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Currently, deep learning applications in tomato disease recognition are becoming widespread. However, in greenhouse tomato cultivation environments, many techniques neglect the foggy image caused by wet conditions, adversely affecting the performance of disease recognition models, which still remains unresolved. To alleviate adverse environmental impacts, such as fog, and enhance the precision and robustness of the model, this study introduces an improved dark channel prior (DCP) dehazing algorithm and proposes the TDR-Model based on the MobileNetV3. Employing the quad-tree spatial hierarchy search strategy, guided filtering, tolerance mechansim, and multi-scale color restoration (MSRCR) algorithm, an innovative improved version of DCP dehazing algorithm is realized. Image preprocessing with the improved DCP dehazing algorithm obtains more authentic dehazed images. Moreover, MobileNetV3 is improved by the incorporation of the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) and Omni-Dimensional Dynamic Convolution(ODC), improving the accuracy of disease feature recognition. The experiment results demonstrate that, with the parameter size remaining nearly unchanged (a slight reduction of 0.04M), an increase of 16.88% is achieved in accuracy compared to the original version for foggy images. Additionally, we provide extensive ablation studies to evaluate effectiveness of the proposed framework.

ObjectiveAs creating finite element models for the finite element analysis of ship structures is time-consuming and highly dependent on engineers' experience, this paper proposes a knowledge-based fast finite element modeling method to solve this problem. MethodsThe proposed method makes full use of the existing model data of the CAD system and shares model data between the CAD and CAE systems through model features. First, based on expert knowledge, the CAD geometric features are marked with engineering semantics to generate CAD information models. Second, the feature reduction of the CAD information model is carried out based on the constructed knowledge rules. Finally, the neutral file XML is used to construct a knowledge-based data transfer and matching method which allows the geometric features and attribute information to be matched with the pre-constructed CAE parameterized template, thereby speeding up the finite element modeling of the ship structure. ResultsTaking the structural strength analysis of a 66000 DWT bulk carrier under typical loading conditions as an example, this approach can realize the automatic extraction, labeling and model reduction of the geometric model, boundary conditions and other information, and quickly complete the finite element modeling and analysis of the structure through the knowledge-based feature matching rules, effectively reducing data loss in the transmission process and realizing the reuse of knowledge.ConclusionsThe proposed fast finite element modeling method with embedded knowledge reuse rules improves the conversion efficiency of data, information and knowledge between the CAD and CAE systems, and has good universality and expansibility in practical engineering.

Abstract Space exploration has become a major focus in the field of technology, with gear transmissions in aerospace equipment playing a crucial role. In the extreme environment of space, gear transmissions face challenges like large temperature differentials, deformation and maintenance difficulties, which will severely impact transmission accuracy and service life. To meet the growing demands for high-performance gear transmissions with high transmission efficiency and error adaptability in the aerospace field, this paper proposes a novel curve-surface conjugate internal gear drive consisting of an involute internal gear and a curve-surface gear. The fundamental theory of curve-surface conjugation is introduced, and the construction method for curve-surface gear based on a selected contact path and meshing tube is presented. The analysis models including induced curvature, sliding ratio and tooth contact analysis with errors (ETCA) are simulated to evaluate the meshing characteristics. Additionally, prototypes are manufactured and experimental setups are established to validate the transmission performance. These results indicate that as the rotational speed increases, the transmission efficiency of the curve-surface conjugate internal gear drive improves, which is contrary to the trend observed in involute gear drives. And the transmission efficiency of the curve-surface conjugate internal gear drive surpasses that of the involute gear drive at higher rotational speeds. Moreover, this novel gear drive exhibits excellent error adaptability, maintaining intact contact paths and high transmission efficiency even in the presence of assembly errors. This study provides new ideas for the design and manufacture of high-performance gear transmissions from the perspective of spatial geometric elements.

Abstract Background The preservation of the left colic artery (LCA) has emerged as a preferred approach in laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer. However, preserving the LCA while simultaneously dissecting the NO.253 lymph node can create a mesenteric defect between the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), the LCA, and the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV). This defect could act as a potential “hernia ring,” increasing the risk of developing an internal hernia after surgery. The objective of this study was to introduce a novel technique designed to mitigate the risk of internal hernia by filling mesenteric defects with autologous tissue. Methods This new technique was performed on eighteen patients with rectal cancer between January 2022 and June 2022. First of all, dissected the lymphatic fatty tissue on the main trunk of IMA from its origin until the LCA and sigmoid artery (SA) or superior rectal artery (SRA) were exposed and then NO.253 lymph node was dissected between the IMA, LCA and IMV. Next, the SRA or SRA and IMV were sequentially ligated and cut off at an appropriate location away from the “hernia ring” to preserve the connective tissue between the “hernia ring” and retroperitoneum. Finally, after mobilization of distal sigmoid, on the lateral side of IMV, the descending colon was mobilized cephalad. Patients’preoperative baseline characteristics and intraoperative, postoperative complications were examined. Results All patients’ potential “hernia rings” were closed successfully with our new technique. The median operative time was 195 min, and the median intraoperative blood loss was 55 ml (interquartile range 30–90). The total harvested lymph nodes was 13.0(range12−19). The median times to first flatus and liquid diet intake were both 3.0 days. The median number of postoperative hospital days was 8.0 days. One patient had an injury to marginal arterial arch, and after mobolization of splenic region, tension-free anastomosis was achieved. No other severe postoperative complications such as abdominal infection, anastomotic leakage, or bleeding were observed. Conclusions This technique is both safe and effective for filling the mesenteric defect, potentially reducing the risk of internal hernia following laparoscopic NO.253 lymph node dissection and preservation of the left colic artery in rectal cancer surgeries.

Abstract To reduce the local scour around the spur dike, the U-shaped collar is proposed in this study. The influence of the collar's length, width, and porosity on the local scour reduction in clear water is studied by model tests and numerical simulations. Experimental studies show that the collar has a significant effect on reducing the local scour. The location of the maximum scour depth of the spur dike moves downstream. The width of the collar has the greatest impact on the reduction effect among the three selected factors, followed by the porosity and the length. Local scour reduction efficiency of the collar can reach 56.9%. Based on the regression analysis of the range and variety, a formula for predicting the reduction effect around the spur dike is put forward, and the deviation between the values by formula and that in experiments are within ± 4%. The characteristics of the flow field around the spur dike under constant conditions with a collar are studied via numerical simulation. The numerical simulation results show that compared to the case without collar, the flow velocities around the spur dike in cases with permeable collar and solid collar reduced by 45% and 25%, respectively, and the shear stresses reduced by 20% and 28.6%, respectively. The results of this study can provide a reference for local scour reduction using the solid collar or collar made of permeable materials such as gabions.

