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Madagascarhinus madagascariensis n. sp. Figures 1A, 2 and 3 Material examined: Holotype: ♁, MHNG Mad 89/21; Madagascar, Province Antananarivo, Ankaratra massif, station Forestière Manjakatompo, près du sommet du Anosirivo, forêt primaire, prélèvement de sol dans une vieille souche, 1980 m; 26.xi.1989, leg. B. Hauser, extraction Berlese à Genève. Paratypes: 1 ♁, 2 ♀♀, MHNG, same data as previous; 1 ♁, ZFMK MYR12534, same data as previous, utilized for SEM. Etymology: The new species is named after the type locality. Adjective. Diagnosis: Long, slender, whitish-beige siphonorhinid without paranota. Up to 11 mm long with 62 tergites. Antennomere 2 as long as 3 and 4 combined, antennomere 6 only slightly longer than and as wide as antennomere 5. Sensilla basiconica on antennomere 5 and 6 located in a field. Anterior gonopod with seven podomeres, typical for the family, posterior gonopod with seven podomeres, podomere 7 apically with two bifurcated, apically thickening branches, basally with a spiniform process, typical for the genus. Differs from M. andasibensis n. sp. in the wider head (wider than long in M. madagascariensis n. sp., longer than wide in M. andasibensis n. sp.), the presence of a much larger lower branch of the claw at the anterior legs, reaching 2/3 of the length of the claw (1/3 of the claw in M. andasibensis n. sp.) at leg 1 and being even larger than the claw in leg 2, in the anterior and posterior gonopods possessing seven podomeres (six in M. andasibensis n. sp.), and the last podomere of the anterior gonopod being shorter and less strongly elongated than in M. andasibensis n. sp. Description: Measurements: all specimens of equal width, approximately 0.5 mm, holotype male with 49+1 tergites, ~ 8.5 mm long. Largest paratype male 61+1 tergites, ~ 11 mm long, smaller paratype male 27+1 tergites, ~ 4 mm long, females with 26+1 tergites, ~ 4 mm long and 19+1 tergites, ~ 3 mm long, respectively. Two males orange-whitish (Fig. 1A), third male and females white (bleached?). Head: pear shaped, densely setose, slightly wider than long (Figs 2A, B). Gnathochilarium consisting of well distinguishable plates: mentum, stipes, lamellae linguales and a pair of lateral palpi origination from the stipes (Figs 2B, C). Rudimentary palps as wide as lamellae linguales, with 4–7 sensorial cones (Fig. 2C). Lamellae linguales towards one another with a sclerotized ledge, separated by a short gap (Fig. 2C). Antennae elbowed between antennomeres 2 and 3, antennomere 2 elongated, narrower than other antennomeres, as long as 3 and 4 combined (Fig. 2A). Antennomere 6 cylindrical, slightly longer but as wide as 5th. Antennomeres 5 and 6 latero-apically with rows of sensilla basiconica, 2 rows on 5th and 3 rows on 6th. Disc with four apical cones standing in a single field, a field of 5–10 sensilla basiconica as well as a semi-ring of isolated spiniform sensillae (Fig. 2D). Body-rings: collum slightly longer than following tergites, not overlapping head. Body rings clearly separated into tergite, pleurite and two sternites (Fig. 2F). Tergites without paranota, ozopore located halfway between ventral and dorsal side, relatively close to the posterior margin, surrounded by a single dense row of setae (Fig. 2E). Prozonites covered with scales, metazonites covered by long setae as well as large, well-rounded or spiny sclerotized spines (Figs 2F, H). Pleurites separated into prozonite and metazonite, covered with scales like the prozonite of the tergite (Fig. 2F). Sternites glabrous but covered with strong scales like the pleurites (Fig. 2F), paired stigma openings covered by a plate (Fig. 2G). Legs: first leg pair larger and slightly thickened compared to following legs (Fig. 3A). Triangular coxa fused to sternite. Second leg pair with greatly enlarged apical spine, surpassing length of claw (Fig. 3B). First two leg pairs without trochanter or coxal pores, both trochanter and coxal pores starting at leg pair 3. Apical claw getting successively shorter in more posterior legs. Midbody leg (Fig. 3C) with elongated femur, 1.5 times longer than wide, as long as postfemur and tibia combined. Each podomere at mesal margin with several long setae. Tarsus slender, apically tapering, 4 times longer than wide. Telson: densely setose, shape of prenaal ring inconspicuous; anal valves well-developed; subanal scale small (Fig. 1A). Male sexual characters: gonopore inconspicuous hole with slightly projecting membranous part (Fig. 3B). Anterior gonopod sternite without any processes, inconspicuous. Anterior gonopod consisting of 7 podomeres, 1–6 being cylindrical, each carrying isolated setae (Figs 3D, E). Podomere 7 strongly enlarged, as long as basal 3 or 4 podomeres combined, apically curved, forming a protection sheath for the posterior gonopod. apico-posterior edge with 5–8 long setae. Posterior gonopod sternite inconspicuous (Fig. 3F). Posterior gonopod consisting of 7 podomeres, 1–6 cylindrical. Podomere 7 with two long processes of equal length, being as long as podomeres 1–6 combined (Figs 3F, G). In ventral (posterior) view with a third, setae-like process at mid-length, protruding up to half the length of longer processes. Longer processes forming a wide but thin, spoon-like apex. Habitat: The forest of Manjakatompo is one of the last three (99% have been destroyed) indigenous high plateau forests in Madagascar. The forest was planted by humans a few centuries ago, when it was still connected to now no longer existing fragments of pristine highland vegetation. Manjakatompo harbors rare and endemic genera and species of mammals, but lacks other faunal elements (such as lemurs) most likely due to the artificial origin of the forest and the lack of any fruit-bearing trees (Goodman et al. 1996). Remarks: The same vial which contained the five Madagascarhinus madagascariensis n. sp. specimens also contained 3 Betscheuma sp. (Chordeumatida) and two indeterminable small-bodied Spirobolida (1 female and one juvenile)., Published as part of Wesener, Thomas, 2023, Madagascarhinus, a new genus of the family Siphonorhinidae with two new species from Madagascar (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida), pp. 163-175 in Zootaxa 5278 (1) on pages 165-169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7895182, {"references":["Goodman, S. M., Rakotondravony, D., Schatz, G. & Wilme, L. (1996) Species richness of forest-dwelling birds, rodents and insectivores in a planted forest of native trees: a test case from the Ankaratra, Madagascar. Ecotropica, 2, 109 - 120."]}

