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Although the reclamation activity could effectively promote the ecological service function of mining areas, the microbiological mechanism of functional reconstruction of reclaimed soil is still unclear. Clarifying how reclamation affects the characteristics, assembly mechanisms, and carbon sequestration functions of soil bacterial communities, is crucial for reshaping the ecological self-sustaining capacity of mining areas. To shed light on this purpose, combined with zero model analysis, MiSeq high-throughput sequencing and qPCR SmartChip technologies were used to explore the assembly processes and carbon sequestration functional variations of soil bacterial community in Dongtan mine area at four reclamation years (reclaimed 9 a, 12 a, 15 a, and 18 a). The results showed that: ① Reclamation activity and time presented significant impacts on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities. Soil pH, ammonium nitrogen (AN), catalase (CAT), and alkaline phosphatase (PO) showed the significant increasing trends with the incremental reclamation time (P

The fertility of reclaimed soil in the Huang-Huai plain mining area is low, which is closely related to nutrient cycling. However, the microbiological mechanism of the effect of reclamation on soil nutrient cycling is still unclear. A total of 65 topsoil samples were collected from 4 reclamation areas and 1 control area in Dongtan mining area located in Zoucheng City, Shandong Province. High-throughput sequencing, PICRUSt2 and FUNGuild analysis tools were used to explore the effects of reclamation on soil microbial community structure and function, as well as unravel the environmental driving mechanism of microflora succession. The results showed that ① soil physical and chemical properties, and enzyme activities were significantly affected by reclamation (P

Quinoa and other small-seeded crops possess relatively diminutive seed diameters, rendering them highly susceptible to the influence of airflow. The seeding process is impacted by the Cluster Hole Effect, where seeds are unintentionally drawn into areas between the suction holes. This leads to multiple seeds being picked up at once, making it difficult to meet the precise seeding requirements for quinoa. To delve deeper into the mechanism of the cluster hole effects, this study focused on quinoa seeds as the primary research subject. This study analyzes the migration conditions of seed population suction and establishes an equation for seed suction considering the cluster hole effect. CFD methods were employed to analyze the impact of various vacuum chamber negative pressures, suction hole spacing, and suction hole quantities on the suction flow field. By combining simulation results with evaluation criteria such as the qualification rate of seeds per hole, the qualification rate of hole spacing, empty hole rate, and hole spacing coefficient of variation, single-factor experiments and Box–Behnken response surface experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of different factors and their interactions, ultimately determining an optimal parameter combination. The results indicate that with five suction holes, spaced at D11, a vacuum pressure of 1.2 kPa, and a rotation speed of 15 rpm, the seeding performance is optimal. The qualification rate of seeds per hole reaches 98.67%, the qualification rate of hole spacing is 96%, and the hole spacing coefficient of variation is 5.24%, meeting agricultural requirements.

This paper proposes a solution to the problem of tight population in the filling area of traditional air suction seed metering devices during quinoa sowing, which leads to inaccurate adsorption. The proposed method disperses the population into a stable seed flow and absorbs the seeds in a flow posture. The flow adsorption precision seed metering device is designed and improved, and the key structure parameters are optimized based on the shape and size parameters of quinoa seeds. A four-factor and three-level response surface orthogonal test is conducted using the Box–Behnken experimental design. The number of seeds, flow angle, negative pressure at the suction hole, and advancing speed are taken as experimental factors, and the qualified index of grain number per hole, qualified index of hole distance, and coefficient of variation of hole distance are used as evaluation indices. The results are optimized using extreme value theory, and it is found that when the seed amount is 5.82 mm, the flow angle is 31.08°, the negative pressure of the air chamber is 1.7 kPa, and the advancing speed is 3.82 km·h−1, and the qualified index of hole number is 94.37%, the qualified index of hole distance is 95.39%, and the coefficient of variation of hole distance is 4.51%. The results are in general agreement with the prediction through the bench validation test, which meets the requirements of quinoa seed metering devices.

To address problems encountered in current potato harvesting machines, such as potato damage, poor adaptability, and low operational efficiency, a new towed potato picking and bagging machine (4UJ-180A) equipped with a soil-digging axis, flexible conveying device, and hydraulic control system was developed. The digging mechanism of the harvester can reduce soil blockage and minimize damage to potato skins. The rubber biomimetic finger can maintain stable transportation of potatoes and minimize collisions. The hydraulic control system, the buffering components, and the bagging device work together to flexibly and continuously collect potatoes, reducing skin damage during the harvesting process. Based on the structure of the whole machine, the harvesting process, and the working principle, the soil picking, lifting buffer, and potato collection process were analyzed. Theoretical calculations were used to determine the structure and operational parameters of the potato picking, lifting buffering, and bagging segments. An experiment utilizing the orthogonal method was conducted. The experiment consisted of three factors and three levels, with the test indicators being the potato skin damage rate, potato injury rate, loss rate, and impurity rate. The factors considered in the experiment were the forward speed, conveyor speed, and soil-digging shaft speed. Field experiments demonstrate that at a forward speed of 1 m/s, soil digging shaft speed of 35 rpm, and conveyor speed of 28 rpm, the rate of potato skin damage is 2.8%, the potato injury rate is 1.3%, the loss rate is 0.4%, and the impurity rate is 0.7%. These experiments verify that all indicators adhere to national industry standards, providing a valuable reference for equipment research, development, optimization, and improvement.

