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Active vertical control is critical in the treatment of hyperdivergent skeletal Class II malocclusion. The mechanics have been well shown as successful in the fixed appliance system with temporary anchorage devices (TADs); however, there are few relevant case reports in clear aligner therapy (CAT). The present case report describes the treatment of a severe hyperdivergent skeletal Class II case using CAT with the extraction of four premolars. Active vertical control was performed with TADs, which was facilitated by intrusion bulbs (IBs), that is, digitally designed and preformed vacuum bulbs on clear aligners for wearing intrusive elastics. The challenging camouflage case was finished with an improved profile and occlusion; specifically, the upper central incisors were intruded for 3 mm and the first molars for 1.8 mm, with counter-clockwise rotation of the mandible for 2.2° and a decrease of the ∠ANB for 2.6°. After a 4-year follow-up (the latter 2 years without retainers), the treatment results remain stable on the whole. According to the case report, camouflage treatment of hyperdivergent skeletal Class II case can be successfully achieved with active vertical control using TADs, facilitated by preformed IBs on the clear aligners.

The development of novel wound dressings with highly effective antibacterial and accelerating wound healing properties has become the focus of current research. In this study, a novel and injectable lactoferrin (LF)/lithium magnesium silicate hydrogel (LMSH) was first synthesized through a simple electrostatic interaction method. The physical and biological properties are systematically characterized. The results show that the synthesized LF/LMSH has good antibacterial properties and biocompatibility. More importantly, it can effectively promote wound healing in the rat full-thickness skin wound model after 14 days post-operation, and the healing rate can reach 99.1 %, which is much higher than that of other groups. Meanwhile, histochemical and immunofluorescent staining confirm that the prepared injectable LF/LMSH has good pro-collagen deposition, pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. The healed wounds present a consistently thickened epidermis with more follicular and glandular structures, indicating the great potential of the prepared material for wound management.

Based on the complex pathological environment of perioperative stroke, the development of targeted therapeutic strategies is important to control the development of perioperative stroke.Recently, great progress has been made in nanotechnology, and nanodrug delivery systems have been developed for the treatment of ischemic stroke.In this review, the pathological processes and mechanisms of ischemic stroke during perioperative stroke onset were systematically sorted. As a potential treatment strategy for perioperative stroke, the review also summarizes the multifunctional nanodelivery systems based on ischemic stroke, thus providing insight into the nanotherapeutic strategies for perioperative stroke.

Background Public drinking water can be an important source exposure to lead, which can affect children’s cognitive development and academic performance. Few studies have looked at the impact of lead exposures from community water supplies or their impact on school achievements. We examined the association between annual community water lead levels (WLLs) and children’s academic performances at the school district level. Methods We matched the 90th percentile WLLs with the grade 3–8 standardized test scores from the Stanford Education Data Archive on Geographic School Districts by geographic location and year. We used multivariate linear regression and adjusted for urbanicity, race, socioeconomic characteristics, school district, grade, and year. We also explored potential effect measure modifications and lag effects. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, a 5 μg/L increase in 90th percentile WLLs in a GSD was associated with a 0.00684 [0.00021, 0.01348] standard deviation decrease in the average math test score in the same year. No association was found for English Language Arts. Conclusions We found an association between the annual fluctuation of WLLs and math test scores in Massachusetts school districts, after adjusting for confounding by urbanicity, race, socioeconomic factors, school district, grade, and year. The implications of a detectable effect of WLLs on academic performance even at the modest levels evident in MA are significant and timely. Persistent efforts should be made to further reduce lead in drinking water.

Uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrite is the key challenge that impedes the practical application of Li anodes in high-energy-density Li-metal batteries. Precisely constructing lithiophilic active sites on the anode surface is expected to be an effective strategy for promoting the anode interfacial properties and alleviating the dendrite growth of lithium. Herein, a diyne-linked phthalocyanine polymer (PcEP) with precise lithiophilic active sites is designed and constructed in a bottom-up manner

Women and children in rural regions of low-income countries are exposed to high levels of household air pollution (HAP) as they traditionally tend to household chores such as cooking with biomass fuels. Early life exposure to air pollution is associated with aeroallergen sensitization and developing allergic diseases at older ages. This prospective cohort study assigned HAP-reducing chimney stoves to 557 households in rural Guatemala at different ages of the study children. The children’s air pollution exposure was measured using personal CO diffusion tubes. Allergic outcomes at 4–5 years old were assessed using skin prick tests and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)-based questionnaires. Children assigned to improved stoves before 6 months old had the lowest HAP exposure compared to the other groups. Longer exposure to the unimproved stoves was associated with higher risks of maternal-reported allergic asthma (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.11–5.48) and rhinitis symptoms (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.13–3.58). No significant association was found for sensitization to common allergens such as dust mites and cockroaches based on skin prick tests. Reducing HAP by improving biomass burning conditions might be beneficial in preventing allergic diseases among children in rural low-income populations.

One of the most straightforward approaches to access chiral silanes is catalytic enantioselective hydrosilylation. Although significant advances have been achieved in enantioselective construction of either a carbon-stereogenic center or a silicon-stereogenic center through enantioselective hydrosilylation, simultaneous establishment of a carbon- and a silicon-stereogenic center in an acyclic molecule through a single intermolecular hydrosilylation remained undeveloped. Herein, an unprecedented cobalt-catalyzed regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective hydrosilylation of 1,3-dienes is presented, enabling construction of a carbon- and a silicon-stereogenic center in a single intermolecular transformation. A wide range of chiral silanes bearing a carbon- and a silicon-stereogenic center were generated in high efficiency and stereoselectivity. Functionalization of the enantioenriched silanes delivered a variety of valuable chiral building blocks that are otherwise difficult to access.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of local application of parathyroid hormone (PTH) or parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Background Periodontal bone remodeling is the crucial biological process in the OTM that involves both bone resorption and formation, with the former more important as the initiator. PTH or PTHrP both play dual roles in bone remodeling regulation, and the balance may shift to the bone resorption side when they are given continuously, suggesting them as potential candidate medicine for OTM acceleration. Methods A total of 40 rats underwent orthodontic mesialization of the maxillary first molars and received no micro-perforation (MOP), or MOP followed by injection of temperature-sensitive hydrogel containing PTH, PTHrP, or normal saline. The rats were sacrificed after 2-week OTM, except for the relapse groups, which had one more week of observation after removal of the force appliances. The amount of tooth movement, rate of relapse after OTM, and effects on the bone remodeling were assessed through micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, alizarin red staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, Western blot (WB), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effects of PTHrP on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were explored in vitro. Results The cumulative release of PTH or PTHrP from PECE hydrogels was beyond 75% at 14 days in a sustained manner. After the intervention in vivo, the distance of OTM in the PTH (0.78 ± 0.06 mm) or PTHrP (0.81 ± 0.04 mm) group was significantly larger than that of the MOP only (0.51 ± 0.04 mm) or the no MOP (0.46 ± 0.05 mm) group. Moreover, PTH injection significantly reduced the rate of relapse after OTM (25.7 ± 4.3%) compared to the control (69.6 ± 6.1%). μCT analysis showed decreased BV/TV, BS/BV, and Tb.N, while increased Tb.Sp of alveolar bone in the PTH or PTHrP group. There were also more TRAP-positive osteoclasts in the PTH or PTHrP group with a significantly enhanced ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG). The protein expressions of PTH/PTHrP type 1 receptor (PTHR1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and β-catenin were significantly increased in the PTH or PTHrP group, as well as the gene expressions of Pth1r, Bglap, and Alpl. There was no significant difference between the effects of PTH and PTHrP. Nevertheless, inhibition of PTHrP on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs was detected in vitro with decreased expression of OCN, RUNX2, COL-1, and ALP. Conclusion Local injection of either PTH or PTHrP carried by controlled release PECE hydrogel similarly enhances OTM in rats through regulating periodontal bone remodeling, which deserves further study for potential clinical application.