Madagascarhinus andasibensis Figures 1B–D, 4–7 Diagnosis: Long, slender, whitish-beige siphonorhinid without paranota. Up to 11 mm long with 63 tergites. Antennomere 2 as long as 3 and 4 combined, antennomere 6 only slightly longer than and as wide as antennomere 5. Sensilla basiconica on antennomere 5 and 6 located in a field, not a separated pit. Differs from M. madagascariensis n. sp. in the narrower head (wider than long in M. madagascariensis n. sp., longer than wide in M. andasibensis n. sp.), the presence of a shorter lower branch of the claw at the anterior legs, reaching 1/3 of the length of the claw (2/3 of the claw in M. madagascariensis n. sp.) at leg 1 and being shorter than the claw in leg 2, in the anterior and posterior gonopods possessing six podomeres (seven in M. madagascariensis n. sp.), and the last podomere of the anterior gonopod being much more strongly elongated than in M. madagascariensis n. sp. Etymology: New species is named after Andasibe, close to the type locality. Adjective. Material examined: Holotype: ♁, ZFMK MYR12218, Madagascar, District Moramanga, Andasibe (Perinet), Analamazaotra Forest Station, 18°55’38.66”S, 48°24’19.42”E, 963 m, secondary forest, sifted leaf litter, leg. L. Spelzhausen and G. Rakotonirina, iv.2017. Paratypes: 1 ♀, MZUF Fi-19E, Madagascar, Reserve de Perinet [Andasibe], foresta pluviale, 29.v.1991, legit L. Bartolozzi, S. Taiti, C. Raharimana (n. Mag. 1107). Description: Measurements: holotype male with 63+1 tergites, ~ 12 mm long, 0.5 mm wide. Colour whitish (Figs 1B–D). Paratype female 61+1 tergites, ~ 12 mm long, 0.5 mm wide. Colour light brownish. Head: pear shaped (Fig. 1C), densely setose, slightly longer than wide (Fig. 4A–C). Gnathochilarium consisting of well distinguishable plates: mentum, stipes, lamellae linguales and a pair of lateral palpi origination from the stipes (Fig. 4G, H). Rudimentary palps as wide as lamellae linguales, with 4–6 sensorial cones (Fig. 4H). Lamellae linguales towards one another with a sclerotized ledge, separated by a short gap (Fig. 4H). Antennae elbowed between antennomeres 3 and 4, antennomere 2 elongated, narrower than other antennomeres, as long as 3 and 4 combined (Fig. 4C, D). Antennomere 6 cylindrical, slightly longer but as wide as 5th. Antennomeres 5 and 6 latero-apically with rows of sensilla basiconica, 2 rows on 5th and 3 rows on 6th (Fig. 4D). Disc with four apical cones standing in a single field, a field of 4–6 sensilla basiconica as well as numerous isolated spiniform sensillae (Fig. 4E). Body-rings: collum slightly longer than following tergites, not overlapping head (Fig. 4A). Body rings clearly separated into tergite, two pleurites and two sternites. Tergites without paranota, ozopore located halfway between ventral and dorsal side, relatively close to the posterior margin, surrounded by a single dense row of setae (Fig. 5A–C). Prozonites covered with scales, metazonites covered by long setae as well as large, well-rounded or spiny sclerotized spines. Pleurites separated into prozonite and metazonite, covered with scales like the prozonite of the tergite (Fig. 5D). Sternite glabrous but covered with strong scales like the pleurites, paired stigma openings covered by a plate. Legs: first leg pair longer and slightly thickened compared to following legs. Triangular coxa fused to sternite, apical spine reaching 1/3 of length of claw. Second leg pair with apical spine protruding up to 2/3 of length of claw. First two leg pairs without trochanter or coxal pores, both trochanter and coxal pores starting at leg pair 3. Apical claw getting successively shorter in more posterior legs. Midbody leg (Fig. 5E) with elongated femur, 1.1 times longer than wide, slightly longer than prefemur. Each podomere at mesal margin with several long setae. Tarsus slender, apically tapering, 4 times longer than wide. Telson: densely setose like tergites. Preanal scale shape inconspicuous, anal valves well-developed, subanal scale small (Fig. 6A–D). Male sexual characters: gonopore an inconspicuous hole with slightly projecting membranous part. Anterior gonopod sternite without any processes, inconspicuous (Fig. 7B). Anterior gonopod consisting of 6 podomeres (Fig. 7A), 1–5 being cylindrical, each carrying isolated setae (Fig. 7A–D). Podomere 6 massively elongated, as long as basal podomeres 1–5 combined, apically tapering, curved laterally, forming a protection sheath for the posterior gonopod. Apico-posterior edge with 5–8 long setae. Posterior gonopod sternite inconspicuous with pair of setae (Fig. 7C). Posterior gonopod consisting of 6 podomeres, 1–5 cylindrical. Podomere 6 with three processes, two of them long processes of equal length, being as long as podomeres 1–5 combined (Fig. 7A–D). In ventral (posterior) view with a third, setae-like process at mid-length, protruding up to half length of longer processes. Longer processes forming a wide but thin, spoon-like end. Remarks: The holotype was collected as part of an ecological study (Spelzhausen et al. 2020). In the same sampling plot, Oxidus gracilis (Koch, 1847), Flagellobolus pauliani Wesener, in Wesener et al., 2009 and a species of Iulomorpha Porat, 1872 were found. The paratype comes from the collections of the MZUF (Wesener & Anilkumar 2020), the same sample included Zoosphaerium neptunus (Butler, 1872), an unknown small Polydesmida species, a medium-sized immature Spirostreptidae, and four specimens of the Spirobolida species Hylekobolus andasibensis Wesener, in Wesener et al., 2009., Published as part of Wesener, Thomas, 2023, Madagascarhinus, a new genus of the family Siphonorhinidae with two new species from Madagascar (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida), pp. 163-175 in Zootaxa 5278 (1) on pages 169-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/7895182, {"references":["Spelzhausen, L., Wesener, T. & Schutte, K. (2020) Vegetation thresholds for the occurrence of millipedes (Diplopoda) in different tropical forest types in Andasibe, Madagascar. Madagascar Conservation and Development, 15 (1), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.4314 / mcd. v 15 i 1.3","Koch, C. L. (1847) System der Myriapoden. Pustet, Regensburg, 270 pp.","Wesener, T., Enghoff, H. & Sierwald, P. (2009) Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' Fire Millipedes' (Diplopoda). ZooKeys, 19, 1 - 128.","Porat, C. O. (1872) Myripoda Africae australis, in Museo Regio Homiae asservata, recensuit. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps- Akademiens Forhandlingar, 1872 (5), 3 - 46.","Wesener, T. & Anilkumar, P. A. (2020) The millipedes collected by the Museum \" La Specola \" on Madagascar 1989 / 1991, with the description of three new species of giant pill-millipedes (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae). In: Korsos, Z. & Danyi, L. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 18 th International Congress of Myriapodology, Budapest, Hungary. ZooKeys, 930, pp. 3 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 930.47620","Butler, A. G. (1872) Descriptions of new Myriopoda of the family Glomeridae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 10, 354 - 359."]}

