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In science and engineering, the majority of non-linear stochastic systems can be represented as the quasi-Hamiltonian systems. Moreover, the corresponding Hamiltonian system offers two concepts of integrability and resonance that can fully describe the global relationship among the degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) of the system. This paper proposes an effective and promising approximate semi-analytical method for the stationary response of multi-dimensional quasi-Hamiltonian systems. To be specific, the trial solution of the reduced Fokker-Plank-Kolmogorov (FPK) equation constructs with radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. Then taking into account the residual generated by substituting the trial solution into the reduced FPK equation, a loss function is constructed by combining random sampling technique, and the unknown weight coefficients are optimized by minimizing the loss function through the Lagrange multiplier method. Moreover, an efficient sampling strategy is employed to promote the implementation of algorithms. Finally, two numerical examples are studied in detail, and all the semi-analytical solutions are in contrast with Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) results. The results indicate that the complex non-linear dynamic features of the system response can be captured through the proposed scheme accurately.

Random perturbations in nature described by non-Gaussian excitation models are far more widely applied and development prospects than that of Gaussian excitation models in practice. However, the stochastic dynamics research of non-Gaussian excitation is still not very mature. In this work, radial-basis-function-neural-network (RBFNN) is applied for calculating the stationary response of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) nonlinear system excited by Poisson white noise. Specifically, the trial probability-density-function (PDF) solution of reduced generalized-Fokker–Plank–Kolmogorov (GFPK) equation is constructed by a suitable number of Gaussian basis functions (GBFs) with a fixed set of means and standard deviations. Subsequently, an approximate squared error of the GFPK equation in a finite domain is considered. Together with the normalization condition, the approximate squared error can be minimized by establishing a Lagrangian function, and then the optimal weight coefficients associated with the approximate PDF solution are solved from a system of linear algebraic equations. For demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed procedure, two specific examples are presented. The corresponding reduced GFPK equation is truncated with higher order for the strong non-Gaussian case. The precision of the analytical solution is verified against the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) data. In addition, all the results indicate that RBFNN shows fairly high efficiency under the premise of ensuring high precision in the whole computational procedure.

Catalases (CATs) are important self-originating enzymes and are involved in many of the biological functions of plants. Multiple forms of CATs suggest their versatile role in lesion mimic mutants (LMMs), H

Purpose Capsid protein L2 is the minor capsid protein of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16). Although L2-based vaccines were developed, the therapeutic effect of recombinant viral capsid protein L2 (rVL2) was still to be illustrated. Methods We used glucose uptake and lactate production assay to verify the inhibitory effect of rVL2 on the glucose metabolism in cervical cancer cells. Secondly, we performed gene-chip assay, RT-PCR, and Western blot to determine the role of ITGB7/C/EBPβ signaling pathway in rVL2-mediated glucose metabolism in vitro. Finally, we used an animal model to verify the function of rVL2 in cervical cancer. Results We found that rVL2 reduced glucose uptake and lactate production levels in cervical cancer cells, which caused the inhibition of cell proliferation. rVL2 decreased the expression levels of key metabolic enzymes, including GLUT1, LDHA, and ALDOA, to affect cell metabolism in cervical cancer cells by inhibiting ITGB7/C/EBPβ signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion These results demonstrated the vital role of rVL2 in the glycolysis-induced cell growth and proliferation via suppressing ITGB7/C/EBPβ signaling axis.

Based on Galois Field ( GF ( q )) multiplicative group, a new coding scheme for Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) codes is proposed, and the new coding scheme has some advantages such as the simpler construction, the easier implementation encoding, the lower complexity of the encoding and decoding, the more flexible adjustment of the code length as well as the code rate and so forth. Under the condition of considering the characteristics of optical transmission systems, an irregular QC-LDPC (3843,3603) code to be suitable for optical transmission systems is constructed by applying the proposed new coding scheme. The simulation result shows that the net coding gain (NCG) of the irregular QC-LDPC (3843,3603) code is respectively improved 2.14 dB, 1.19 dB, 0.24 dB and 0.14 dB more than those of the classic RS (255,239) code in ITU-T G.975, the LDPC (32640,30592) code in ITU-T G.975.1, the regular SCG-LDPC (3969,3720) code constructed by the Systematically Constructed Gallager (SCG) coding scheme and the regular QC-LDPC (4221,3956) code at the bit error rate (BER) of 10-8. Furthermore, all the five codes have the same code rate of 93.7%. Therefore, the irregular QC-LDPC (3843,3603) code constructed by the proposed new coding scheme has the more excellent error-correction performance and can be better suitable for optical transmission systems.

A novel super forward error correction (SFEC) coding scheme, based on the block turbo code (BTC) of Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocguenghem (BCH)(64,57)×BCH(64,57), in high-speed long-haul dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical communication systems is proposed. The simulation results and its analyses show that the net coding gain (NCG) of the novel SFEC code at iteration 6 is, respectively, 0.31 and 0.34 dB more than those of the BCH(3860, 3824)+BCH(2040, 1930) code and Reed–Solomon (RS)(255,239)+convolutional–self-orthogonal code (CSOC)( k 0 / n 0 =6/7, J =8) code in the Recommendation of ITU-T G.975.1 at iteration 3 for the bit error rate (BER) of 10 −12 . The performance analyses for the novel SFEC code show that it has excellent advantages such as the shorter component code and rapid encoding/decoding speed; thus, both the complexity to implement its software/hardware and the delay time for its encoding/decoding can be greatly reduced. As a result, the novel SFEC coding scheme can better be applicable in high-speed long-haul DWDM optical communication systems. In addition, the design and implementation of the novel BTC are also analyzed and probed.