Cell state recognition and evaluation of its life cycle are the fundamental and critical procedure to identify the pathological mechanism of viruses and analyze pharmacodynamic effectiveness. Modern life science research is based on large-scale biological experiments so that it is inefficiency to estimate and decide the physicochemical results on petri dishes. With the development of target recognition in computer science, especially YOLO (You Only Look Once) approach, we are able to incorporate unified, real-time object detection into cell state recognition in this paper, which realizes automotive process of detection and classification of CPE (cytopathic effect) states. In our work, we build up photomicrograph datasets of Vero cell in CPE state and train our YOLO model with it. Finally, our model learns characteristic pixel structure of cell rounding, syncytium and inclusion bodies, acting as end-to-end detector in cell infected experiments.

Background. Percutaneous occlusion under fluoroscopy guidance has become the preferred method for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). To avoid radiation exposure and contrast agent use, PDA occlusion under transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) guidance was conducted. Objectives. We assessed the hypothesis that the success rate of percutaneous PDA occlusion under TTE was noninferior to that under fluoroscopy guidance. Methods. In this single-center trial, 100 patients were randomly assigned in a 1 : 1 ratio to the TTE group (n = 50) or to the fluoroscopy group (n = 50). The primary endpoint was the success rate of occlusion, with the noninferiority margin set at 8% for the between-group difference in intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary endpoints were hospitalization duration, cost, procedure time, and rate of adverse events including occluder migration, hemolysis, peripheral vascular complications, and residual shunt at 1-month and 12-month follow-up. Results. Patient, defect, and device characteristics were similarly distributed between groups. The success rate of occlusion was 98% for the TTE group and 100% for the fluoroscopy group (absolute difference: −2%; 95% confidence interval: −5.9% to 1.9%). Cost and procedure duration were significantly lower in the TTE group, without adverse events in either group at a median of 12.0 months (range, 10.0–15.5 months) of follow-up. Conclusion. Percutaneous PDA occlusion can be performed via TTE guidance safely and effectively, and the success rate of the TTE-guided procedure was noninferior to that under fluoroscopy guidance, with reduced cost and procedure time. The trial is registered with http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR-ICR-15006334).

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Background: Ambient air pollution is an important environmental exposure and has been linked with impaired cognitive function. Few studies have investigated its impact on children’s academic performance on a nationwide level. We hypothesize that higher ambient air pollution concentrations will be associated with lower average academic test scores. Methods: We investigated three prevalent ambient air pollutants: PM2.5, NO2 and ozone, and their associations with the average academic test scores, at the Geographic School District (GSD) level, of the third to eighth grade students in the United States from 2010 to 2016. We applied multivariate linear regression and controlled for urbanicity, socioeconomic status, student racial/ethnic compositions, and individual intercepts for each district-grade level and each year. Results: We found that an interquartile range increase in PM2.5 concentrations was associated with a 0.007 (95% confidence interval: 0.005, 0.009) SD lower average math test scores, and a 0.004 (95% confidence interval: 0.002, 0.005) SD lower average English language/arts test scores. Similar associations were observed for NO2 and ozone on math, and for NO2 on English language/arts. The magnitudes of these associations are equivalent to the effects of short-term reductions of thousands of dollars in district median household income. The reductions in test scores were larger for GSDs with higher socioeconomic status, though most associations remained negative at all socioeconomic levels. Conclusions: Our results show that ambient air pollution within a GSD is associated with lower academic performance among children. Further improving air quality may benefit children’s overall academic achievement and socioeconomic attainment across the lifespan.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Ambient air pollution is an important environmental exposure, and children are especially vulnerable to its neurotoxic effects. Prior studies have associated early childhood exp...