Dawydoffia siphonocryptida new species Figures 6–9 Etymology: The first author’s first thought was, when observing this species, that it belongs to the Siphonocryptida, whose members resemble this species in their habitus. Noun in apposition. Material examined: Holotype: 1 ♁, SMF, broken and utilized for SEM and genetic sampling. Laos, Luang Prabang Prov., SE Luang Prabang, Nam Khan, Xien Ngeun Dist., Ban Keng Koung, 372 m, 19°40'96.3'' N, 102°18'44.2'' E, disturbed forest, valley, waterfall, forest soil, pitfall trap, leg. P. Jäger 21– 28.2.2008. Paratypes: 1 ♀, SMF, same data as holotype, but coll. by Winkler extraction, leg. P. Jäger, 23.2.2008; 1 ♀, SMF, Laos, Luang Prabang Prov., SE Luang Prabang, Nam Khan, between Ban Khon Why and Xieng Ngeun, Houay Tham, 363 m, 19°44'51.2'' N, 102°13'15.4'' E, along stream, leaf litter at rocks, daytime, sieving, leg. P. Jäger, 24.3.2007; 1 ♀, ZFMK MYR 12266, same data as previous. Diagnosis: D siphonocryptida n. sp. differs from D. kalonota in the coloration: body white, with black stripe starting at tergite 3 (body red-brown, with conspicuous black-brown stripe running from collum to anal segment in D. kalonota). It also differs from D. kalonota in the number of conical protuberances on the second sternite (4 versus 2) and in the posterior gonopod, with podomere 2 being the largest, as long as (but wider then) podomeres 3 and 4 combined (in D. kalonota with podomere 3 being larger than 2, cylindrical, as long as 4 and 5 combined)., Published as part of Wesener, Thomas, Moritz, Leif & Akkari, Nesrine, 2023, Integrative redescription of the sucking millipede genus Dawydoffia Attems, 1953 with a description of a new species and a transfer to the family Hirudisomatidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida), pp. 411-429 in Zootaxa 5263 (3) on pages 422-423, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7804359

Family Hirudisomatidae Silvestri, 1896 Remarks: Here, we place Dawydoffia in the family Hirudisomatidae Silvestri, 1896 based on the characters mentioned above., Published as part of Wesener, Thomas, Moritz, Leif & Akkari, Nesrine, 2023, Integrative redescription of the sucking millipede genus Dawydoffia Attems, 1953 with a description of a new species and a transfer to the family Hirudisomatidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida), pp. 411-429 in Zootaxa 5263 (3) on page 418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7804359, {"references":["Silvestri, F. (1896) I Diplopodi. Parte I. Sistematica. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 2 (16), 121 - 254. [http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7697911]"]}

Wesener, Thomas, Moritz, Leif, Akkari, Nesrine (2023): Integrative redescription of the sucking millipede genus Dawydoffia Attems, 1953 with a description of a new species and a transfer to the family Hirudisomatidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida). Zootaxa 5263 (3): 411-429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.6