Aiming to solve the problems of the large harvesting loss and low harvesting efficiency of wide- and narrow-row corn harvesting header in China, a method for the side installation of a header is proposed. A wide–narrow-row corn harvesting header with high working efficiency and low harvesting loss was designed. The collision energy balance equation of corn ears was established. The analysis shows that the kinetic energy change before and after the collision between the ear and the picking plate is the main cause of the shedding of and damage to corn kernels. Based on this, the main structural parameters of the corn harvesting header were designed. Based on the principle of Box–Behnken test, the response surface test was designed. The effects of the plant feeding speed, feeding angle, and rotation speed of a stem pulling roller on harvesting performance were analyzed. The best combination of working parameters was determined: The plant feeding speed was 1.08 m/s, the feeding angle was 52.46°, and the rotation speed of the stem pulling roller was 835.25 r/min. At this time, the grain damage rate was 1.09% and the grain loss rate was 0.14%. The corresponding parameters are verified by experiments. The results show that the grain damage rate was 1.12% and the grain loss rate was 0.14%. The optimization results are essentially consistent with the verification results, which meet the requirements of corn harvesting performance.

Acute central nervous system injuries (ACNSI), encompassing traumatic brain injury (TBI), non-traumatic brain injury like stroke and encephalomeningitis, as well as spinal cord injuries, are linked to significant rates of disability and mortality globally. Nevertheless, effective and feasible treatment plans are still to be formulated. There are primary and secondary injuries occurred after ACNSI. Most ACNSIs exhibit comparable secondary injuries, which offer numerous potential therapeutic targets for enhancing clinical outcomes. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered form of cell death, is characterized as a lipid peroxidation process that is dependent on iron and oxidative conditions, which is also indispensable to mitochondria. Ferroptosis play a vital role in many neuropathological pathways, and ACNSIs may induce mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby indicating the essentiality of the mitochondrial connection to ferroptosis in ACNSIs. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of clarity regarding the involvement of mitochondria in the occurrence of ferroptosis as a secondary injuries of ACNSIs. In recent studies, anti-ferroptosis agents such as the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostain-1 and iron chelation therapy have shown potential in ameliorating the deleterious effects of ferroptosis in cases of traumatic ACNSI. The importance of this evidence is extremely significant in relation to the research and control of ACNSIs. Therefore, our review aims to provide researchers focusing on enhancing the therapeutic outcomes of ACNSIs with valuable insights by summarizing the physiopathological mechanisms of ACNSIs and exploring the correlation between ferroptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ACNSIs.

Background Alterations in the gut microbiota have been observed in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), though whether the roles of the gut microbiota in PH at different altitudes are the same is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the associations of the gut microbiome with PH in highlanders and lowlanders. Methods PH patients and controls were recruited from those who permanently live on the Tibetan plateau (highlanders) or the plains (lowlanders), and underwent transthoracic echocardiography close to their altitude of residence (at 5070 m for highlanders versus6 m for lowlanders). The gut microbiome was profiled using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Results In total, 13 PH patients (46% highlanders) and 88 controls (70% highlanders) were included. The overall microbial composition was different in PH patients compared to controls (p=0.003). Notably, among lowlanders, a composite microbial score of pro-atherosclerotic trimethylamine-producing species was increased in PH patients compared with that in controls (p=0.028), while among highlanders no such difference was observed (p=0.087). Another composite gut microbial score including eight species of Lactobacillus, which has shown beneficial effects on cardiovascular functions, was higher in highlanders than lowlanders (p