Human resource is regarded as the most precious strategic resources, and human resource has become the core competitiveness. This paper uses a top-down method to construct the ontology model of the human resource knowledge graph. It is a better choice to first establish the ontology of the human resource knowledge graph, model the entity classes and relationships, and then construct the knowledge graph. Based on the above considerations, this chapter uses OWL language to construct relevant ontology of human resource domain knowledge, and realize the establishment of human resource knowledge graph model.

Objective It was aimed to investigate the in vivo effects of local injection of sclerostin protein on orthodontic tooth movement. Design A total of 48 rats underwent orthodontic mesialization of the maxillary first molars on both sides. Local injection was given at the compression side in the alveolar bone on both maxillary sides, with sclerostin protein carried by hydrogel on one side, and the same volume of normal saline carried by hydrogel on the other side serving as the control. After two weeks, the tooth movement amount and effects on the periodontium were assessed through micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Results After two weeks of intervention, tooth movement was significantly greater in the 4 μg/kg and 20 μg/kg sclerostin injection groups, compared to the control. Analysis of the furcation area of the maxillary first molar showed that the 20 μg/kg group had significantly decreased BV/TV. At the compression side, the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts was significantly increased in 20 μg/kg group compared to the control. The expression of RANKL was statistically higher in all the sclerostin groups, while the expression of OPG was statistically lower in the 4 μg/kg and 20 μg/kg groups, compared to the control. At the tension side, the expression of RUNX2 and COL-1 was statistically higher in the 20 μg/kg group compared to the control. Conclusions Local injection of sclerostin protein in the alveolar bone at the compression side accelerates OTM in rats by promoting osteoclastogenesis.

BACKGROUND: Minimally-invasive-perventricular-device-occlusion (MIPDO) combined superiority of surgical-repair and percutaneous-device-closure in treating perimembranous-ventricular-septal-defect (pmVSD). This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MIPDO for treating pmVSD, comparing with surgical-repair. METHODS: Patients aged ≥3 months with isolated pmVSDs were randomized to undergo either surgical or MIPDO procedure, with the median follow-up time of 49 months. The primary outcome was the rate of complete pmVSD closure at discharge. The secondary outcomes included the adverse events during hospitalization and follow-up, chest tube output volume, blood transfusion volume, procedural duration, ventilation time, hospitalization duration and hospitalization cost. Also, perioperative cardiac performance and systemic conditions were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 313 patients (9 months to 42 years old; median, 4 years old) with pmVSDs recruited from 3 centers, 100 were finally enrolled and randomly allocated 1:1 into two groups. The non-inferiority (non-inferiority margin −8.0%) of MIPDO to surgical closure regarding efficacy was shown in both intention-to-treat (0, 95% CI: −0.055 to 0.055) and per-protocol populations (0.02, 95% CI: −0.018 to 0.058). Although the rate of adverse events was similar between groups, the MIPDO group showed superiority in procedural duration, ventilation time, chest tube output volume, postoperative hospitalization time and hospitalization cost compared with surgical group (P

The efficacy of antitumor immunotherapy is often limited by the highly tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TME). Here, a previously unknown strategy is proposed to synergize the “Ca2+ interference” mediate TME reprogramming and Ca2+-activating PD-L1 depletion for immunotherapy. We discovered that calcium containing nanoparticles could induce significant “Ca2+ interference” effect and simultaneously resetting tumor-associated macrophages toward M1 phenotype and promoting in situ antigen release. Making them as powerful immunostimulants for TME reprogramming without notable toxicity. Meanwhile, we designed a circular aptamer-DNAzyme conjugate (cAD) with tumor-targeting ability and its catalytic shear activity can be specifically activated by Ca2+, which reduces potential autoimmune disorders of PD-L1 antibody. By simple integrating the ultra-high pH sensitive calcium peroxide nanoparticles with cAD into one nanosystem, we demonstrate the nanosystem not only arrests primary tumor progression, but also prevents lung metastasis. In addition, it offers a long-term immunological memory function, which can protect against tumor rechallenge. Therefore, this work provided an alternative strategy for boosting tumor immunotherapy.