Dawydoffia kalonota Attems, 1953 Figures 4, 5 Dawydoffia kalonota Attems, 1953: 196, plate 15 (description) Dawydoffia kalonota Jeekel 1971: 38 (list) Dawydoffia kalonota Enghoff et al. 2004: 33 (list). Material examined: NHMW: " Dawydoffia kalonota Attems, 1953 / a) Fan-Si-Pan/ b) Chapa/leg. Dawydoff / rev. Hoffman 1988/ Syntypen, 2 serien", Vietnam: Tube 1: " Dawydoffia kalonota / Chapa, Dawydoff 49" paralectotype ♁ missing head, anterior leg pairs and gonopods, paralectotype ♀, and a mid-body section (NHMW MY10335); dissected gonopods lose in the tube (NHMW MY10334). Tube 2: " Dawydoffia kalonota / Fan-Si-Pan, Dawydoff 49": 2 paralectotype ♀♀ (NHMW MY10338); lectotype ♁ broken, with gonopods attached to the body (NHMW MY10339, here designated). Micro-preparations: (1) micro preparation NHMW MY10336 " Dawydoffia / kalonota /Chapa/Dawydoff 49": paralectotype ♁, dissected head with antenna, 10 posterior-most rings in ventral view, 2-3 mid-body tergites; (2) micropreparation NHMW MY2259 " Dawydoffia / kalonota /Chapa/Dawydoff 49": paralectotype ♁, gonopods; (3) micropreparation NHMW MY10337 " Dawydoffia kalonota: paralectotypes ♁ 1.-4Bp/ ♀ gnath/Chapa": leg-pairs, gnathochilarium., Published as part of Wesener, Thomas, Moritz, Leif & Akkari, Nesrine, 2023, Integrative redescription of the sucking millipede genus Dawydoffia Attems, 1953 with a description of a new species and a transfer to the family Hirudisomatidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida), pp. 411-429 in Zootaxa 5263 (3) on page 419, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7804359, {"references":["Attems, C. (1953) Myriopoden von Indochina. Expedition von Dr. C. Dawydoff (1938 - 1939). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, New Series, Serie A, 5 (3), 133 - 230.","Jeekel, C. A. W. (1971) Nomenclator generum et familiarum Diplopodorum: A list of the genus and family-group names in the Class Diplopoda from the 10 th edition of Linnaeus 1758, to the end of 1957. Monografieen van de Nederlandse Entomologische Verenigung, 5, 1 - 412.","Enghoff, H., Golovatch, S. I. & Duc, A. N. (2004) A review of the millipede fauna of Vietnam (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta, 13 (1 - 2), 29 - 43."]}

Genus Dawydoffia Attems, 1953 Attems, 1953: 196, plate 15 (description, in Hirudisomatidae) Jeekel 1971: 38 (list) Hoffman 1977: 430 (list, in tribe Siphonotini) Hoffman 1980: 73 (list, in Siphonotidae, tribe Siphonotini) Enghoff et al. 2004: 33 (list, in Siphonotidae) Enghoff et al. 2015: 389 (list, in Siphonotidae) Type species: Dawydoffia kalonota Attems, 1953, by original designation. Other species included: Dawydoffia siphonocryptida new species (Laos) Diagnosis: Small (6–12 mm), wide (2.5–3.5 times longer than wide, see Figs 4B, 6), oval, collum covering most of head, tergites with strongly upturned posterior margins, telson only visible in ventral view, ozopores located at tergal lateral margin, similar to other genera of the Hirudisomatidae and quite different from any Siphonotidae, the only other Polyzoniida species known from south-east Asia. Head with 3+3 ommatidia like most genera of the family. Head with a longitudinal groove on epicranium between ommatidia. 32–42 tergites; antennomeres 2–6 cylindrical, of equal length, antennomere 7 recessed, almost invisible; coxal pores starting at coxa 3; pseudopenis cylindrical, located posteriorly on coxa 2. Anterior and posterior gonopods with 6 podomeres, last podomere of posterior gonopod fimbriate. Tergites and pleurites fused without any visible suture. Differs from all known genera of the family by the presence of 2 or 4 conical protuberances on male sternites 1 and 2 (Fig. 9A), as well as the presence of strongly widened tarsal claws at male legs 1 and 2 (Fig. 8C)., Published as part of Wesener, Thomas, Moritz, Leif & Akkari, Nesrine, 2023, Integrative redescription of the sucking millipede genus Dawydoffia Attems, 1953 with a description of a new species and a transfer to the family Hirudisomatidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida), pp. 411-429 in Zootaxa 5263 (3) on pages 418-419, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7804359, {"references":["Attems, C. (1953) Myriopoden von Indochina. Expedition von Dr. C. Dawydoff (1938 - 1939). Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, New Series, Serie A, 5 (3), 133 - 230.","Jeekel, C. A. W. (1971) Nomenclator generum et familiarum Diplopodorum: A list of the genus and family-group names in the Class Diplopoda from the 10 th edition of Linnaeus 1758, to the end of 1957. Monografieen van de Nederlandse Entomologische Verenigung, 5, 1 - 412.","Hoffman, R. L. (1977) On the status of Siphonotus brasiliensis Brandt, and of the diplopod family Siphonotidae (Polyzoniida). Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 24 (4 - 5), 425 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 4800240418","Hoffman, R. L. (1980) Classification of the Diplopoda. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris, 237 pp.","Enghoff, H., Golovatch, S. I. & Duc, A. N. (2004) A review of the millipede fauna of Vietnam (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta, 13 (1 - 2), 29 - 43.","Enghoff, H., Golovatch, S., Short, M., Stoev, P. & Wesener, T. (2015) Diplopoda. In: Minelli, A. (Ed.), Treatise on zoology - anatomy, taxonomy, biology. The Myriapoda, 2 (16), pp. 363 - 453. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004188273 _ 017"]}

