

Author

Westercamp M, Jaoko W, Mehta S, Abuor P, Siambe P, and Bailey RC

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Kenya epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Young Adult, Circumcision, Male psychology, Disease Transmission, Infectious prevention & control, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, Risk-Taking
Abstract

Background: Three randomized controlled trials showed that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces the risk of female-to-male HIV transmission by approximately 60%. However, data from communities where VMMC programs have been implemented are needed to assess changes in circumcision prevalence and whether men and women compensate for perceived reductions in risk by increasing their HIV risk behaviors., Methods: Scale-up of free VMMC began in Kisumu, Kenya in 2008. Between 2009 and 2013, a sequence of 3 unlinked cross-sectional surveys were conducted. All individuals 15-49 years of age residing in randomly selected households were interviewed and offered HIV testing. Male circumcision status was confirmed by examination. Design-adjusted bivariate comparisons and multivariable analyses were used for statistical inference., Results: The prevalence of male circumcision increased from 32% (95% CI: 26% to 38%) in 2009 to 60% (95% CI: 56% to 63%) in 2013. The adjusted prevalence ratio of HIV and genital ulcer disease in circumcised compared with uncircumcised men was 0.48 (95% CI: 0.36 to 0.66) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37 to 0.69), respectively. There was no association between circumcision status and sexual behaviors, HIV knowledge, or indicators of risk perception., Conclusions: The conditions necessary for the VMMC program to have a significant public health impact are present in Kisumu, Kenya. Between 2009 and 2013, circumcision prevalence increased from 30% to 60%; HIV prevalence in circumcised men was half that of uncircumcised men, and there was no or minimal sexual risk compensation.

Published
2017
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48. Rapid response to Ebola outbreaks in remote areas - Liberia, July-November 2014.

Author

Kateh F, Nagbe T, Kieta A, Barskey A, Gasasira AN, Driscoll A, Tucker A, Christie A, Karmo B, Scott C, Bowah C, Barradas D, Blackley D, Dweh E, Warren F, Mahoney F, Kassay G, Calvert GM, Castro G, Logan G, Appiah G, Kirking H, Koon H, Papowitz H, Walke H, Cole IB, Montgomery J, Neatherlin J, Tappero JW, Hagan JE, Forrester J, Woodring J, Mott J, Attfield K, DeCock K, Lindblade KA, Powell K, Yeoman K, Adams L, Broyles LN, Slutsker L, Larway L, Belcher L, Cooper L, Santos M, Westercamp M, Weinberg MP, Massoudi M, Dea M, Patel M, Hennessey M, Fomba M, Lubogo M, Maxwell N, Moonan P, Arzoaquoi S, Gee S, Zayzay S, Pillai S, Williams S, Zarecki SM, Yett S, James S, Grube S, Gupta S, Nelson T, Malibiche T, Frank W, Smith W, and Nyenswah T

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Outbreaks statistics & numerical data, Female, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola epidemiology, Humans, Infant, Liberia epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Young Adult, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Ebolavirus isolation & purification, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola prevention & control, Rural Population statistics & numerical data
Abstract

West Africa is experiencing its first epidemic of Ebola virus disease (Ebola). As of February 9, Liberia has reported 8,864 Ebola cases, of which 3,147 were laboratory-confirmed. Beginning in August 2014, the Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSW), supported by CDC, the World Health Organization (WHO), and others, began systematically investigating and responding to Ebola outbreaks in remote areas. Because many of these areas lacked mobile telephone service, easy road access, and basic infrastructure, flexible and targeted interventions often were required. Development of a national strategy for the Rapid Isolation and Treatment of Ebola (RITE) began in early October. The strategy focuses on enhancing capacity of county health teams (CHT) to investigate outbreaks in remote areas and lead tailored responses through effective and efficient coordination of technical and operational assistance from the MOHSW central level and international partners. To measure improvements in response indicators and outcomes over time, data from investigations of 12 of 15 outbreaks in remote areas with illness onset dates of index cases during July 16-November 20, 2014, were analyzed. The times to initial outbreak alerts and durations of the outbreaks declined over that period while the proportions of patients who were isolated and treated increased. At the same time, the case-fatality rate in each outbreak declined. Implementation of strategies, such as RITE, to rapidly respond to rural outbreaks of Ebola through coordinated and tailored responses can successfully reduce transmission and improve outcomes.