Aiming at the lack of standard knowledge representation framework in the construction of anti-ship combat knowledge graph, this paper proposes a knowledge representation model for anti-ship combat command based on ontology. The model extracts the high-dimensional concept space of operational command domain knowledge from the process of command information generation, and uses through logical modeling, then classifies concept categories and levels according to meta characteristics and abstract degree, so as to reduce the dimension of concept space. On this basis, ontology semantic model is constructed to extract and describe entities, attributes, relationships and other knowledge units in command information. It is proved that the model can extract and describe the domain knowledge of command information completely, and it is scientific and adaptive as the knowledge representation framework of anti-ship combat knowledge graph.

In order to solve the problems in the data access process of command information system, such as the low matching degree between using authority and command task, the imperfect mechanism of data exception handling, and the unsynchronized data updating of the whole network, this paper proposes a model for data access of command information system based on blockchain. The model uses blockchain to manage and supervise the use process of command information, so as to realize the response of information access application on demand, real-time discovery and processing of data exceptions, and synchronous update of data throughout the network. Through analysis and evaluation, it is proved that the model can provide reliable, safe and consistent data access for commanders in complex and harsh command environment.

To tackle problems of low coupling between knowledge organization and business process, and difficulty in balancing the efficiency and accuracy of knowledge retrieval, this paper proposes a situation knowledge service model based on ontology technology. Firstly, the situation ontology is encapsulated into business process-oriented knowledge nodes to meet operational command business requirements; then, knowledge nodes are organized into knowledge trees according to business flow by using directed acyclic graph; finally, a knowledge retrieval strategy is designed to gradually lock the target knowledge resources from two dimensions of semantic relationship and business logic. Through the performance analysis, it is found that the model in this paper can quickly and accurately retrieve the required knowledge resources in the situation knowledge sharing scenario, with high practical values.

A new pair of 2,2ʹ-diamino-1,1ʹ-binaphthyl linked porphyrin dimers, (R)-/(S)-H, were synthesized to study their supramolecular interactions with a pair of chiral diamines ((R)-/(S)-PPDA) by using UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence and NMR titrations. The spectroscopic titrations indicated that sandwich-type 1:1 complexes were formed at low guest concentration and then transformed to 1:2 open complexes at high guest concentration. The supramolecular interactions afforded sensitive circular dichroism responses, and the CD signs of the 1:1 complexes are decided by the stereostructure of chiral diamine guests. Moreover, due to the shortened linking units, (R)-/(S)-H show more sensitive and predicable CD response than the previously reported hosts (R)-/(S)-H1 and this can be reasonably explained by DFT molecular modeling. The present results suggest (R)-/(S)-H are promising for chiral optical sensing.

Background: Risk of bias (RoB) could influence the magnitude of treatment effects of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This study aims to investigate the potential influence of RoB on treatment effects estimates in RCTs in implant dentistry. Methods: The RCTs published in five leading oral implant journals during the recent five years were electronically searched. The RoB was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration RoB tool. The meta-regression analysis and Monte Carlo permutation test were performed to identify the association between RoB and the magnitude of treatment effects.Results: A considerable amount of studies have high RoB in blinding of participants and personnel, and unclear RoB in allocation concealment and selective reporting. The treatment effects were exaggerated by flaws in allocation concealment for binary outcomes and by deficiencies in random sequence generation and selective reporting for continuous outcomes.Conclusion: RoB frequently exists in RCTs recently published in implant dentistry, which may lead to the exaggeration of treatment effects. Better study design, implementation, and reporting are required for clinical trials in implant dentistry to ensure more reliable evidence.