Petra sierwaldae Shear, Marek, Bond & Wesener, new species Figs 1–14 Types: Male holotype, two male paratypes and three female paratypes from Beauty Creek, Panhandle National Forest, 47.6018°N, - 116.6405°W, collected 4 November 2004 by W. Leonard, C. Richart and J. Baugh; male paratype from Beauty Creek Road (FSR438), 1.3 mi SE of SR97, 698' asl, 47.6015°N, - 116.6579°W collected 18 October 2009 by W. Leonard and C. Richart; Beauty Creek, 2.5 mi E of Lake Coeur d'Alene, 3202' asl, 47.6124°N, - 116.6355°W, 14 April 2004, W. Leonard, J. Baugh; male paratype from Bumblebee Creek, Panhandle National Forest, 2240' asl, 47.6325°N, - 116.2965°W, 6 November 2004, W. Leonard, C. Richart, J. Baugh. All localities are in Kootenai County, Idaho, USA. Parts of a male paratype are on SEM stub WS36-16. All specimens, including SEM stubs, deposited in Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago IL, USA (FMNH). Etymology. As for the genus, the specific epithet is a patronym in honor of Petra Sierwald. Diagnosis. As for the genus, see above. Description. Based on male holotype from Beauty Creek. Length, 3.8 mm, greatest width 0.56 mm. Twentyeight rings (collum + 26 leg-bearing rings + telson). Head (Figs 1, 2, 5) densely setose, with single ommatidium (om, Fig. 2) on each side. Lateral corners of labrum (lab, Fig. 5) rounded. Mandibular stipes (m, Fig. 5) with distal, short, acute process. Collum (col, Fig. 1) with distinct anterior rim, notched at position of lateralmost segmental seta (cn, Fig. 2), crests short, limited to posterior fourth of collum, sixth crest marginal. Subsequent rings (Figs 1, 3) with crests extending full length of metazonite, subequal in height. Metazonital setae long, with brush-like tips. Telson (tel, Fig. 4) short, lacking crests, lateral lobes suppressed but middle lobe obvious. Spinnerets directed posterioventrad. Paraprocts (pp, Fig. 4) with three setae, ornamented with elongate tubercles. Hypoproct (hp, Fig. 4) with two setae, similar tubercles. First leg pair (L1, Fig. 5) encrassate, without needle-like setae, few flattened, twisted setae on distal podomeres. Second leg pair (L2, Fig. 1) reduced, femora clavate. Leg pairs 3–7 strongly encrassate, third leg pair (L3, Fig. 6) lacking coxal flasks; fourth leg pair (L4, Fig. 6) the largest, coxae slightly excavated anteriorly; coxae of fifth leg pair (L5, Fig. 6) enlarged, with blunt anterior lobes set with acute tubercles (Fig. 7); sixth and seventh leg pair coxae unmodified. Proximal segments of all legs ornamented with typical flattened setae (Fig. 8). Gonopods (Figs 9, 10, 12, 13) with broad sternum (s, Fig. 9) bearing lobes extending laterally. Coxae (cx, Figs 9, 13) with 3–5 setae, long coxal process (cxp, Figs 10, 12, 13) parallels anterior angiocoxites (aac, 9, 10, 12, 13). Posterior angiocoxae (pac?, Fig. 12) sheaths single, large flagellocoxite (fc, Figs 12, 13). Colpocoxite (cc, Figs 10, 12, 13) as elongate, fimbriate, weakly sclerotized branch. Tips of gonopod elements insert into cavities in ninth leg pair telopodites (see Fig. 9). Ninth leg pair (Figs 11, 14) with weak, narrow sternum, coxae and telopodites appearing fused; coxal part with mesal group of acute setae, telopodite portion laterally heavily tuberculate, with setae somewhat ensiform, mesally a large, smooth lobe envelopes tips of gonopods. Tenth coxae unmodified, with gland openings. Female paratype similar to male but lacking secondary sexual modifications, 4.2 mm long., Published as part of Shear, William A., Marek, Paul E., Bond, Jason E. & Wesener, Thomas, 2022, The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893. VII. Petra sierwaldae, n. gen., n. sp. a minute millipede from Idaho, USA (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae), pp. 287-293 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on pages 289-290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7360003

Petra Shear, Marek, Bond & Wesener, new genus Type species: Petra sierwaldae Shear, Marek, Bond & Wesener, new species Diagnosis. A genus of Striariinae composed of a single species, distinct from other small striariids in having a single ommatidium on each side of the head (om, Fig. 2), a notch in the collum at the position of the outermost metazonital seta (cn, Fig. 2), absence of coxal flasks on the third legs (L3, Fig. 6), characteristically modified coxae of the fifth legs (Fig. 7) and the telopodites of the ninth legs enveloping the gonopods at rest (Fig. 9). None of these characters are found in previously described genera of striariids. Etymology. The genus name is feminine in gender and honors our respected colleague, mentor, and friend, Dr. Petra Sierwald, Curator of Arachnida and Myriapoda at the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA, in recognition of her many contributions to Myriapodology, Arachnology, and to natural history collections and education. Description. As for the single species described below. Distribution. Currently known from only four localities in Kootenai County, Idaho, USA. Notes. This genus is part of a complex of genera yet to be described that includes very small species (et al. 2011; Richart & Hedin 2013; Shelley 1990)., Published as part of Shear, William A., Marek, Paul E., Bond, Jason E. & Wesener, Thomas, 2022, The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893. VII. Petra sierwaldae, n. gen., n. sp. a minute millipede from Idaho, USA (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae), pp. 287-293 in Zootaxa 5213 (3) on pages 288-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7360003, {"references":["Richart, C. H. & Hedin, M. (2013) Three new species in the harvestmen genus Acuclavella (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Ischyropsalidoidea), including description of male Acuclavella quattuor Shear 1986. ZooKeys, 311, 19 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 311.2920","Shelley, R. M. (1990) A new milliped of the genus Metaxycheir from the Pacific coast of Canada (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae), with remarks on the tribe Chonaphini and the western Canadian and Alaskan diplopod fauna. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68 (11), 2310 - 2322. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 90 - 323"]}

