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Nozzle type and herbicide application timing can affect herbicide efficacy. Prickly sida (Sida spinosa) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) are problematic weeds in eastern Mississippi cotton production and have reduced yield in recent years. Field studies were conducted at two locations – Brooksville, MS (2018, 2019) and Starkville, MS (2019) to understand the nozzle type and herbicide application timing effects on prickly sida and barnyardgrass control in cotton. Studies also compared applications made by an eight-nozzle tractor-mounted sprayer with a four-nozzle backpack sprayer. Herbicide applications were made at four timings: preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), mid-postemergence (MPOST), and late-postemergence (LPOST) corresponding to the preemergence (immediately after planting), two-to-three leaf, four-to-six leaf, and early-bloom stages, respectively. Treatments were made at 140 l · ha−1 applied at each growth stage, with nozzle type and sprayer as variables by each timing. Results showed no differences in treatments applied with backpack and tractor-mounted sprayers. Control of barnyardgrass was significantly affected by nozzle type, but control of prickly sida was not significantly influenced by nozzle type. In all three site-years, plots receiving a MPOST only herbicide application resulted in less weed control than areas receiving a two-pass POST herbicide program. Cotton yield was significantly affected by the herbicide program at one site-year, but was not significantly affected by the herbicide program except where cotton injury exceeded 15%. A two- or three-pass herbicide program was most effective in controlling prickly sida and barnyardgrass in Mississippi cotton.

A monoclonal antibody called TNX-901 may reduce the risk of peanut allergy in susceptible people who are accidentally exposed to peanuts in other products, according to a study of 84 people with a peanut allergy. The antibody decreased their sensitivity to peanuts so they could tolerate up to nine peanuts. Most could only tolerate one peanut or less before taking the antibody.

Specific impulse, thrust, and other dynamic characteristics of solid elemental propellants for ablative laser propulsion are studied experimentally with the aid of a piezoelectric force sensor. This sensor allows direct measurements of applied thrust. Experimental results show that the highest specific impulse, ~4.0 x [10.sup.3] s, occurs for carbon and aluminum, whereas the highest coupling coefficient (8 dyne/W) was observed for lead targets. The ablation time, derived from independent time-of-flight (TOF) experiments and used for the calculation of impulses, was ~1.5/[micro]s for the majority of the elements studied. These new measurements confirm a decrease of specific impulse and an increase in thrust with increasing atomic mass of the propellant; the major trend previously determined from TOF experiments. The plasma image analysis also confirms the previously reported angular independence of ion velocity, established after the first 100 ns of plasma life. In previously reported TOF studies, all observations were based on the ionic component ejected from a laser-ablated material. An almost fivefold reduction in the absolute values of the specific impulse was observed in the current effort. This result is attributed to 'dilution' of the high specific impulse values for ions by slower atomic neutrals and larger fragments. Among all of the tested elements, aluminum is found to provide the optimum tradeoff for [I.sub.sp] and thrust values.

An examination of the curriculum requirements of 62 university wildlife programs is presented, focusing on a core set of mathematical and statistical concepts that must be mastered.

Cavity-restrictors have been suggested as a method of reducing kleptoparasitism of red-cockaded woodpecker cavities by other cavity-living species. A study of the long-term effects of cavity restrictors shows they may be a useful management tool.

Nozzle type and herbicide application timing can affect herbicide efficacy. Prickly sida (Sida spinosa) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) are problematic weeds in eastern Mississippi cotton production and have reduced yield in recent years. Field studies were conducted at two locations – Brooksville, MS (2018, 2019) and Starkville, MS (2019) to understand the nozzle type and herbicide application timing effects on prickly sida and barnyardgrass control in cotton. Studies also compared applications made by an eight-nozzle tractor-mounted sprayer with a four-nozzle backpack sprayer. Herbicide applications were made at four timings: preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), mid-postemergence (MPOST), and late-postemergence (LPOST) corresponding to the preemergence (immediately after planting), two-to-three leaf, four-to-six leaf, and early-bloom stages, respectively. Treatments were made at 140 l · ha−1 applied at each growth stage, with nozzle type and sprayer as variables by each timing. Results showed no differences in treatments applied with backpack and tractor-mounted sprayers. Control of barnyardgrass was significantly affected by nozzle type, but control of prickly sida was not significantly influenced by nozzle type. In all three site-years, plots receiving a MPOST only herbicide application resulted in less weed control than areas receiving a two-pass POST herbicide program. Cotton yield was significantly affected by the herbicide program at one site-year, but was not significantly affected by the herbicide program except where cotton injury exceeded 15%. A two- or three-pass herbicide program was most effective in controlling prickly sida and barnyardgrass in Mississippi cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Looks at violence as a public health problem. Involvement of Rudolf Virchow, 19th century Berlin pathologist; Information on guidelines developed by the American Medical Association; Involvement of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW).

Substantial evidence suggests that the current associated with the discharge is a more precise predictor of defibrillation success than is the total energy of the discharge. However, virtually, all commercially available defibrillators are calibrated in terms of energy. This article describes an alternative type of experimental defibrillator, which provides a precisely controlled current throughout the discharge waveform, independent of the load presented to the discharge electrodes (or ‘paddles’). The discharge current waveform is designed to have the classical critically damped sinusoid waveform, identical to that of the traditional energy-based defibrillator when it is properly matched with its ideal load (the heart/thorax combination). The techniques used to obtain a controlled current discharge are discussed in addition to special operational features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]