Abstract Background During laparoscopic left hemicolectomy procedures, a previously overlooked consistently thick blood vessel within the gastrocolic ligament near the splenic hilum may contribute to post-operative bleeding complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the identification and management of the previously overlooked blood vessel. Methods This is a retrospective descriptive study of patients undergoing laparoscopic left colectomy for splenic fexure cancer conducted at a national gastrointestinal surgery centre in China. Consecutive patients with splenic fexure cancer who underwent laparoscopic left colectomy using our“five-step process”(n = 34) between January 2021 and July 2023 were included. Results The vessels can be effectively exposed using the aforementioned “five-step process.” It was observed that the overlooked vessels consistently present in all patients were identified as the omental branch of the left gastroepiploic artery and vein. Conclusion We have identified the origin of previously overlooked blood vessels and recommended a safe method for their management. This may offer advantages to colorectal surgeons performing laparoscopic left colectomy for splenic flexure cancer

Renal calyceal neck atresia is a rare disorder. There is no clear guidance for standard treatment of this condition. The Memokath™ 045 temperature-controlled memory alloy stent is commonly used in the treatment of urethral strictures, but it has not been used for treating calyceal neck atresia. We present a case of a 44-year-old female patient with left lumbar pain who underwent two stages of treatment to resolve calyceal neck atresia located at the upper calyx of her left kidney. The first procedure was transurethral ureteroscopy combined with percutaneous recanalization of the left upper calyx calyceal neck atresia. One 6 F internal stent and one 8 F internal stent were placed, and she was discharged with a left nephrostomy tube. After her urinary tract infection was fully resolved, the patient returned for the second procedure of percutaneous upper renal calyx calyceal neck metal stent implantation. The temporary stents and nephrostomy tube were successfully removed. Our findings suggest that the Memokath™ 045 temperature-controlled memory alloy stent is an effective choice for treating calyceal neck atresia.

Based on the study of the distribution of intra-platform shoals and the characteristics of dolomite reservoirs in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the Gaoshiti–Moxi area of the Sichuan Basin, SW China, the controlling factors of reservoir development were analyzed, and the formation model of “intra-platform shoal thin-layer dolomite reservoir” was established. The Qixia Formation is a regressive cycle from bottom to top, in which the first member (Qi1 Member) develops low-energy open sea microfacies, and the second member (Qi2 Member) evolves into intra-platform shoal and inter-shoal sea with decreases in sea level. The intra-platform shoal is mainly distributed near the top of two secondary shallowing cycles of the Qi2 Member. The most important reservoir rock of the Qixia Formation is thin-layer fractured-vuggy dolomite, followed by vuggy dolomite. The semi-filled saddle dolomite is common in fracture-vug, and intercrystalline pores and residual dissolution pores combined with fractures to form the effective pore-fracture network. Based on the coupling analysis of sedimentary and diagenesis characteristics, the reservoir formation model of “pre-depositional micro-palaeogeomorphology controlling shoal, sedimentary shoal controlling dolomite, penecontemporaneous dolomite benefiting preservation of pores, and late hydrothermal action effectively improving reservoir quality” was systematically established. The “first-order high zone” micro-paleogeomorphology before the deposition of the Qixia Formation controlled the development of large area of intra-platform shoals in Gaoshiti area during the deposition of the Qi2 Member. Shoal facies is the basic condition of early dolomitization, and the distribution range of intra-platform shoal and dolomite reservoir is highly consistent. The grain limestone of shoal facies is transformed by two stages of dolomitization. The penecontemporaneous dolomitization is conducive to the preservation of primary pores and secondary dissolved pores. The burial hydrothermal fluid enters the early dolomite body along the fractures associated with the Emeishan basalt event, makes it recrystallized into medium–coarse crystal dolomite. With the intercrystalline pores and the residual vugs after the hydrothermal dissolution along the fractures, the high-quality intra-platform shoal-type thin-layer dolomite reservoirs are formed. The establishment of this reservoir formation model can provide important theoretical support for the sustainable development of Permian gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.

Abstract The central Sichuan Basin, located in western China, holds great significance in terms of hydrocarbon production, especially in relation to complex carbonate reservoirs, notably the Qixia Formation of the Middle Permian epoch. However, the comprehensive evaluation of this geological formation presents considerable challenges due to complex lithology, limited availability of reservoir property data at various scales, inadequacies in data integration, and the absence of a reliable reservoir ranking system for development decision making. Previous studies primarily relying on conventional data at the reservoir level, such as well logs and geological information, have proven insufficient in accurately characterizing the reservoir. This is especially evident without precise lithological information and detailed knowledge of microscale properties, which are crucial for effective reservoir evaluation. To address these challenges, this study integrates advanced technologies like X-ray diffraction, micro-CT and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques in digital drill cutting analysis at the microscale. A novel scoring system has been developed using a prominent component analysis (PCA) approach and an expert scoring system, which incorporates existing conventional well log data and digital cutting analysis. This scoring system has been validated using actual production data, thus establishing a robust evaluation methodology for assessing the exploration potential and optimizing development strategies for carbonate gas reservoirs in the Qixia Formation. The innovative approach, which incorporates parameters at both micro- and macroscales, holds promising potential in facilitating future exploration and development efforts.

Abstract In the past decades, a band alignment theory has become a basis for designing different high-performance semiconductor devices, such as photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, photoelectrostorage and third-generation photovoltaics. Recently, a faradaic junction model (coupled electron and ion transfer) has been proposed to explain charge transfer phenomena in these semiconductor heterojunctions. However, the classic band alignment theory cannot explain coupled electron and ion transfer processes because it only regulates electron transfer. Therefore, it is very significant to explore a suitable design concept for regulating coupled electron and ion transfer in order to improve the performance of semiconductor heterojunctions. Herein, we propose a potential window alignment theory for regulating ion transfer and remarkably improving the photoelectrocatalytic performance of a MoS2/Cd-Cu2ZnSnS4 heterojunction photocathode. Moreover, we find that a faradaic potential window, rather than the band position of the intermediate layer, is a criterion for identifying interface charge transfer direction. This finding can offer different perspectives for designing high-performance semiconductor heterojunctions with suitable potential windows for solar energy conversion and storage.

