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1. Another brick in the wall: fifth millennium BC earthen-walled architecture on the Channel shores

Author

Laporte, Luc, Bizien-Jaglin, Catherine, Wattez, Julia, Guyodo, Jean-Noel, Barreau, Jean-Baptiste, Bernard, Yann, Aoustin, David, Guitton, Veronique, Hamon, Gwenaelle, Jallot, Luc, Lucquin, Alexandre, March, Ramiro, Marcoux, Nancy, Mens, Emmanuel, Soler, Ludovic, and Werthe, Elise

Subjects
Architecture, Dwellings, Housing, Archaeology, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

The west European Neolithic is famed for its funerary and ceremonial monuments, but the evidence for houses is sparse. Can this be explained by the materials of which they were build On the northern coast of Brittany, the site of Lillemer rises from the surrounding marshes and presents abundant evidence of Middle Neolithic occupation, contemporary with the passage graves of the region. Surprisingly, their evidence includes the remains of collapsed earthen-walled structures, providing the northernmost example of this type of architecture in a Neolithic context and a possible explanation for the invisibility of much Neolithic domestic architecture. Keywords: France, Middle Neolithic, cob construction, earthen wall, wetland archaeology, causewayed enclosure, domestic structures, soil micromorphology, Introduction In Western Europe, and more specifically Western France, remains of Neolithic domestic occupation are usually inconspicuous, in contrast with contemporary stone-built funerary monuments, which persist as upstanding markers in [...]

Published
2015
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2. Regional Patterns of Late Medieval and Early Modern European Building Activity Revealed by Felling Dates

Author

Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, Seim, Andrea, Tegel, Willy, Krusic, Paul J., Baittinger, Claudia, Belingard, Christelle, Bernabei, Mauro, Bonde, Niels, Borghaerts, Paul, Couturier, Yann, Crone, Anne, van Daalen, Sjoerd, Daly, Aoife, Doeve, Petra, Domínguez-Delmás, Marta, Edouard, Jean-Louis, Frank, Thomas, Ginzler, Christian, Grabner, Michael, Gschwind, Friederike M., Haneca, Kristof, Hansson, Anton, Herzig, Franz, Heussner, Karl-Uwe, Hofmann, Jutta, Houbrechts, David, Kaczka, Ryszard J., Kolář, Tomáš, Kontic, Raymond, Kyncl, Tomáš, Labbas, Vincent, Lagerås, Per, Le Digol, Yannick, Le Roy, Melaine, Leuschner, Hanns Hubert, Linderson, Hans, Ludlow, Francis, Marais, Axel, Mills, Coralie M., Neyses-Eiden, Mechthild, Nicolussi, Kurt, Perrault, Christophe, Pfeifer, Klaus, Rybníček, Michal, Rzepecki, Andreas, Schmidhalter, Martin, Seifert, Mathias, Shindo, Lisa, Spyt, Barbara, Susperregi, Josué, Løvstrand Svarva, Helene, Thun, Terje, Walder, Felix, Ważny, Tomasz, Werthe, Elise, Westphal, Thorsten, Wilson, Rob, Büntgen, Ulf, Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, Seim, Andrea, Tegel, Willy, Krusic, Paul J., Baittinger, Claudia, Belingard, Christelle, Bernabei, Mauro, Bonde, Niels, Borghaerts, Paul, Couturier, Yann, Crone, Anne, van Daalen, Sjoerd, Daly, Aoife, Doeve, Petra, Domínguez-Delmás, Marta, Edouard, Jean-Louis, Frank, Thomas, Ginzler, Christian, Grabner, Michael, Gschwind, Friederike M., Haneca, Kristof, Hansson, Anton, Herzig, Franz, Heussner, Karl-Uwe, Hofmann, Jutta, Houbrechts, David, Kaczka, Ryszard J., Kolář, Tomáš, Kontic, Raymond, Kyncl, Tomáš, Labbas, Vincent, Lagerås, Per, Le Digol, Yannick, Le Roy, Melaine, Leuschner, Hanns Hubert, Linderson, Hans, Ludlow, Francis, Marais, Axel, Mills, Coralie M., Neyses-Eiden, Mechthild, Nicolussi, Kurt, Perrault, Christophe, Pfeifer, Klaus, Rybníček, Michal, Rzepecki, Andreas, Schmidhalter, Martin, Seifert, Mathias, Shindo, Lisa, Spyt, Barbara, Susperregi, Josué, Løvstrand Svarva, Helene, Thun, Terje, Walder, Felix, Ważny, Tomasz, Werthe, Elise, Westphal, Thorsten, Wilson, Rob, and Büntgen, Ulf