Abstract Human oral microbes play a vital role maintaining host metabolic homeostasis. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is mainly characterized by a high altitude, dry, cold, and hypoxic environment. The oral microbiota is subject to selective pressure from the plateau environment, which affects oral health. Only a few studies have focused on the characteristics of oral microbiota in high-altitude humans. We collected saliva samples from 167 Tibetans at four altitudes (2800 to 4500 m) in Tibet to explore the relationship between the high altitude environment and oral microbiota. We conducted a two (high- and ultra-high-altitude) group analysis based on altitude, and adopted the 16S rRNA strategy for high-throughput sequencing. The results show that the alpha diversity of the oral microbiota decreased with altitude, whereas beta diversity increased with altitude. A LEfSe analysis revealed that the oral microbial biomarker of the high-altitude group ( 4000 m) was Prevotella. The relative abundance of Prevotella increased with altitude, whereas the relative abundance of Streptococcus decreased with altitude. A network analysis showed that the microbial network structure was more compact and complex, and the interaction between the bacterial genera was more intense in the high altitude group. Gene function prediction results showed that the amino acid and vitamin metabolic pathways were upregulated in the ultra-high-altitude group. These result show that altitude is an important factor affecting the diversity and community structure of the human oral microbiota.

Background Diet, environment, and genomic context have a significant impact on humans’ intestinal microbiota. Moreover, migration may be accompanied by changes in human eating habits and living environment, which could, in turn, affect the intestinal microbiota. Located in southwestern China, Tibet has an average altitude of 4,000 meters and is known as the world’s roof. Xianyang is situated in the plains of central China, with an average altitude of about 400 meters. Methods To understand the association between intestinal microbiota and population migration, we collected the fecal samples from 30 Tibetan women on the first day (as TI1st), six months (as TI2nd), and ten months (as TI3rd) following migration from Tibet to Xianyang. Fecal samples were collected from 29 individuals (belonging to the Han women) as a control. The dietary information of the Tibetan women and the Han women was gathered. We performed a 16S rRNA gene survey of the collected fecal samples using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Results Following the migration, the alpha and beta diversity of Tibetan women’s intestinal microbiota appeared unaffected. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that Klebsiella, Blautia, and Veillonella are potential biomarkers at TI1st, while Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were common in TI3rd. Finally, functional prediction by phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) found no significant up-regulation or down-regulation gene pathway in the intestinal microbiota of Tibetan women after migration. The present study reveals that the higher stability in Tibetan women’s intestinal microbiota was less affected by the environment and diet, indicating that Tibetan women’s intestinal microbiota is relatively stable. The main limitations of the study were the small sample size and all volunteers were women.

The human oral microbiota plays a vital role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. To explore the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and reflux esophagitis, we collected 86 saliva samples from reflux esophagitis patients (RE group) and 106 saliva samples from healthy people (C group) for a high-throughput sequencing comparison. No difference in alpha diversity was detected between the RE and the C groups, but beta diversity of the RE group was higher than the C group. Bacteroidetes was more abundant in the RE group, whereas Firmicutes was more abundant in the C group. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis demonstrated that the biomarkers of the RE group were Prevotella, Veillonella, Leptotrichia, and Actinomyces, and the biomarkers of the C group were Lautropia, Gemella, Rothia, and Streptococcus. The oral microbial network structure of the C group was more complex than that of the RE group. Second, to explore the effect of Hp on the oral microbiota of RE patients, we performed the 14C-urea breath test on 45 of the 86 RE patients. We compared the oral microbiota of 33 Hp-infected reflux esophagitis patients (REHpp group) and 12 non-Hp-infected reflux esophagitis patients (REHpn group). No difference in alpha diversity was observed between the REHpn and REHpp groups, and beta diversity of the REHpp group was significantly lower than that of the REHpn group. The biomarkers in the REHpp group were Veillonella, Haemophilus, Selenomonas, Megasphaera, Oribacterium, Butyrivibrio, and Campylobacter; and the biomarker in the REHpn group was Stomatobaculum. Megasphaera was positively correlated with Veillonella in the microbial network of the REHpp group. The main finding of this study is that RE disturbs the human oral microbiota, such as increased beta diversity. Hp infection may inhibit this disorderly trend.

In order to explore the effect of vibration on the adsorption characteristics of small particle size seeds, based on the discrete element method, the changes in the variance of the average tangential force of seeds under different amplitudes were analyzed. The variance of the average tangential force of the seeds increases exponentially with the amplitude. It is inferred that the vibration will change the intensity of the population disturbance. This reduces the seed transient tangential force i.e. transient seed internal friction. To improve the adsorption characteristics of small-sized seeds, the adsorption characteristics at different amplitudes were verified with bench tests. Increasing the amplitude can improve the adsorption characteristics of small-sized seeds. To determine the optimal operating parameters, based on the Box-Behnken test principle, response surface tests were carried out using rotational speed, negative pressure, and amplitude as test factors and seed suction compliance and leakage rate as evaluation indexes. The optimum operating parameters were determined as: rotational speed of 12.05 r/min, negative pressure of 0.89 kPa, and amplitude of 5.75 mm. At this time, the seed suction pass rate was 95.1% and the leakage rate was 2.1%. which is in line with the standard requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]