The largest Precambrian gas field (Anyue Gasfield) in China has been discovered in the central Sichuan Basin. However, the deep ancient Ediacaran dolomite presents a substantial challenge due to their tightness and heterogeneity, rather than assumed large-area stratified reservoirs controlled by mound-shoal microfacies. This complicates the characterization of “sweet spot” reservoirs crucial for efficient gas exploitation. By analyzing compiled geological, geophysical and production data, this study investigates the impact of strike-slip fault on the development and distribution of high-quality “sweet spot” (fracture-vuggy) reservoirs in the Ediacaran dolomite of the Anyue Gasfield. The dolomite matrix reservoir exhibits low porosity (less than 4%) and low permeability (less than 0.5×10–3 μm2). Contrarily, fractures and their dissolution processes along strike-slip fault zone significantly enhance matrix permeability by more than one order of magnitude and matrix porosity by more than one time. Widespread “sweet spot” fracture-vuggy reservoirs are found along the strike-slip fault zone, formed at the end of the Ediacaran. These fractured reservoirs are controlled by the coupling mechanisms of sedimentary microfacies, fracturing and karstification. Karstification prevails at the platform margin, while both fracturing and karstification control high-quality reservoirs in the intraplatform, resulting in reservoir diversity in terms of scale, assemblage and type. The architecture of the strike-slip fault zone governed the differential distribution of fracture zones and the fault-controlled “sweet spot” reservoirs, leading to wide fractured-vuggy reservoirs across the strike-slip fault zone. In conclusion, the intracratonic weak strike-slip fault can play a crucial role in improving tight carbonate reservoir, and the strike-slip fault-related “sweet spot” reservoir emerges as a unique and promising target for the efficient development of deep hydrocarbon resources. Tailored development strategies need to be implemented for these reservoirs, considering the diverse and differential impacts exerted by strike-slip faults on the reservoirs.

Matrix factorization has demonstrated outstanding performance in machine learning. Recently, graph-based matrix factorization has gained widespread attention. However, graph-based methods are only suitable for handling small amounts of data. This paper proposes a fast semi-supervised learning method using only matrix factorization, which considers both global and local information. By introducing bipartite graphs into symmetric matrix factorization, the technique can handle large datasets effectively. It is worth noting that by utilizing tag information, the proposed symmetric matrix factorization becomes convex and unconstrained, i.e., the non-convex problem minx(1−x2)2 is transformed into a convex problem. This allows it to be optimized quickly using state-of-the-art unconstrained optimization algorithms. The computational complexity of the proposed method is O(nmd), which is much lower than that of the original symmetric matrix factorization, which is O(n2d), and even lower than that of other anchor-based methods, which is O(nmd+m2n+m3), where n represents the number of samples, d represents the number of features, and m≪n represents the number of anchors. The experimental results on multiple public datasets indicate that the proposed method achieves higher performance in less time.

Collision tumors are rarely reported in patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, even though VHL patients often present with multi-organ tumor syndromes, like hemangioblastoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Hemangioblastoma is rarely located in a supratentorial location, and intracranial lateral ventricular is also not a common site of metastasis for RCC. It is extremely rare for the two tumors to collide in the supratentorial area. We report a 64-year-old man with a history of clear cell RCC who presented with a sudden headache. The brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed that there was a cystic-solid mass in the intracranial lateral ventricular trigone. Histopathologically, the tumor consisted of two distinct components, most of which showed the typical morphology of hemangioblastoma. However, there were a few acinar structures composed of clear cells scattered in hemangioblastoma, and these acinar structures were subsequently confirmed as clear cell RCC. The genetic testing confirmed that the patient had VHL disease with de novo somatic mutation. Based on our case report, we systematically reviewed the characteristics of collision tumor composed of hemangioblastoma and metastatic RCC in VHL patients. The special growth site of our case is the first report of this kind of collision tumor, and can also help enrich our understanding of VHL disease and collision tumor.

This experiment aimed to study the effects of tannin supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation characteristics, apparent digestibility and serum biochemistry, and antioxidant and immune indexes in fattening lambs. A total of 36 male Hu sheep lambs (body weight = 15.83 ± 0.48 kg and days of age = 55 ± 2 d) were fed a high-concentrate diet and randomly divided into one of three groups of 12 animals each: control with no tannin (CON) and tannin treatments (TA1, 3 g/d per lamb; TA2, 6 g/d per lamb). The feeding experiment lasted for 60 d. The results showed that the average daily gain and ruminal propionate content of lambs in the TA1 group were higher (p < 0.05) than those in the CON group. Lambs fed tannin had significantly increased (p < 0.05) microbial protein and decreased (p < 0.05) ammonia nitrogen concentrations in the rumen. In addition, the crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of the TA2 group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) as compared with the TA1 and CON groups, respectively. The serum concentrations of triglyceride, immunoglobulin A, and catalase and the total antioxidant capacity were higher (p < 0.05) in the TA1 group that those in the CON group, whereas an opposite trend of urea nitrogen, interleukin-1β, and malondialdehyde was found between the two groups. Also, tannin supplementation increased (p < 0.05) Lactobacillus and decreased (p < 0.05) Salmonella counts in the feces of lambs. Taken together, tannin supplementation can improve the growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant ability of fattening lambs fed a high-concentrate diet.

This paper proposed an innovative approach to oblique worm drive by introducing a specific inclination angle. The investigation focused on the meshing performance of oblique ZA worm drive by varying the crossed axis angle. The meshing geometric models of oblique ZA worm drive are deduced, and the derivation of the lubrication angle along with the induced normal curvature calculation formula are proposed. The tooth-face contact conditions for different worm gears with various inclination angles are analyzed, and lubrication angles and induced normal curvatures are presented. To verify the numerical analysis, a simulation analysis was conducted for the oblique ZA worm drive with an inclination angle of 10°, and the results confirmed the conclusions drawn from the numerical analysis. A comparative test was performed between the transmission efficiency of the oblique and standard ZA worm drive reducer. The results demonstrated that the oblique ZA worm drive exhibited strengthened transmission efficiency and load carrying capacity.

Abstract To investigate the effects of different anesthetic methods on postoperative immune function in patients undergoing gastrointestinal tumor resection. Ninety patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal tumor resection were divided into 3 groups. Patients in the GA group were anesthetized by total intravenous anesthesia. The GE group was anesthetized by general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia. The GN group was anesthetized by general anesthesia combined with bilateral Transversus Abdominis Plane block (TAP) and rectus sheath nerve blocks. General anesthesia is total intravenous anesthesia in all three groups. Blood samples were taken to test the changes of peripheral lymphocyte subtype analysis, and levels of plasma cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine. Also, the dosage of anesthetic drugs, recovery time, and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded. Postoperative immune indexes, including CD4 count, CD8 count, B, and NK cells, in the GE group were significantly higher than those in NA and GA groups (P

Abstract Anxiety and depression can negatively affect the management of asthma. The study aimed to assess the psychosocial effects of asthma patients during COVID-19 and analyze potential risk factors and interventions. In June 2022, the “Questionnaire Star” electronic questionnaire system was used to collect data. A total of 98 asthma patients from the affiliated hospital of the medical school of Ningbo University were invited to complete the questionnaires. According to our study, the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in the asthma patients in the institution was 91.8 and 77.6%, respectively. Patients who had an asthma exacerbation in the previous two months were more likely to have anxiety symptoms (OR = 0.142 95%CI 0.025–0.820), while patients who did not participate in asthma day activities were more likely to have anxiety symptoms than those who did (OR = 0.130 95%CI 0.022–0.762). This study found that routine disease educational lectures on asthma day can successfully alleviate asthma sufferers' anxiety and depression.