Abstract

Although variations in building activity are a useful indicator of societal well-being and demographic development, historical datasets for larger regions and longer periods are still rare. Here, we present 54,045 annually precise dendrochronological felling dates from historical construction timber from across most of Europe between 1250 and 1699 CE to infer variations in building activity. We use geostatistical techniques to compare spatiotemporal dynamics in past European building activity against independent demographic, economic, social and climatic data. We show that the felling dates capture major geographical patterns of demographic trends, especially in regions with dense data coverage. A particularly strong negative association is found between grain prices and the number of felling dates. In addition, a significant positive association is found between the number of felling dates and mining activity. These strong associations, with well-known macro-economic indicators from pre-industrial Europe, corroborate the use of felling dates as an independent source for exploring large-scale fluctuations of societal well-being and demographic development. Three prominent examples are the building boom in the Hanseatic League region of northeastern Germany during the 13th century, the onset of the Late Medieval Crisis in much of Europe c. 1300, and the cessation of building activity in large parts of central Europe during armed conflicts such as the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648 CE). Despite new insights gained from our European-wide felling date inventory, further studies are needed to investigate changes in construction activity of high versus low status buildings, and of urban versus rural buildings, and to compare those results with a variety of historical documentary sources and natural proxy archives.

Published
2022
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3. Regional Patterns of Late Medieval and Early Modern European Building Activity Revealed by Felling Dates

Author

Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier, Seim, Andrea, Tegel, Willy, Krusic, Paul J., Baittinger, Claudia, Belingard, Christelle, Bernabei, Mauro, Bonde, Niels, Borghaerts, Paul, Couturier, Yann, Crone, Anne, van Daalen, Sjoerd, Daly, Aoife, Doeve, Petra, Dominguez-Delmas, Marta, Edouard, Jean-Louis, Frank, Thomas, Ginzler, Christian, Grabner, Michael, Gschwind, Friederike M., Haneca, Kristof, Hansson, Anton, Herzig, Franz, Heussner, Karl-Uwe, Hofmann, Jutta, Houbrechts, David, Kaczka, Ryszard J., Kolar, Tomas, Kontic, Raymond, Kyncl, Tomas, Labbas, Vincent, Lageras, Per, Le Digol, Yannick, Le Roy, Melaine, Leuschner, Hanns Hubert, Linderson, Hans, Ludlow, Francis, Marais, Axel, Mills, Coralie M., Neyses-Eiden, Mechthild, Nicolussi, Kurt, Perrault, Christophe, Pfeifer, Klaus, Rybnicek, Michal, Rzepecki, Andreas, Schmidhalter, Martin, Seifert, Mathias, Shindo, Lisa, Spyt, Barbara, Susperregi, Josue, Svarva, Helene Lovstrand, Thun, Terje, Walder, Felix, Wazny, Tomasz, Werthe, Elise, Westphal, Thorsten, Wilson, Rob, Buentgen, Ulf, Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier, Seim, Andrea, Tegel, Willy, Krusic, Paul J., Baittinger, Claudia, Belingard, Christelle, Bernabei, Mauro, Bonde, Niels, Borghaerts, Paul, Couturier, Yann, Crone, Anne, van Daalen, Sjoerd, Daly, Aoife, Doeve, Petra, Dominguez-Delmas, Marta, Edouard, Jean-Louis, Frank, Thomas, Ginzler, Christian, Grabner, Michael, Gschwind, Friederike M., Haneca, Kristof, Hansson, Anton, Herzig, Franz, Heussner, Karl-Uwe, Hofmann, Jutta, Houbrechts, David, Kaczka, Ryszard J., Kolar, Tomas, Kontic, Raymond, Kyncl, Tomas, Labbas, Vincent, Lageras, Per, Le Digol, Yannick, Le Roy, Melaine, Leuschner, Hanns Hubert, Linderson, Hans, Ludlow, Francis, Marais, Axel, Mills, Coralie M., Neyses-Eiden, Mechthild, Nicolussi, Kurt, Perrault, Christophe, Pfeifer, Klaus, Rybnicek, Michal, Rzepecki, Andreas, Schmidhalter, Martin, Seifert, Mathias, Shindo, Lisa, Spyt, Barbara, Susperregi, Josue, Svarva, Helene Lovstrand, Thun, Terje, Walder, Felix, Wazny, Tomasz, Werthe, Elise, Westphal, Thorsten, Wilson, Rob, and Buentgen, Ulf