Published
2015

49. Rapid intervention to reduce Ebola transmission in a remote village - Gbarpolu County, Liberia, 2014.

Author

Blackley DJ, Lindblade KA, Kateh F, Broyles LN, Westercamp M, Neatherlin JC, Pillai SK, Tucker A, Mott JA, Walke H, and Nyenswah T

Subjects
Adult, Child, Contact Tracing, Ebolavirus isolation & purification, Female, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola epidemiology, Humans, Liberia epidemiology, Male, Time Factors, Travel, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola prevention & control
Abstract

As late as September 14, 2014, Liberia's Gbarpolu County had reported zero cases of Ebola virus disease (Ebola). On October 25, the Bong County Health Team, a local health department in the Liberian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSW), received confirmation of Ebola in a man who had recently left Geleyansiesu, a remote village of approximately 800 residents, after his wife and daughter had died of illnesses consistent with Ebola. MOHSW requested assistance from CDC, the World Health Organization, and other international partners to investigate and confirm the outbreak in Geleyansiesu and begin interventions to interrupt transmission. A total of 22 cases were identified, of which 18 (82%) were laboratory confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. There were 16 deaths (case-fatality rate = 73%). Without road access to or direct telecommunications with the village, interventions had to be tailored to the local context. Public health interventions included 1) education of the community about Ebola, transmission of the virus, signs and symptoms, the importance of isolating ill patients from family members, and the potential benefits of early diagnosis and treatment; 2) establishment of mechanisms to alert health authorities of possibly infected persons leaving the village to facilitate safe transport to the closest Ebola treatment unit (ETU); 3) case investigation, contact tracing, and monitoring of contacts; 4) training in hygienic burial of dead bodies; 5) active case finding and diagnosis; and 6) isolation and limited no-touch treatment in the village of patients unwilling or unable to seek care at an ETU. The findings of this investigation could inform interventions aimed at controlling focal outbreaks in difficult-to-reach communities, which has been identified as an important component of the effort to eliminate Ebola from Liberia.

Published
2015

50. Evidence for declining numbers of Ebola cases--Montserrado County, Liberia, June-October 2014.

Author

Nyenswah TG, Westercamp M, Kamali AA, Qin J, Zielinski-Gutierrez E, Amegashie F, Fallah M, Gergonne B, Nugba-Ballah R, Singh G, Aberle-Grasse JM, Havers F, Montgomery JM, Bawo L, Wang SA, and Rosenberg R

Subjects
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola epidemiology, Humans, Liberia epidemiology, Ebolavirus isolation & purification, Epidemics prevention & control, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola prevention & control, Patient Admission statistics & numerical data
Abstract

The epidemic of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in West Africa that began in March 2014 has caused approximately 13,200 suspected, probable, and confirmed cases, including approximately 6,500 in Liberia. About 50% of Liberia's reported cases have been in Montserrado County (population 1.5 million), the most populous county, which contains the capital city, Monrovia. To examine the course of the Ebola epidemic in Montserrado County, data on Ebola treatment unit (ETU) admissions, laboratory testing of patient blood samples, and collection of dead bodies were analyzed. Each of the three data sources indicated consistent declines of 53%-73% following a peak incidence in mid-September. The declines in ETU admissions, percentage of patients with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results positive for Ebola, and dead bodies are the first evidence of reduction in disease after implementation of multiple prevention and response measures. The possible contributions of these interventions to the decline is not yet fully understood or corroborated. A reduction in cases suggests some progress; however, eliminating Ebola transmission is the critical goal and will require greatly intensified efforts for complete, high-quality surveillance to direct and drive the rapid intervention, tracking, and response efforts that remain essential.

Published
2014

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