This article aims to reveal the meshing performance on face worm gear drive with the variable worm cone angle and to verify the feasibility of using a cylindrical worm as a replacement for the spiroid worm in face worm gear drive. The meshing functions and tooth surface equations are derived in the given coordinate system, as well as the meshing performance equations of induced normal curvature, lubrication angle, and relative entrainment velocity are presented. The influences of worm cone angle variation on the three metrics are analyzed under the design parameters, and it combined with simulation analysis to verify its correctness. The results of the analysis show that as the decreases of worm cone angle, the meshing characteristic between the tooth profiles on both sides of the transmission has an asymmetric feature. The magnitude of variation of the three metrics that assess the performance of meshing is not obvious, indicating that it is possible to replace the spiroid worm drive with a face worm gear with cylinder worm in some working conditions in the future.

BackgroundTo date, several studies have compared the surgical and oncological outcomes of local excision (LE) and radical excision (RE) for rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), but some have limited numbers of small series. This protocol outlines the planned scope and methods for a systematic review and meta-analysis that will compare the surgical and oncological outcomes of LE and RE in patients with rectal GISTs.MethodsThis protocol is presented in accordance with the PRISMA-P guideline. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Wanfang database will be systematically searched. Furthermore, reference lists of all included articles will be screened manually to add other eligible studies. We will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRS) in this study. The primary outcomes evaluated will be R0 resection rate and disease-free survival, while the secondary outcomes will contain overall survival, length of stay, tumor rupture rate and complications. Two reviewers will independently screen and select studies, extract data from the included studies, and assess the risk of bias of the included studies. Preplanned subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses are detailed within this protocol. The strength of the body of evidence will be assessed using GRADEDiscussionThis review and meta-analysis will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current evidence concerning the application of LE and RE in patients with rectal GISTs. The findings from this review will serve as a foundation for future research and emphasize the implications for clinical practice.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO (CRD42017078338), https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=387409, PROSPERO CRD42017078338.

Aim: There is currently no consensus on the best risk assessment technique for predicting complications after hip surgery in the elderly, which is hindering the accuracy of surgical risk assessment. The goal of this study was to build a risk assessment model and evaluate its predictive value using the modified frailty index (5-mFI) and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI). Methods: A retrospective investigation was undertaken on 150 patients (aged ≥60 years) who had hip fracture surgery. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, the relationship between combined 5-mFI and PNI and the evaluation of postoperative unfavorable outcomes such as infection and unscheduled intensive care unit (ICU) admission was investigated. Finally, utilizing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the model’s predictive value for adverse outcomes following hip fracture surgery in elderly patients was assessed. Results: Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses revealed that preoperative PNI, 5-mFI, ASA, and gender acted as independent predictors of adverse outcomes after hip fracture surgery in the elderly. According to the ROC curve analysis, the predictive model demonstrated a high predictive value for total postoperative complications (AUC: 0.788; 95%CI: 0.715–0.860; p

Abstract Synergies of transcription factors, chromatin modifiers and their target genes are vital for cell fate determination in human cancer. Although the importance of numerous epigenetic machinery for regulating gliomagenesis has been previously recognized, how chromatin modifiers collaborate with specific transcription factors remains largely elusive. Herein we report that Pontin chromatin remodelling factor acts as a coactivator for LEF1 to activate TGFβ/SMAD signalling, thereby contributing to gliomagenesis. Pontin is highly expressed in gliomas, and its overexpression paralleled the grade elevation and poor prognosis of patients. Functional studies verified its oncogenic roles in GBM cells by facilitating cell proliferation, survival and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing results revealed that Pontin regulated multiple target genes involved in TGFβ/SMAD signalling. Intriguingly, we found that Pontin amplified TGFβR2 gene transcription by recruiting LEF1, thereby activating TGFβ/SMAD signalling and facilitating gliomagenesis. Furthermore, higher TGFβR2 expression conferred worse patient outcomes in glioma. To conclude, our study revealed that the Pontin-LEF1 module plays a crucial role in driving TGFβR2 gene transcription, which could be exploited to target TGFβ/SMAD signalling for anti-glioma therapy.

Autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous disorders believed to stem from the immune system’s inability to distinguish between auto- and foreign- antigens. B lymphocytes serve a crucial role in humoral immunity as they generate antibodies and present antigens. Dysregulation of B cell function induce the onset of autoimmune disorders by generating autoantibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in an imbalance in immune regulation. New research in immunometabolism shows that cellular metabolism plays an essential role in controlling B lymphocytes immune reactions by providing the energy and substrates for B lymphocytes activation, differentiation, and function. However, dysregulated immunometabolism lead to autoimmune diseases by disrupting self-tolerance mechanisms. This review summarizes the latest research on metabolic reprogramming of B lymphocytes in autoimmune diseases, identifying crucial pathways and regulatory factors. Moreover, we consider the potential of metabolic interventions as a promising therapeutic strategy. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms of B cells brings us closer to developing novel therapies for autoimmune disorders.

A Faradaic junction solar rechargeable device is one of the promising technologies to address the problem of solar energy storage but the working mechanism remains unclear. Here, the authors report a photovoltage memory effect in a portable Si/CoOx/KBi(aq)/MnOx Faradaic junction device.

Abstract It is a fundamental and challenging issue how to improve the accuracy of image matching in computer vision. To address this issue, an image matching method is proposed, which is via progressive priors of a putative dataset. Distance ratio antecedents of a presumptive dataset are initially employed to calculate a tentative deformation through geometric constraints. Progressive priors of the presumptive dataset, obtained by the tentative deformation, are then engaged to improve the accuracy of image matching by estimating a global deformation. The comparison experiments illustrate that our proposed method more effectively enhances the accuracy of image matching than six state‐of‐the‐art methods.

Energy band alignment theory is used to understand interface charge transfer in semiconductor/semiconductor junctions but many abnormal results cannot be well explained. Here, the authors demonstrate a Faradaic junction theory with isoenergetic charge transfer at semiconductor/semiconductor interfaces to explain these abnormal results.