Abstract

Although variations in building activity are a useful indicator of societal well-being and demographic development, historical datasets for larger regions and longer periods are still rare. Here, we present 54,045 annually precise dendrochronological felling dates from historical construction timber from across most of Europe between 1250 and 1699 CE to infer variations in building activity. We use geostatistical techniques to compare spatiotemporal dynamics in past European building activity against independent demographic, economic, social and climatic data. We show that the felling dates capture major geographical patterns of demographic trends, especially in regions with dense data coverage. A particularly strong negative association is found between grain prices and the number of felling dates. In addition, a significant positive association is found between the number of felling dates and mining activity. These strong associations, with well-known macro-economic indicators from pre-industrial Europe, corroborate the use of felling dates as an independent source for exploring large-scale fluctuations of societal well-being and demographic development. Three prominent examples are the building boom in the Hanseatic League region of northeastern Germany during the 13th century, the onset of the Late Medieval Crisis in much of Europe c. 1300, and the cessation of building activity in large parts of central Europe during armed conflicts such as the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648 CE). Despite new insights gained from our European-wide felling date inventory, further studies are needed to investigate changes in construction activity of high versus low status buildings, and of urban versus rural buildings, and to compare those results with a variety of historical documentary sources and natural proxy archives.

Published
2022

4. Regional Patterns of Late Medieval and Early Modern European Building Activity Revealed by Felling Dates

Author

Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier, primary, Seim, Andrea, additional, Tegel, Willy, additional, Krusic, Paul J., additional, Baittinger, Claudia, additional, Belingard, Christelle, additional, Bernabei, Mauro, additional, Bonde, Niels, additional, Borghaerts, Paul, additional, Couturier, Yann, additional, Crone, Anne, additional, van Daalen, Sjoerd, additional, Daly, Aoife, additional, Doeve, Petra, additional, Domínguez-Delmás, Marta, additional, Edouard, Jean-Louis, additional, Frank, Thomas, additional, Ginzler, Christian, additional, Grabner, Michael, additional, Gschwind, Friederike M., additional, Haneca, Kristof, additional, Hansson, Anton, additional, Herzig, Franz, additional, Heussner, Karl-Uwe, additional, Hofmann, Jutta, additional, Houbrechts, David, additional, Kaczka, Ryszard J., additional, Kolář, Tomáš, additional, Kontic, Raymond, additional, Kyncl, Tomáš, additional, Labbas, Vincent, additional, Lagerås, Per, additional, Le Digol, Yannick, additional, Le Roy, Melaine, additional, Leuschner, Hanns Hubert, additional, Linderson, Hans, additional, Ludlow, Francis, additional, Marais, Axel, additional, Mills, Coralie M., additional, Neyses-Eiden, Mechthild, additional, Nicolussi, Kurt, additional, Perrault, Christophe, additional, Pfeifer, Klaus, additional, Rybníček, Michal, additional, Rzepecki, Andreas, additional, Schmidhalter, Martin, additional, Seifert, Mathias, additional, Shindo, Lisa, additional, Spyt, Barbara, additional, Susperregi, Josué, additional, Svarva, Helene Løvstrand, additional, Thun, Terje, additional, Walder, Felix, additional, Ważny, Tomasz, additional, Werthe, Elise, additional, Westphal, Thorsten, additional, Wilson, Rob, additional, and Büntgen, Ulf, additional

