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There's a lot of uncertainty in the global financial system due to trade, political, and unforeseen issues. There are dangers and uncertainties in China's domestic financial market due to the ongoing effect of the global economic climate and the impact of the new coronavirus pandemic. Nonetheless, the conventional financial sector, which is controlled by commercial banks, continues to have a dominant position in China's financial system, with the traditional credit business model serving as its primary business model. As a result, the primary subject of this essay is commercial banks, a common kind of financial organization. The combination of the Malmquist Index Model with the new network DEA model takes into account the real circumstances faced by Chinese commercial banks. The three phases of the credit business operation process of commercial banks are capital buildup, loan issuing, and profit generation. To observe the effects of recent domestic market uncertainties and the high risk of emergencies like the epidemic on traditional financial institutions dominated by banks, this paper measures the efficiency of credit business of 26 listed banks in China from 2016 to 2022 and analyzes the operational efficiency of credit business of Chinese commercial banks from both static and dynamic perspectives. As a result, Chinese commercial banks and other established financial institutions are better equipped to reduce risks and uncertainties and support the steady growth of the country's financial sector.

According to the controlled shear rate (CSR) test, the shear stiffening gel (SSG) exhibited viscoelastic behavior, which can be fully described by the general Maxwell model. A specific analytical model was established to identify the material parameters automatically based on simulated annealing (SA) optimization. Besides, according to the CSR tests under different temperatures, the influence of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical behavior of SSG was assumed to be decoupled. And an applicable engineering relation was introduced for parameter adjustment of the Maxwell model near room temperature. The reliability of the material parameters was verified through the results comparison of the low-speed impact tests of SSG and corresponding FE simulations.Based on field analysis of the FE simulations, the mechanism of the stress dispersion ability of SSG was elaborated. A feasible design idea was introduced to fully utilize this property. In order to verify the effectiveness of the design idea, a series of egg impact tests were developed, conducted, and analyzed. And the protective idea proved helpful in fully invoking the stress dispersion potential of SSG assembly for impact protection and improving the lightweight design.

Rapidly repositioning finite element human body models (FE-HBMs) with high biofidelity is an important but notorious problem in vehicle safety and injury biomechanics. We propose to reposition the FE-HBM in a dummy-like manner, i.e., through pose parameters prescribing joint configurations. Skeletons are reconfigured along the trajectories inferred from model-specific bone geometries. We leverage differential geometry to steer equidistant moves along the congruent articulated bone surfaces. Soft tissues are subsequently adapted to reconfigured skeletons through a series of operations. The morph–contact algorithm allows the joint capsule to slide and wrap around the repositioned skeletons. Nodes on the deformed capsule are redistributed following an optimization-based approach to enhance element regularity. The soft tissues are transformed accordingly via thin plate spline. The proposed toolbox can reposition the Total Human Body Model for Safety (THUMS) in a few minutes on a whole-body level. The repositioned models are simulation-ready, with mesh quality maintained on a comparable level to the baseline. Simulations of car-to-pedestrian impact with repositioned models exhibiting active collision-avoidance maneuvers are demonstrated to illustrate the efficacy of our method. This study offers an intuitive, effective, and efficient way to reposition FE-HBMs. It benefits all posture-sensitive works, e.g., out-of-position occupant safety and adaptive pedestrian protection. Pose parameters, as an intermediate representation, join our method with recently prosperous perception and reconstruction techniques of the human body. In the future, it is promising to build a high-fidelity digital twin of real-world accidents using the proposed method and investigate human biomechanics therein, which is of profound significance in reshaping transportation safety studies in the future.

As the world is paying increasing attention to carbon reduction, this paper uses Chinese commercial banks’ green credit and applies the DEA-Malmquist index method to construct an evaluation index system based on the panel data of the top 10 Chinese banks regarding green credit from 2015 to 2021. The results of the study show that: (1) the overall total factor productivity of the banking industry in mainland China from 2015 to 2021 is greater than 1 and shows a fluctuating upward trend except for 2015, with the mean value greater than 1 indicating a steady increase in the green credit operating efficiency of the banking industry; (2) Further analysis shows that the average value of the technical efficiency change index is greater than the average value of the technological progress index, which can be understood as the important reason for the rising operational performance of green credit business in the banking industry, and technological progress also provides a supporting role for the rising operational performance; (3) the average value of the scale efficiency change index from 2015 to 2021 is less than 1, and from 2017 onwards the value starts to be less than 1 and declining, it can be concluded that scale efficiency hinders the increase of technical efficiency index. (4) The magnitude of change in total factor productivity and the influencing factors of the 10 banks are all related to technical efficiency, indicating that the improvement of technical efficiency is the dominant factor in the improvement of green credit operational efficiency; (5) the pure technical efficiency of all 10 banks keeps increasing while the scale efficiency is decreasing, indicating that pure technical efficiency is the key factor in the improvement of banks’ technical progress index, while scale efficiency inhibits the further improvement of technical progress index. The increase in the technical progress index has been inhibited by scale efficiency.

Pedestrians are likely to experience walking before accidents. The walking process imposes cyclic loading on knee ligaments and increases knee joint temperature. Both cyclic loading and temperature affect the material properties of ligaments, which further influence the risk of ligament injury. However, the effect of such walking-induced material property changes on pedestrian ligament response has not been considered. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the influence of walking on ligament response in car-to-pedestrian collisions. Using Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) model, knee ligament responses (i.e., cross-sectional force and local strain) were evaluated under several crash scenarios (i.e., two impact speeds, two knee contact heights, and three pedestrian postures). In worst case scenarios, walking-induced changes in ligament material properties led to a 10% difference in maximum local strain and a 6% difference in maximum cross-sectional force. Further considering the material uncertainty caused by experimental dispersion, the ligament material property changes due to walking resulted in a 28% difference in maximum local strain and a 26% difference in maximum cross-sectional force. This study demonstrates the importance of accounting for walking-induced material property changes for the reliability of safety assessments and injury analysis.