ObjectivesAiming at the difficulty of ensuring the fitting accuracy and optimization efficiency of surrogate models due to the high nonlinearity in ship structure reliability-based optimization design, a reliability-based ship structure optimization method based on the interest subdomain dynamic surrogate model is proposed.MethodsThis method puts forward the concept of the interest subdomain based on the sequential optimization and reliability assessment (SORA) method, determines the range of interest subdomains and formulates adaptive spatial reduction rules based on information entropy function H, then proposes an adaptive spatial reduction sequential sampling strategy based on interest subdomains, thereby constructing a dynamic Kriging surrogate model that highly fits the subdomain of interest locally with as few sample points as possible, and embedding the surrogate model and multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA) in the SORA method to undertake reliability-based optimization.This study proposes a probability constraint feasibility checking method to reduce unnecessary reliability assessment processes. A mathematical example is given to verify the reliability-based optimization method.ResultsThe relative error between the optimal solution and theoretical solution is 0.066 8%, and the number of function calls is 40.6% less than those of the optimal method in the references, which proves the accuracy and efficiency of this method.ConclusionsWhen the proposed method is applied to the reliability optimization design of a cabin structure, the total cabin mass is reduced by 0.511% compared with the references, and 94 fewer finite element calculations are required, proving the efficiency and applicability of this method.

Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology has been widely utilized for collecting three-dimensional (3D) point cloud data on forest scenes, enabling the generation of high-accuracy digital elevation models (DEMs) for the efficient investigation and management of forest resources. Point cloud filtering serves as the crucial initial step in DEM generation, directly influencing the accuracy of the resulting DEM. However, forest filtering presents challenges in dealing with sparse point clouds and selecting appropriate initial ground points. The introduction of full-waveform LiDAR data offers a potential solution to the problem of sparse point clouds. Additionally, advancements in multi-source data integration and machine learning algorithms have created new avenues that can address the issue of initial ground point selection. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes a novel filtering method for forest scenes utilizing full-waveform LiDAR data and hyperspectral image data. The proposed method consists of two main steps. Firstly, we employ the improved dynamic graph convolutional neural network (IDGCNN) to extract initial ground points. In this step, we utilize three types of low-correlation features: LiDAR features, waveform features, and spectral features. To enhance its accuracy and adaptability, a self-attention module was incorporated into the DGCNN algorithm. Comparative experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm, demonstrating that the IDGCNN algorithm achieves the highest classification accuracy with an overall accuracy (OA) value of 99.38% and a kappa coefficient of 95.95%. The second-best performer was the RandLA-net algorithm, achieving an OA value of 98.73% and a kappa coefficient of 91.68%. The second step involves refining the initial ground points using the cloth simulation filter (CSF) algorithm. By employing the CSF algorithm, non-ground points present in the initial ground points are effectively filtered out. To validate the efficacy of the proposed filtering method, we generated a DEM with a resolution of 0.5 using the ground points extracted in the first step, the refined ground points obtained with the combination of the first and second steps, and the ground points obtained directly using the CSF algorithm. A comparative analysis with 23 reference control points revealed the effectiveness of our proposed method, as evidenced by the median error of 0.41 m, maximum error of 0.75 m, and average error of 0.33 m.

Existing tunnels are often subject to longitudinal bending when undercrossing tunnelling. It is of significance to more accurately evaluate the longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness (LEBS) of the existing tunnel within the influential zone. A new analytical method is proposed for the LEBS of tunnel segmental lining joints with consideration of incorporating combined action of residual jacking force and bending moment. The solution can degenerate into a special case with no residual jacking force, which agrees well with other classical solutions and validates the model and solutions. Sensitivity analyses are carried out for the bending moment, tunnel geometry, tensile stiffness of bolts and concrete grade on the LEBS, and effective ratio of the LEBS considering residual jacking force. The LEBS and the effective ratio of LEBS increase nonlinearly as an S-curve with the residual jacking force and decrease with an increasing bending moment. The results show that the LEBS of the shield tunnel is variable stiffness, which exhibits a significant nonlinearity. The maximum increment of the LEBS reaches 80.3% as the ring width increases from 1 m to 2 m, and the LEBS of the shield tunnel increases by approximately 1.3 × 107 kN·m2 for every 4-bolt added. The influential order on the LEBS of shield tunnels is the tunnel diameter > lining thickness > bolts diameter > ring width > the number of bolts > elastic modulus of bolts. When the effective ratio of LEBS is more than 0.85, it does not change with the ring width, lining thickness, tensile stiffness of bolts, and concrete grade. The response characteristics of the tunnel parameters on the LEBS, considering the residual jacking force, could provide a theoretical basis for the design and deformation control of shield tunnels when undercrossing tunnelling.

Introduction Virtual reality (VR) is already being used for cognitive or emotional rehabilitation. However, its role in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has not been fully recognised. Due to the lack of an effective postoperative follow-up system, the incidence of POCD in China is not clear, and although many drugs have been proposed to improve POCD in the animal study, their clinical applications are limited, while VR provides an innovative method to provide non-pharmacological management.Methods and design This is a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial. In this study, 600 patients over 55 years old undergoing laparoscopic surgery will be recruited. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive biophilic VR or sham VR (1:1 ratio), all patients have 20 min of exposure per day during the hospital stay. The primary outcome is the impact of VR on the incidence of POCD. Secondary outcomes include perioperative anxiety and instrumental activities of daily living. Changes in the performance of the neurocognitive batteries are measured by a local resident doctor. Serum samples will be collected on the day before surgery and 7 days after surgery.Ethics and dissemination This trial has ethical approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University (KY20210302). The study is sponsored by Ningbo University and Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau. Contact: Dr. Mao Haijiao, Chair of the hospital medical Ethics committee (ndfylunli@126.com). Trial results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals, patient recruitment began in April 2021. Written informed consent is obtained for all participants. All information acquired will be disseminated via national or international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration number ChiCTR2000040919.

Abstract Pontin (RUVBL1) is a highly conserved ATPase of the AAA + (ATPases Associated with various cellular Activities) superfamily and is implicated in various biological processes crucial for oncogenesis. Its overexpression is observed in multiple human cancers, whereas the relevance of Pontin to gliomagenesis remains obscure. To gain insights into Pontin involvement in glioma, we performed bioinformatics analyses of Pontin co-expressed genes, Pontin-affected genes, and carried out experimental studies. The results verified that Pontin was upregulated in gliomas. Its higher levels might predict the worse prognosis of glioma patients. The Pontin co-expressed genes were functionally enriched in cell cycle progression and RNA processing. In the nucleus, Pontin promoted cell growth via facilitating cell cycle progression. Using RNA-seq, we found that Pontin knockdown resulted in altered expression of multiple genes, among which the E2F1 targets accounted for a large proportion. Mechanistic studies found that Pontin interacted with E2F1 and markedly amplified the E2F1 transcription response in an ATPase domain-dependent manner. By analyzing the RNA-seq data, we also found that Pontin could impact on the alternative splicing (AS). Both differential expressed genes and AS events affected by Pontin were associated with cell cycle regulation. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights of the importance of Pontin in gliomagenesis by regulating cell cycle and AS, and shed light on the possible application of Pontin as an antineoplastic target in glioma.