Other Siphonotidae spp. from India. Material examined. 1 F (ZFMK-MYR 9495) Pambadum Shola National Park, Munnar, Idukki District, Province Kerala, India, 10º07’35.4”N, 77º15’26.9”E, 1914 m, high altitude montane forest, hand collection, leg. A. A. Pooja, K. S. Nafin, P. P. Sudhin, 26 Mar 2019; 1 F (ZFMK-MYR 9517), India, Province Kerala, Idukki District, Munnar, Annamudi Shola National Park, Mannavan Shola, 10º10’54.5” N, 77º11’25.8”E, 2140 m, high altitude montane forest, hand collection, leg. A. A. Pooja, K. S. Nafin, K. Ullas, 19 Nov 2019. Remarks. The studied material can be placed in the family Siphonotidae on the basis of the following characters: Modification on the coxae of leg pair 2; narrow, completely fused preanal ring; tarsal claw with paronychium (compare Hoffman 1977; Enghoff et al. 2015; Shear 2016). Because the material consists of female specimens, which lack sufficient gonopod characters, and no genetic data are available, we refrain from describing these specimens as a new species., Published as part of Anilkumar, Pooja Avinipully, Wesener, Thomas & Moritz, Leif, 2022, First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae), pp. 401-428 in Zootaxa 5182 (5) on page 421, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7059565, {"references":["Hoffman, R. L. (1977) On the status of Siphonotus brasiliensis Brandt, and of the diplopod family Siphonotidae (Polyzoniida). Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 24 (4 - 5), 425 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 4800240418","Enghoff, H., Golovatch, S., Short, M., Stoev, P. & Wesener, T. (2015) Diplopoda - Taxonomic overview. In: Minelli A (Ed.), The Myriapoda. Volume 2. Brill, Leiden, pp. 363 - 455. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004188273 _ 017","Shear, W. A. (2016) Redescription of the South African millipede Cylichnogaster lawrencei Verhoeff, 1937 and notes on the family Siphonotidae (Diplopoda, Polyzoniida). Zootaxa, 4079, 119 - 128. http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4079.1.8"]}

Theratta mannavan n. sp. Anilkumar, Wesener & Moritz Figs 2–6 Diagnosis. Head pointed (Fig. 3A) rather than broad and slightly stout as in Theratta eravikulam n. sp. (Fig. 8A) and Theratta shola n. sp. (Fig. 10A). T. mannavan n. sp. shares with T. shola n. sp. the wave-like curve centrally on the posterior margin of the prozonites (Fig. 4A), while such a curve is absent in T. eravikulam n. sp. (Fig. 8E). Differs from T. eravikulam n. sp. and T. shola n. sp. by the absence of the line fold at the anterior region, separating the ganthochilarium from the rest of the head (Fig. 3F). T. mannavan n. sp. differs from T. eravikulam n. sp. by the mesal process and lamellar process of the anterior gonopod each being triangular distally (Fig. 5E), whereas these processes are rounder and broader in T. eravikulam n. sp. (Figs 9D, F). Posterior gonopod consisting of four podomeres (Fig. 6I), while it consists of six podomeres in T. eravikulam n. sp. (Fig. 9C) and T. shola n. sp. (Fig. 11F). T. mannavan n. sp. shows a genetic p-distance in the COI gene of 20.9 % to T. eravikulam n. sp. and 21. 7 % to T. shola n. sp.. Etymology. The species epithet mannavan, noun in apposition, refers to the type locality of the species, the Mannavan Shola of Annamudi Shola National Park. Materials examined. 1 M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9482 B1), 1 F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482 C), 3 M paratypes (ZFMK-MYR 9482 B2, 9483A, 11393), 7 F paratypes (ZFMK-MYR 9483), 14 F paratypes (ZFMK-MYR 9482), 13 M paratypes (ZFMK-MYR 9482; 9482A, 9482A1, 9482A2, 9482A3, 9482B), India, Province Kerala, Idukki District, Munnar, Annamudi Shola National Park, Mannavan Shola, 10º10’54.5”N, 77º11’25.8”E, 2140 m, high altitude montane forest, hand collection, leg. A. A. Pooja, K. S. Nafin, P. P. Sudhin, 25 Mar 2019., Published as part of Anilkumar, Pooja Avinipully, Wesener, Thomas & Moritz, Leif, 2022, First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae), pp. 401-428 in Zootaxa 5182 (5) on pages 407-412, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7059565

Genus Theratta n. gen. Anilkumar, Wesener & Moritz Type species: Theratta mannavan n. sp. Anilkumar, Wesener & Moritz Other species included: Theratta eravikulam n. sp. and Theratta shola n. sp. Diagnosis. Habitus, size and coloration of Theratta species resemble those of the widespread introduced tramp species Rhinotus purpureus. Distinguished from the three other genera of the tribe Rhinotini by the bifurcation of the podomere II of anterior gonopod into a mesal process on the posterior side, with a furrow between the mesal process and the main part of the podomere II (Figs 5D–F); modification of the anterior side of anterior gonopod into a lamellar process (Fig. 6C); absence of conical elevations on the sternite of the posterior gonopod (Figs 6I, J), as found in the genera Rhinotus (see Wesener 2014) and Siphonoconus (see Attems 1931). Eyes consisting of a single pair of ommatidia (Fig. 3A); head with a pair of macrosetae anterior to the ommatidia (Figs 2B, 3A); tarsal claw with a thin paronychium extending beyond the claw, curved and bulged distally (Fig. 4F); tergites with groove-like striae; anterior margin of metazonites with a distinct row of striae (Fig. 4A); lateral margin of the pleurite covered with setae (Fig. 3H). Etymology. Genus epithet, Theratta, noun, feminine. Millipedes are called ‘ Theratta ’ in Malayalam, the language spoken in the Indian province (Kerala) of the type species., Published as part of Anilkumar, Pooja Avinipully, Wesener, Thomas & Moritz, Leif, 2022, First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae), pp. 401-428 in Zootaxa 5182 (5) on page 406, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7059565, {"references":["Attems, C. G. (1931) Myriopoden von Java, Sumatra und Bali. In: Thienemann A. (Eds.), Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 8, 115 - 192."]}