To explore whether hemocytometric measures could be qualified predictors for the effect of oral rehydration salts (ORS) in children with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS).Thirty-five children with POTS and 29 healthy children were enrolled. General information, hemodynamic status, and baseline hemocytometric variables were collected. Children with POTS received ORS therapy and were followed up for 3 months. The independent risk factors of developing POTS were explored. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate predictive value of hemocytometric variables for therapeutic effectiveness of ORS therapy.Children with POTS had larger mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values than controls (P .05). The baseline MCV values positively correlated with heart rate elevation from supine to upright (r = 0.294, P .05). Both larger MCV and lower MCHC values were independent risk factors of developing POTS (for MCV, P .05, OR 1.222; for MCHC, P .05, OR 0.936). In children with POTS, responders to ORS had baseline lower MCV and higher MCHC than nonresponders (P .05). The receiver-operating characteristic curve for the predictive value of MCHC showed that area under the curve was 0.73.MCHC values could be used to predict the effectiveness of ORS for treating POTS in children.

( R )-(+)- or ( S )-(−)-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) was applied as a remote chiral auxiliary to connect the two facing porphyrin rings, resulting in the BINOL-strapped chiral bis (porphyrinato) cerium double-decker complexes ( R )-/( S )- 1 and ( R )-/( S )- 2 , which were carefully characterized by a range of spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Perfect mirror images were observed in their circular dichroism (CD) spectra with a negative sign in the Soret band for ( R )-enantiomers and a positive sign for ( S )-enantiomers, which suggests the C 2 -chirality of a BINOL strap is transcribed to the double-decker core as a defined chiral twist in the inter-porphyrin arrangement. Furthermore, the CD intensities of ( R )-/( S )- 1 are always larger than those of ( R )-/( S )- 2 , indicating that the intramolecular chirality transfer efficiency can be finely tuned by changing the length of interlocking moieties.

We have studied the intra- and inter-molecular chirogenesis events on a family of chiral bisporphyrin hosts H1-H3 . The three pairs of enantiomers for H1-H3 were constructed by connecting two zinc(II) porphyrinates to a homochiral ( R )-(+)- or ( S )-(−)-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) with ester or ether linkages. Split Cotton effects were observed for all of the bisporphyrin hosts. For each enantiomer, the sign of the bisignate CD couplets directly correlates to the stereostructure of the BINOL linker, namely a ( R )-BINOL linker leads to a negative CD couplet and vise versa . The CD intensities of the hosts are decreasing from H1 to H3 along with the increasing of the length and flexibility of the chemical linkages between BINOL and porphyrin subunits. The predictable CD signs and regularly changed CD intensities demonstrate the defined intramolecular asymmetric information transfer, by which the chirality of a BINOL linker is translated to a preferred chiral twist in the inter-porphyrin arrangement with tunable efficiency. Furthermore, the intermolecular binding of 4,4′-BiPyridyl (BiPy), as a typical achiral ditopic guest, to the series of hosts were detected by UV–Vis, 1 H NMR and CD spectroscopic titrations. The results indicate a convergent and complementary 1:1 binding mode, in which a BiPy ligand binds to a host molecule by ditopic Zn N coordination forming a stable cyclic supramolecular complex. In particular, the intensity of CD signals decreases significantly for all of the supramolecular complexes in comparison with the chiral bisporphyrin hosts alone, though the CD sign does not change. The observation is rationalized by DFT molecular modeling, which suggests that upon the formation of 1:1 cyclic supramolecular complexes the chiral twist direction of the two porphyrin moieties does not change, while the Zn Zn distance increases remarkably. The present results highlight the effects of intramolecular chirality induction and intermolecular chirality modulation in BINOL bridged porphyrin tweezer systems.