The interlaminar peformance of composites palys an important role in the damage process of fiber reinforced composites. In-situ monitoring by an embedded sensor could avoid the sudden failure. This paper investigates the in-situ monitoring of mode I interlaminar crack propagationg behavior in woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy (WGF/epoxy) composite laminates. The resistance signal of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) located in the mid-thickness of WGF/epoxy during the double cantilever beam (DCB) test is recorded. Relationship between the relative resistance and the interlaminar crack length is theoretically built and experimentally verified. Results show that the mode I crack propagating length can be successfully predicted by the relative resistance. A linear relationship between the interlaminar crack propagating length and the total relative resistance is found by the experimental and theoretical results.

The depth of the excavation damage zone in the surrounding rock mass is an important parameter to determine the support design scheme, and is also of great reference significance to evaluate the stability of the surrounding rock. An acoustic test is the most commonly used method to obtain the depth of the excavation damage zone in surrounding rock. However, under high stress conditions, the surrounding rock is seriously broken and the internal structural planes are significantly developed, leading to the test error reaching meter-level. This paper, based on dimensional analysis, proposed the surrounding rock damage-fracture ratio R, which was defined as the depth of excavation damage zone to the depth of highly damaged zone, to characterize the relationship between the excavation damage zone and highly damaged zone. The established indicator considered the stress condition of the engineering zone, rock integrity, tunnel excavation span, and rock fracture zone depth and was verified with allowable error in engineering practice. The results show that the model can overcome the limitations of the acoustic wave testing method in surrounding rock testing of deep underground caverns, and the method of determining the depth of the surrounding rock damage zone based on the damage-fracture ratio R provides a practical and alternative method for determining the damage zone of surrounding rock excavation.

Anchor technology has become an irreplaceable geotechnical engineering reinforcement measure. To clarify anchorage effects and investigate the three-dimensional (3D) crack propagation process of bolted jointed rock masses, a series of physical model tests and 3D numerical simulations were performed, and optimal anchoring conditions of jointed rock masses are found. The results showed that a bolted jointed rock mass had stronger compressive performance and deformation capability, with crack propagation controlled, especially in the anchorage zone, and the formation and slip of shear zones also restrained. Meanwhile, the fractured location is transferred from the joint tip to the interface between the bolt and surrounding rock. The numerical simulation based on the damage model of rocks at the mesoscale and a nonlinear shearing–sliding model for anchoring interfaces were conducted with the FLAC3D code to reproduce the 3D crack propagation and the gradual damage of bolted jointed rock masses. The anchorage effect increased the crack initiation stress of jointed rock masses, but the zone where the bolt passed through the joint cracked more easily. Once onset of the instability stage of the bolted jointed rock mass, cracks began to propagate and penetrate gradually to the anchorage zone. In addition, under uniaxial compression, a “Z”-shaped shear stress concentration zone is observed in the bolt, which is mainly attributed to the role of the bolt on controlling shear failure along the joint plane and transverse dilatancy of the specimen. Better anchorage effects were achieved by installing bolts after deformation of the jointed rock mass had developed to a certain extent. The optimal anchor opportunity for a jointed rock mass varied with the joint angle. More specifically, for the rock mass with a joint angle of 75°, the anchorage effect was best when the bolt was installed at 40% peak strain of the jointed rock mass, while 10% peak strain was perfect for the bolted rock mass with a 45° joint angle.

Composite laminated bolted joints are increasingly used in the aerospace industry, and most researchers are involved in the study of the failure behavior of composite bolted joints’ structures. Because of the complexity and stability of the structure, precisely predicting the damage evolution and failure behavior of the composite laminated bolted joint becomes rather difficult. In this paper, an asymptotic damage model is proposed to predict the failure behavior of the composite bolted joint structure. The model is based on the frame of mainstream criteria and some improvements are made to adapt to the particularity of composite laminated bolted joints. Combining the damage model with the finite element method, the failure behavior of single-lap and double-lap bolted joint structures are predicted and analyzed. In order to guarantee the reliability of the model, the corresponding experimental study is conducted, and the results show that the simulation curve and the experimental data are in good agreement. This damage model can further predict the failure behavior of various types of complex composite laminated bolted joints effectively.

ParticipantsCompetent resident doctor were expected to help the patients, advance medical knowledge, and promote public health. The time and effort necessary for residents to devote to standarized training is extensive. Anxiety and depression can negatively affect professional development and work efficacy. The study aimed to assess the psychosocial effects of the hospital reappraisal during the post-pandemic era of COVID-19 and analyze potential risk factors leading to their symptoms of anxiety and depression.MethodIn March 2021, the “Questionnaire Star” electronic questionnaire system was used to collect data. A total of 96 resident doctors from the affiliated hospital of the medical school of Ningbo University were invited to complete the questionnaires.ResultsAccording to our study, the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in the resident doctors in the institution was 61.5 and 59.4%, respectively. The residents who were worried about clinical skills tend to have anxiety symptoms under online education (OR = 3.436, 95%CI: 1.122–10.526). Compared with participants who were assigned by other hospitals, social trainees (OR: 7.579, 95%CI: 1.747–32.885), and full-time masters (OR: 5.448, 95% CI: 1.586–18.722) were more likely to have anxiety symptoms. Participants without a labor contract (OR = 3.257, 95% CI: 1.052–10.101) had a high risk of depression symptoms. Participants who spent more time learning the details prepared for the tertiary hospital reappraisal were significantly more likely to develop anxiety and depressive symptoms.ConclusionThis study suggested that the tertiary hospital reappraisal program has an impact on the high incidence of anxiety and depression of the young resident doctors during the post-pandemic era of the COVID-19 in Ningbo.

Angiogenesis is an important mechanism underlying the development and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and has emerged as a therapeutic target for metastatic CRC (mCRC). Our recent studies found that Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ/D (PPARδ) regulates vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA) secretion and the sensitivity to bevacizumab in CRC. However, its exact effect and underlying mechanisms remain unidentified. In this study, we showed that PPARδ expression was inversely associated with the microvascular density in human CRC tissues. Knockdown of PPARδ enhanced VEGFA expression in HCT116 cells and HUVEC angiogenesis in vitro; these phenomena were replicated in the experimental in vivo studies. By tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeling proteomics and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses, endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha (ERO1A) was screened and predicted as a target gene of PPARδ. This was verified by exploring the effect of coregulation of PPARδ and ERO1A on the VEGFA expression in HCT116 cells. The results revealed that PPARδ induced VEGFA by interacting with ERO1A. In conclusion, our results suggest that knockdown of PPARδ can promote CRC angiogenesis by upregulating VEGFA through ERO1A. This pathway may be a potential target for mCRC treatment.