Theratta eravikulam n. sp. Anilkumar, Wesener & Moritz Figs 7–9 Diagnosis. Dark purple in color (Figs 7A, B), while T. mannavan n. sp. (Fig. 2A) and T. shola n. sp. are light purple. More than 50 segments (Fig. 7A). T. eravikulam n. sp. differs from T. mannavan n. sp. by a stouter head (Fig. 8A). Ozopore on 5th body-ring with posterior spine-like projection and not elevated (Fig. 8F), while the spine-like projection is absent, elevated and thicker around in the other two species of Theratta (Figs 3G, 10F). Wave-like curve in the center of the posterior margin of the prozonites is absent in T. eravikulam n. sp. (Fig. 8E), while it is present in the other two species of Theratta (Figs 4A, 10E). Tergites are fully covered with deeper striae in T. eravikulam n. sp. (Fig. 8E), while the striae are less pronounced in T. mannavan n. sp. (Fig. 4A) and T. shola n. sp. (Fig. 10E), a unique character for the genus. Differs from T. mannavan n. sp. (Fig. 3B) and T. shola n. sp. (Fig. 10B) by the absence of striae at the anterior margin of antennomeres (Fig. 8A). Distal part of mesal process and lamellar process of podomere II of anterior gonopod rather roundish and broader than in T. mannavan n. sp.. Distal process of mesal process smaller and less lobular than in T. mannavan n. sp.. Podomere II of anterior gonopod with a remnant of a division posteriolaterally (Figs 9D–F). Posterior gonopod with six podomeres (Fig. 9C). T. eravikulam n. sp. shows a genetic p-distance in the COI gene of 25.3% to T. shola n. sp.. Note. The anterior body-rings, including the head and posterior gonopod of the holotype were damaged. Therefore, some features are described using an immature male paratype. It is a common phenomenon that the number of antennomeres increase in Colobognathan and other millipedes (see David & Couret 1983; Wong et al. 2020). Etymology. Species epithet, eravikulam, noun in apposition, after the name of the type locality, the Eravikulam National Park. Materials examined. 1 M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9752 A), 1 F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752 C), 1 immature M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752 B), 1 immature F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752), India, Province Kerala, Idukki District, Munnar, Eravikulam National Park, Kadalar Shola, 10º08’24.3”N, 77º02’39.3”E, 1703 m, high altitude montane forest, Winkler extraction, leg. A. A. Pooja, J. Jithin, 12 Dec 2019., Published as part of Anilkumar, Pooja Avinipully, Wesener, Thomas & Moritz, Leif, 2022, First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae), pp. 401-428 in Zootaxa 5182 (5) on page 413, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5182.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7059565, {"references":["David, J. F & Couret, T. (1983) Le deiveloppement post-embryonnaire en conditions naturelles de Polyzonium germanicum (Brandt) (Diplpoda, Polyzoniida) Les cinq premiers stades. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 4 (5), 585 - 590.","Wong, V. L., Hennen, D. A., Macias, A. M., Brewer, M. S., Kasson, M. T. & Marek, P. (2020) Natural history of the social millipede Brachycybe lecontii Wood, 1864. B iodiversity Data Journal, 8: e 50770. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 8. e 50770"]}

Theratta shola n. sp. Anilkumar, Wesener & Moritz Figs 10, 11 Diagnosis. In T. shola n. sp. the head is smaller, broader and stouter (Fig. 10A) than in T. mannavan n. sp., where it is long and pointed. Ozopore of the 5th body-ring is thicker, elevated and located slightly under the preceding metazonite (Fig. 10F), while the ozopores are not elevated in T. eravikulam n. sp., and not under the preceding metazonite in any other species of Theratta. All antennomeres with a row of striae on their anterior margin (Figs 10A, B), while they are present only on antennomeres 6 and 7 in T. mannavan n. sp. and completely absent in T. eravikulam n. sp.. T. shola n. sp. differs from T. mannavan n. sp. and T. eravikulam n. sp. by the presence of a thick line fold at the anterior region of the head, separating the labrum from the rest of the head (Fig. 10C). Prozonites devoid of striations in T. shola n. sp. (Fig. 10E) while they are present in T. mannavan n. sp. and T. eravikulam n. sp.. T. shola n. sp. legs slender (Fig. 10G) than in T. mannavan n. sp. and T. eravikulam n. sp. (Fig. 8H). Sternite of anterior gonopod folded centrally on anterior side. Posterior gonopods with six podomeres. Podomere VI with three spine-like processes (Fig. 11E). Etymology. Species epithet, shola, noun in apposition, after the name of the vegetation type at the type locality, the Shola forest. Material examined. 1 immature M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9767 A), 1 F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9767), India, Province Kerala, Idukki District, Munnar, Eravikulam National Park, Erechipetta shola, Waterfalls, 10º10’28.0”N, 77º05’20.1”E, 1929 m, high altitude montane forest, hand collection, leg. A. A. Pooja, J. Jithin, 13 Dec 2019. Note. The holotype is an immature male.