Published
2022
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5. New data on landscape of middle Oise valley during Subboreal: study of the organic sequence of Thourotte (Oise, France)

Author

Leroyer, Chantal, Barracand, Gaël, Coussot, Céline, Werthe, Elise, Hulin, Guillaume, Jude, Fany, Leduc, Charlotte, Allenet de Ribemont, Gisèle, Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)

Subjects
human impact, Oise, palaeoenvironment, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, paléochenal, anthropisation, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, paléoenvironnement, vegetation, Late Neolithic, Palaeochannel, Subboréal, Néolithique récent-final, végétation, Subboreal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; The INRAP rescue excavation campaign at Thourotte «La Motte» (60), associated to the lansdcape development of the «Seine-Nord Europe» channel, revealed new archaeological and palaeoenvironmental information on the poorly-explored area of the Middle Oise valley, upstream of Compiègne. Geophysical and morpho-sedimentary survey of a palaeochannel that scraped a mound led to the implementation of a multidisciplinary approach (archaeology, sedimentology, pollen and wood analyses, dendrochronology, zooarchaeology, radiocarbon dating). While sediment analyses unveiled the evolution of the alluvial plain since the last glaciation, the other studies mainly dealt with the channel organic matter filling. This filling dates back to the Early Subboreal, between c. 3600 and 2700 cal BC. The local environment seems to be mainly composed of alder forest around which oaks tend to grow. Organic sedimentation starts during a period of forest surface recovery leading to a densification of tree cover. Around 3000 cal BC, the riverside vegetation is cleared and crops are cultivated. The presence of ruderal species indicates the practice of arable and pastoral farming. These agro-pastoral activities might originate from Late Neolithic populations, which left some scarce remains on the mound and in the channel.; Liée à l’aménagement du canal « Seine-Nord Europe », la fouille préventive, menée par l’Inrap à Thourotte « La Motte » (60), a permis de renseigner d’un point de vue archéologique mais aussi paléoenvironnemental le secteur encore peu documenté de la moyenne vallée de l’Oise en amont de Compiègne. La reconnaissance géophysique et morphosédimentaire d’un paléochenal de l’Oise entaillant une montille a entrainé la mise en place d’une étude pluridisciplinaire : sédimentologie, archéologie, palynologie, xylologie, archéozoologie, dendrochronologie, radiocarbone. Si les études sédimentologiques ont permis d’avoir une vision de l’évolution de la plaine alluviale depuis la fin du dernier glaciaire, les autres approches ont surtout concerné le comblement organique du chenal. Celui-ci se déroule durant la première partie du Subboréal, entre environ 3600 et 2700 cal BC. L’environnement local apparait dominé par une aulnaie à la périphérie de laquelle se développe une chênaie. La sédimentation organique débute dans un contexte de reconquête forestière qui conduit à une densification de la couverture arborée. Vers 3000 cal BC, la ripisylve est défrichée et quelques parcelles sont cultivées. La nette rudéralisation des lieux indique leur fréquentation régulière, voire leur mise en pâture. Ces activités agro-pastorales sont probablement le fait de groupes humains de la fin du Néolithique récent / début du Néolithique final qui ont laissé quelques vestiges sur la montille et dans le chenal.

Published
2017
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6. Approches globales et synthèse sur les pêcheries de la fin du Néolithique et du début de l’âge de Bronze

Author

Bernard, Vincent, Billard, Cyrille, Clavel, Benoit, Ganne, Axelle, Guillon, Mark, Herrscher, Estelle, Jaouen, Gwénaëlle, Oberlin, Christine, Werthe, Elise, Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Service Régional de l’Archéologie, Direction Régionale des Affaires Culturelles Normandie, Ministère de la Culture (SRA, DRAC Normandie), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Archéologie et Archéométrie (ArAr), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cyrille Billard, Vincent Bernard (dir.), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), GORLINI, Catherine, Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

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