Despite the benefits of EHRs (Electronic Health Records), there is a growing concern over the risks of privacy exposure associated with the technologies of EHR storing and transmission. To deal with this problem, a time-aware searchable encryption with designated server is proposed in this paper. It is based on Boneh's public key encryption with keyword search and Rivest's timed-release cryptology. Our construction has three features: the user cannot issue a keyword search query successfully unless the search falls into the specific time range; only the authorized user can generate a valid trapdoor; only the designated server can execute the search. Applying our scheme in a multi-user environment, the number of the keyword ciphertexts would not increase linearly with the number of the authorized users. The security and performance analysis shows that our proposed scheme is securer and more efficient than the existing similar schemes. Keywords: Searchable encryption, Timed-release, Designated server, Privacy preserving, EHRs

Conventional Staudinger reductions of organic azides are sluggish with aryl or bulky aliphatic azides. In addition, Staudinger reduction usually requires a large excess of water to promote the decomposition of the aza-ylide intermediate into phosphine oxide and amine products. To overcome the challenges above, we designed a novel triaryl phosphine reagent 2c with an ortho-SO2NH2 substituent. Herein, we report that such phosphine reagents are able to mediate the Staudinger reduction of both aryl and alkyl azides in either anhydrous or wet solvents. Good to excellent yields were obtained in all cases (even at a diluted concentration of 0.01 M). The formation of B-TAP, a cyclic aza-ylide, instead of phosphine oxide, eliminates the requirement of water in the Staudinger reduction. In addition, computational studies disclose that the intramolecular protonation of the aza-ylide by the ortho-SO2NH2 group is kinetically favorable and responsible for the acceleration of Staudinger reduction of the aryl azides.

This paper proposes two approaches, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Fourier Transform (FT), to correct the vibration signals measured by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), which overcomes the difficulty of selection of reference points used in other correction methods, such as homography transformation and three-dimensional reconstruction. In the method of this paper, a UAV is used to collect the video of a vibrated bridge, and the displacement signal of the bridge is obtained from the video by Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi (KLT) optical flow method, which contains false displacement caused by the ego-motion of the UAV during the measurement. The false displacement can be effectively eliminated by EMD and FT to obtain the real displacement signal. Finally, the displacement signal is processed by the Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) technique to obtain the bridge modal parameters. The performance of correcting vibration signals and extracting bridge modal parameters from the vibration signals based on EMD, FT, and Differential Filtering (DF) are compared by taking the fixed camera measurement as a reference (the accuracy of measuring bridge vibration with fixed cameras has been verified) in this paper, and it is demonstrated that EMD has better reliability in processing signal measured by UAVs, which is mainly due to the absence of random factors and too much noise in the signal processing process of EMD.

Abstract In order to solve the problems of receptor promiscuity and poor blood‐brain barrier (BBB) penetration in the treatment of glioblastomas (GBM), a novel dual‐functional nanocomplex drug delivery system is developed based on the strategy of peptide‐drug conjugates. In this study, SynB3‐PVGLIG‐PTX is designed and screened out by matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), to which it exhibits the best affinity. The MMP‐2‐sensitive peptide (PVGLIG) and a cell‐penetration peptide (SynB3) are combined to form a dual‐functional peptide. Moreover, as a drug‐peptide nanocomplex, SynB3‐PVGLIG‐PTX exhibited a high potential to form an aggregation with good solubility that can release paclitaxel (PTX) through the cleavage of MMP‐2. From a functional perspective, it is found that SynB3‐PVGLIG‐PTX can specifically inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells in vitro in the presence of MMP‐2, in contrast to that observed in MMP‐2 siRNA transfected cells. Further investigation in vivo shows that SynB3‐PVGLIG‐PTX easily enters the brain of U87MG xenograft nude mice and can generate a better suppressive effect on GBM through a controlled release of PTX from SynB3‐PVGLIG‐PTX compared with PTX and temozolomide. Thus, it is proposed that SynB3‐PVGLIG‐PTX can be used as a novel drug‐loading delivery system to treat GBM due to its specificity and BBB permeability.

Carbonate reservoirs are the main reservoir types in China, which occupy the large ratio of reserves and production at present. The high-efficiency development of carbonate reservoirs is of great significance to assure the stability of national energy supply. The Lower Paleozoic reservoir in Jingbian gas field and the Sinian reservoir in Anyue gas field are two typical carbonate gas reservoirs, and their successful development experiences can provide significant references for other similar carbonate gas reservoirs. For Jingbian gas field, it is a lithological-stratigraphic reservoir developed in a westward monocline and multiple rows of nose-fold structures, and is a stable craton basin with simple palaeognomy distribution and stable connectivity, which has complex gas-water distribution. However, for Anyue gas field, it is a lithological-structural reservoir with multiple tectonic high points and multiple fault systems, and is biological dune beach facies under extensional setting with highly differentiated inside of the block in palaeognomy characteristics, which has limited connectivity and tectonic side water is in a local area. The difference of gas reservoir characteristics leads to the diverse development strategies. For these two gas reservoirs, although there are some similar aspects, such as the screen of enrichment areas, the application of irregular well pattern and reservoir stimulation techniques, the criteria of enrichment areas, the well types, and the means of reservoir stimulation are absolutely different. In addition, due to the differences of control reserves and production capacity for these two kinds of reservoirs, the mode of stable production is also different. The effective development of Jingbian gas field can give some references to the future exploitation on the Sinian gas reservoir. Firstly, the sedimentary characteristics should be studied comprehensively. Secondly, the distribution pattern and distribution characteristics of the palaeognomy should be found and determined. Thirdly, the distribution of fracture system in the reservoir should be depicted finely. Finally, dynamic monitoring on the production performance should be strengthened, and the management for this gas field should be improved further. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of the Karst weathering-crust carbonate gas reservoir formation characteristics and the optimal development technologies that should be taken in practice.