With three genera and 35 previously known species from India, SE Asia, Central and South America, Glomeridesmida are one of the least diverse Diplopoda groups. Here we describe Glomeridesmus siamensis sp. nov., the first species of the order Glomeridesmida from Thailand. The geographically nearest confamiliar species have been described from southern India, Sumatra and Java. The species is described combining photographs, light- and scanning electron microscopy of mature and younger males, females and juveniles. Several characters are illustrated for the first time for an Asian representative of the family Glomeridesmidae. In addition to the type locality of G. siamensis sp. nov. from Krabi province, locality data of unidentified Glomeridesmus from Thailand are also given. These data are providing further evidence that the Glomeridesmida are not uncommon, but overlooked as they are small and difficult to collect. The unusual telopods and other morphological characters of G. siamensis sp. nov. differ considerably from the few Glomeridesmus males described from Central and South America as well as from India, but the unclear status of two generic names available for species from Indonesia prevents us from adding another generic name to this small and understudied order.

Zephronia golovatchi Srisonchai, Sutcharit & Likhitrakarn, 2021 New locality data: 1 ♂, ZFMK MYR6262, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Pak Ching District, near Highway 3052, 14°30'59.2''N, 101°23'52.9''E, 10.VI.2017; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, ZFMK MYR6779, same data as previous; 1 ♂, ZFMK MYR7236, same data as previous; 2 ♀♀, NHMD K53, Nakhon Nayok Province, Khao Yai National Park, 700 m, leg. 29.IX–6.X.1984, leg. Karsholt, Lomholdt & Nielsen. Remarks. Both localities lie close to the type locality (Fig. 2A). However, specimens from both localities differ significantly genetically and might represent two different species. Updated key to confirmed species of Zephronia in Thailand 1: Tarsi of leg pair 4–21 with single apical spine, third leg pair without apical spine. Male antennae, antennomere 6 swollen, not axe-shaped........................................ Z. viridisoma Rosenmejer & Wesener in Rosenmejer et al. 2021 - Tarsi of leg pair 4–21 with 3 apical spines, third leg pair with apical spine. Male antennae, antennomere 6 axe-shaped...... 2 2: Conspicuous colour pattern with a vivid green, glabrous or dull, not golden setae. Palpi of gnathochilarium, sensilla in clusters............................................................................................. 3 - Brown, grey, or brown-greenish color pattern with dense coat of 'golden' setae. Palpi of gnathochilarium, sensilla in single field................................................................................................ 4 3: Small bodied, around 20 mm. Unique color pattern, green-whitish with red on the anal shield. Tergites setose, dull. Anterior telopod, podomere 3 with up to 7 crenulated teeth. Antennae, antennomere 6 with 50–60 cones.... Z. siamensis Hirst, 1907 - Large, around 40 mm. Unique color pattern, with a vivid green-lightbrownish stripes. Tergite glabrous, shiny. Anterior telopod variable, without or only very few sclerotized teeth. Antennae, antennomere 6 with 70–90 cones........................................................................ Z. phrain Likhitrakarn & Golovatch in Likhitrakarn et al. 2021 4: Male second leg, mesal margin extended in short membranous process........................................... 5 - Male second leg, mesal margin not extended................................................................ 7 5: Endotergum, two rows of marginal bristles which project beyond tergite margin..................................... 6 - Endotergum, two rows of marginal bristles which end clearly before the tergite margin................ Z. erawani sp. nov. 6: Female vulval operculum margin straight and wide.Antennae, antennomere 6 with 90–100 cones. Male anal shield bell-shaped.......................................................................... Z. golovatchi Srisonchai et al., 2021 - Female vulval operculum narrow in posterior view. Antennae, antennomere 6 with around 75 cones. Male anal shield rectangular................................................................. Z. enghoffi Srisonchai et al. 2021 7: Brown. Inner area of endotergum without setae......... Z. lannaensis Likhitrakarn & Golovatch in Likhitrakarn et al. 2021 - Greyish. Inner area of endotergum with setae............................................................... 8 8: Small, 20–22 mm long. Legs with 7–9 ventral spines. Male antennae, antennomere 6 with ca. 50 cones. Pleurite 1 extended into long, sharp tip. Endotergum with two rows of marginal bristles........................ Z. panhai Srisonchai et al. 2021 - Medium, 40 mm long. Legs with 10–12 ventral spines. Male antennae, antennomere 6 with 78–88 apical cones. Pleurite 1 weakly extended, well-rounded. Endotergum with three rows of marginal bristles............... Z. chrysomallos sp. nov., Published as part of Bhansali, Sneha & Wesener, Thomas, 2022, New Thai giant pill-millipede species, with new genetic barcoding data (Diplopoda Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae), pp. 357-380 in Zootaxa 5105 (3) on pages 376-377, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5105.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6332731, {"references":["Srisonchai, R., Sutcharit, C. & Likhitrakarn, N. (2021) The giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand, with a redescription of Z. siamensis Hirst, 1907 and descriptions of three new species (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). ZooKeys, 1067, 19 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 1067.72369","Rosenmejer, T., Enghoff, H., Moritz, L. & Wesener, T. (2021) Integrative description of new giant pill-millipedes from southern Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 762, 208 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2021.762.1457","Hirst, A. S. (1907) On four new pill-millipedes from the Malay Peninsula and Siam. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 20 (117), 215 - 219. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930709487327","Likhitrakarn, N., Golovatch, S. I., Srisonchai, R. & Sutcharit, C. (2021) Two New Species of the Giant Pill-Millipede Genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Zephroniidae). Tropical Natural History, 21, 12 - 26."]}