OBJECTIVES While sarcopenia is prevalent after hip fracture in the acute postfracture period, little is known about the prevalence after discharge. This study assessed longitudinal trends in sarcopenia prevalence over 12 months after hip fracture using three different operational definitions. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Baltimore Hip Studies seventh cohort. PARTICIPANTS A total of 82 men and 78 women, aged 65 years and older, with surgical repair of a nonpathological hip fracture. MEASUREMENTS Baseline assessment included a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and interview. Follow-up assessments, which additionally included performance measures, occurred 2, 6, and 12 months after admission. Using these measures, three sarcopenia definitions were assessed over the year following hip fracture: European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Persons (EWGSOP), International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), and Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH). RESULTS EWGSOP and IWGS provided the highest prevalence of sarcopenia (62%-69% in men, 42%-62% in women), while prevalence by FNIH was much lower for men (15%-19%) and women (5%-12%). For both men and women, the agreement between EWGSOP and IWGS definitions was excellent, and FNIH showed poor agreement with them, supported by various statistical measures across first-year follow-up. Prevalence was stable over time in men by all definitions, while the prevalence in women by FNIH was lowest at 2 months, significantly increased at 6 months (P = .03), and remained higher at 12 months. Whether sarcopenia prevalence differed significantly by sex varied by time point and definition; however, when different, men had a higher prevalence than women (P

Background To investigate the area and morphological changes around the soft tissue chin after orthodontic incisor retraction. Methods Fifty-nine female adults with bimaxillary protrusion requiring extraction of four premolars were included in the study. Cephalograms were taken before (T0) and after (T1) orthodontic treatment. The soft tissue changes, including the area, thickness and morphology were measured. Paired-t tests were performed for statistical comparisons. Pearson correlation analyses and backward multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the relationship between the soft tissue changes and incisor retraction. Results Following the incisor retractions (5.35 ± 1.79 mm and 4.42 ± 1.62 mm for the upper and lower, respectively), there was a significant increase in the soft tissue thickness of L1c-LL (0.64 ± 1.67 mm, P = 0.025) and Pog-Pog’ (0.44 ± 1.10 mm, P = 0.022), and a significant decrease in the soft tissue thickness of B-B′ (1.21 ± 1.34 mm, P P > 0.05). Pearson coefficient between the thickness changes of B-B′ and the retraction of lower incisors was − 0.376. The multiple correlations between the soft tissue thickness changes and incisor retractions were Y = 1.02–0.42a + 0.42b for L1c-LL, and Y = 0.17–0.31b for B-B′. Conclusions The orthodontic incisor retraction could cause soft tissue thickness changes (i.e. an increase in L1c-LL and Pog-Pog’ and a decrease in B-B′) without area changes.

Objectives: To explore the long-term outcomes of children and adolescents with postural tachycardia syndrome receiving conventional interventions. Materials and Methods: A total of 121 patients were recruited, but 6 (5.0%) of them were lost at follow-up. The detailed clinical data were collected, and the reoccurrence and frequency of orthostatic intolerance symptoms were evaluated with a mean followed-up period of 18.7 months (range, 14-74 months). The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to show the cumulative symptom-free rate of patients over time. Factors influencing the long-term outcomes were examined using the Cox's proportional hazards models. Results: The cumulative symptom-free rate was gradually increased over time. It was 48.4% at the 1-year follow-up and increased to 85.6% at the 6-year follow-up. The duration of symptoms before treatment and the maximum upright heart rate in standing-up test were identified as independent indicators for the long-term outcomes. Each 1-month prolongation in the duration of symptoms before treatment was associated with a 1.2% decrease in the cumulative symptom-free rate. However, each 1-bpm increase in the maximum upright heart rate in standing-up test was associated with a 2.1% increase in the cumulative symptom-free rate. Conclusions: The long-term outcomes of postural tachycardia syndrome patients who received conventional interventions are benign and the cumulative symptom-free rate was gradually increased over time. The prolonged duration of symptoms before treatment and the reduced maximum upright heart rate in standing-up test are the independent risk indicators.

Table S1. List of 220 differentially expressed proteins in hypoxia-treated hPDLCs with Uniprot accession, gene symbol, protein description, expression fold change and P value. Figure S1. Direct cell counting of hPDLCs number after hypoxic treatment (n = 3). Data are represented as mean ± SEM,; *P