The three concatenated coding schemes of the inner-outer type, the parallel type and the consecutive type to improve the current forward error correction (FEC) coding technologies are proposed for dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) systems, after introducing the development trend of DWDM optical communication systems. The concatenated code is theoretically analyzed. The theoretical analyses and simulation results show that inner-outer concatenated code has a greater redundancy and the decoding of parallel concatenated code is too complex. However, consecutive concatenated code is superior coding scheme with advantages such as better error correction performance, moderate redundancy and easy implementation, therefore it could be better used in high-speed and long-haul DWDM systems.

The structures of the novel super forward error correction (Super-FEC) code type based on the concatenated code for high-speed long-haul optical communication systems are studied in this paper. The Reed–Solomon (RS) (255, 239) + Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocguenghem (BCH) (1023, 963) concatenated code is presented after the characteristics of the concatenated code and the two Super-FEC code type presented in ITU-T G.975.1 have theoretically been analyzed, the simulation result shows that this novel code type, compared with the RS (255, 239) + convolutional-self-orthogonal-code (CSOC) (k0/n0 = 6/7, J = 8) code in ITU-T G.975.1, has a lower redundancy and better error-correction capabilities, and its net coding gain (NCG) at the third iteration is 0.57 dB more than that of RS (255, 239) + CSOC (k0/n0 = 6/7, J = 8) code in ITU-T G.975.1 at the third iteration for the bit error rate (BER) of 10−12. Therefore, the novel code type can better be used in long-haul, larger capacity and higher bit-rate optical communication systems. Furthermore, the design and implementation of the novel concatenated code type are also discussed.

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in cancer initiation and development by functioning either as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors. The role of microRNA-449a (miR-449a) in endometrial cancer remains unclear. We examined the levels of miR-449a and miR-449b in benign endometrium, type I and type II endometrial cancer tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. To further investigate the roles of miR-449a in regulating the behavior of endometrial cancer cells, we overexpressed miR-449a in the endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1B, which had low endogenous miR-449a expression. We analyzed the effects of miR-449a overexpression on CDC25 expression, proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of HEC-1B cells. We found that miR-449a and miR-449b levels were markedly reduced in type II endometrial cancer tissues but not in type I endometrial cancer tissues compared with normal endometrium. Overexpression of miR-449a significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and clonogenic survival of HEC-1B cells. MiR-449a overexpression also induced apoptosis in HEC-1B cells. In addition, real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that CDC25A expression was suppressed by miR-449a overexpression. Our results suggest that miR-449a may act as a tumor suppressor by targeting CDC25A in endometrial cancer.

In this paper, the three ameliorated new coding schemes of the Super-FEC (Forward Error Correction) concatenatedcodes (namely, the inner-outer concatenated-code, the parallel concatenated-code and the successive concatenated-code with interleaving) are proposed after the development trend of high-rate optical transmission systems and the defects of the FEC codes in the current optical transmission systems have been analyzed. The system simulation of the inner-outer concatenated-codes is implemented and the schemes of encoding/decoding the parallel concatenated-codes are proposed. Furthermore, the two successive concatenated-codes with interleaving of the RS(255,239)+RS(255,239) code and the RS(255,239)+RS(255,223) code are simulated, and the analyses for the simulation results show that the two successive concatenated-codes with interleaving, compared with the classic RS (255,239) code and other codes, are a superior code type with the advantages of the better correction error, moderate redundancy and easy realization. And their net coding gains (NCG) are respectively 1.5dB, 2.5dB more than that of the classic RS(255,239) code at the BER (Bit Error Rate) of 10 -12 . At last, based on the ITU-T G.709, the frame format of the new concatenated-code on applying in high-rate optical transmission systems is proposed and designed, this lays a firm foundation in order to design its hardware in future and pioneers a direction in its physical application.

A novel super forward error correction (super-FEC) coding scheme (viz: the BTC code pattern of BCH(64,57) times BCH(64,57)) based on the block turbo code (BTC) in long-haul optical transmission systems is proposed in this paper. The BTC of Bose-Chaudhur-Hocguenghem (BCH)(64,57)timesBCH(64,57) has been constructed, simulated and analyzed. The simulation results and the performance analyses show that the net coding gain (NCG) of BCH(64,57)timesBCH(64,57) code at the sixth iteration is 0.35 dB more than that of Reed-Solomon (RS)(255,239) + convolutional self orthogonal code (CSOC) (k0/n0=6/7, J=8) code in ITU-T G.975.1 at the third iteration for a BER of 10-12 and the novel BTC has the advantageous characteristics such as the shorter component code and the rapid encoding/decoding speed, these advantages reduce not only the complexity for implementing the software/hardware but also the time delay for the encoding/decoding. Therefore, the novel BTC coding scheme can be used in large capacity, high-speed and ultra long-haul optical transmission systems. At last, the design and implementation of the novel BTC are also discussed