Summary: Semiconductor/Faradaic layer/liquid junctions have been widely used in solar energy conversion and storage devices. However, the charge transfer mechanism of these junctions is still unclear, which leads to inconsistent results and low performance of these devices in previous studies. Herein, by using Fe2O3 and Ni(OH)2 as models, we precisely control the interface structure between the semiconductor and the Faradaic layer and investigate the charge transfer mechanism in the semiconductor/Faradaic layer/liquid junction. The results suggest that the short circuit severely restricts the performance of the junction for both solar water splitting cells and solar charging supercapacitors. More importantly, we also find that the charge-discharge potential window of a Faradaic material sensitively depends on the energy band positions of a semiconductor, which provides a new way to adjust the potential window of a Faradaic material. These new insights offer guidance to design high-performance devices for solar energy conversion and storage. : Interface Science; Electrical Property; Energy Materials Subject Areas: Interface Science, Electrical Property, Energy Materials

Metal–organic framework (MOF) films are essential for numerous sensor and device applications. However, metal-organic framework materials have poor machinability due to their predominant powder-like nature, and their presence as the active layer in a device can seriously affect the performance and utility of the device. Herein, active layers of field-effect transistor (FETs) devices and chemiresistor gas sensors with high performance were constructed by loading Cu3(HITP)2 (HITP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene) in situ-axial anchoring on oriented nanofiber arrays prepared via electrospinning. The strong interaction between polar groups on the polymer chains and metal ions promotes the nucleation of Cu3(HITP)2, steric hindrance makes particles of Cu3(HITP)2 with uniform size, morphology, and good crystallinity during nucleation by liquid phase epitaxial growth (LPE). Influences of differently-oriented Cu3(HITP)2 NFAs-based FETs on the electrical properties were studied, optimally oriented Cu3(HITP)2 NFAs-based FETs showed good mobility of 5.09 cm2/V·s and on/off ratio of 9.6 × 103. Moreover, excellent gas sensing response characteristics were exhibited in sensing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Chemiresistor gas sensors with high response value, faster response and recovery are widely suited for VOCs. It brings new inspirations for the design and utilization of electrically conductive MOFs as an active layer for FETs and sensor units for chemiresistor gas sensors.

The Sinian Dengying Fm in the Sichuan Basin is a set of fractured-vuggy reservoirs mainly dominated by sedimentation and karstification, and characterized by small fractures and vugs, complex stratigraphy and lithology, and strong vertical and lateral reservoir heterogeneity. As a result, the drilling rates are lower and single-well gas productivity varies greatly there. And the reservoir identification results based on seismic data in this area are ambiguous. In view of this, the Deng 4 Member in the Gaoshiti buried structure on the southern flank of the Leshan–Longnüsi palaeohigh was precisely divided in stratigraphy. Then, the types of reservoir assemblages were determined based on gas well logging and test data, and the seismic response characteristics of typical wells with different types of reservoir assemblages and the seismic modes of high productivity wells were studied by using high-resolution seismic data. It is indicated that the Deng 4 Member in this area is divided into three types of reservoir assemblages, which correspond to three seismic modes. Seismic mode I: It presents the seismic response characteristics of “wide wave troughs + double highlights” or “wide wave troughs + complex waves”, indicating that fractures and vugs are developed. It is the preferred seismic mode of high productivity wells in the stage of development. In this mode, the technology of highly deviated wells or horizontal wells can be implemented. Seismic mode II: It presents the seismic response characteristics of “wide wave troughs”, indicating that fractures and vugs are relatively developed. It is the mode of moderate productivity wells. In this mode, the technology of highly deviated wells can be implemented. Seismic mode III: It presents the seismic response characteristics of “wide wave troughs + highlights”, indicating that fractures and vugs are underdeveloped. It is mode of low productivity wells, in which the technology of horizontal wells can be implemented. The new understandings on seismic modes were applied on site. It is shown that the reservoir drilling rate is over 60% and the average gas production rate during the production test of 8 wells is up to 75.34 × 104 m3/d. It is concluded that the seismic mode of high productivity wells based on seismic facies, fracture and vug prediction and integrated target design provides a support for the well arrangement and drilling trajectory adjustment in natural gas exploration and development in the Gaoshiti area and good results have been achieved. Keywords: Sichuan Basin, Gaoshiti area, Sinian, Dengying Formation, Karst, Fractured-vuggy reservoir, Seismic response, Seismic mode of high productivity well, Fracture and vug prediction

With urban rail transit noise becoming an increasingly serious issue, accurate and quick analysis of the low to medium frequency spectral characteristics of this noise has become important. Based on the FE-SEA (Finite Element - Statistical Energy Analysis) hybrid method, a vibration prediction model of a U-beam was established using a frequency-dividing strategy. The frequency domain and spatial characteristics of the vibration and structural noise of the U-beam within the 1.25-500 Hz frequency range, when subjected to vertical wheel-rail interaction forces, were analyzed. Compared with other methods described in the literature, the proposed FE-SEA hybrid method improves the calculation efficiency while ensuring better accuracy for a wide frequency range of structural noise and vibration. It was found that the excitation frequencies of the wheel-rail force dominate the spectra of the vibration and structural noise of the U-beam. Therefore, the frequency band containing the excitation frequencies should be the target for noise and vibration reduction when implementing strategies. The results show that the bottom plate contributes the most to the sound pressure level at all prediction points, and therefore should be the focus for noise and vibration reduction.

In this paper, a novel framework for the automatic extraction of road footprints from airborne LiDAR point clouds in urban areas is proposed. The extraction process consisted of three phases: The first phase is to extract road points by using the deep learning model PointNet++, where the features of the input data include not only those selected from raw LiDAR points, such as 3D coordinate values, intensity, etc., but also the digital number (DN) of co-registered images and generated geometric features to describe a strip-like road. Then, the road points from PointNet++ were post-processed based on graph-cut and constrained triangulation irregular networks, where both the commission and omission errors were greatly reduced. Finally, collinearity and width similarity were proposed to estimate the connection probability of road segments, thereby improving the connectivity and completeness of the road network represented by centerlines. Experiments conducted on the Vaihingen data show that the proposed framework outperformed others in terms of completeness and correctness; in addition, some narrower residential streets with 2 m width, which have normally been neglected by previous studies, were extracted. The completeness and the correctness of the extracted road points were 84.7% and 79.7%, respectively, while the completeness and the correctness of the extracted centerlines were 97.0% and 86.3%, respectively.

An algorithm for calculating the effective ratio of the transverse bending rigidity is established based on the segment longitudinal joint bending stiffness. With the knowledge of this effective ratio, the bending rigidity of a modified uniform rigidity ring is fully defined. To verify this developed algorithm, the effective ratios and convergence deformations of the modified uniform rigidity rings obtained with different methods are compared. Moreover, the responses of the modified uniform rigidity ring model under loading obtained from this algorithm are compared to those obtained with the existing generally accepted beam-spring model. The results show that although the bending moments obtained from these two models are different, the axial forces, horizontal convergent deformations, and vertical convergent deformations are quite consistent with each other. The modified uniform rigidity ring model built on the developed effective ratio algorithm is applicable for the analysis of the tunnel convergence deformation and the interaction between the tunnel structure and the ground during operation. This modified uniform rigidity ring model is simpler and easier to use than the beam-spring model; thus, the significance of the developed algorithm for the effective ratio of the transverse bending rigidity is demonstrated.