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This study aims to analyze the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), domestic investment, and other macroeconomic variables towards decreasing unemployment rate in Indonesia. The macroeconomic variables applied in this study composed of inflation, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Provincial minimum wage, and poverty. This study employed Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model and panel data from 2010 – 2020 for 34 provinces in Indonesia. This study indicated that GDP and FDI play crucial role in decreasing number of unemployment rate in Indonesia. These two independent variables had negative and significance relationship with number of unemployment rate in Indonesia. It means that if GDP and FDI raise led decreasing on number of unemployment rate in Indonesia. Meanwhile, domestic investment and other macroeconomic variables including inflation, provincial minimum wage, and poverty indicated having insignificant relationship with number of unemployment rate in Indonesia. This study concluded that GDP and FDI have important role in decreasing numbers of unemployment in Indonesia. It means that if GDP and FDI raised significantly causing more job opportunities for unemployment in Indonesia. This study is expected to give contribution for Indonesia Government and Economic policy makers to minimize numbers of unemployment in Indonesia.

Aisyaturridho. Analysis of the Effect of Economic Growth, Minimum Wages and Human Development Index on Unemployment Rate in North Sumatra. Thesis. Medan: Postgraduate Program at the University of North Sumatra, 2021. Unemployment is a problem that must be faced by North Sumatra. The Open Unemployment Rate in North Sumatra in 2017-2020 is still fluctuating. This study aims to test empirically the effect of economic growth, minimum income and the human development index (IPM) on the open unemployment rate in North Sumatra. This study uses time series and cross section data from 2017 to 2020 from BPS North Sumatra. For data analysis using Panel Data Analysis Method which is based on data processing using the software program E-views 10. The results showed a value of R2 is 0.94. This means that 94% of the proportion of the independent variables used is able to explain the variation in the dependent variable in the model, while the remaining 6% is explained by other variables not used in this study. All independent variables have a P-value less than 0.05. This means that all the independent variables used in the estimation of this analysis model, namely economic growth, minimum income and the human development index (IPM) together have a significant effect on unemployment in North Sumatra. The significant economic growth variable has a negative effect on the open unemployment rate in North Sumatra, has a p-value of 0.0001 with a regression coefficient is -24.14609 which means that every 1 billion rupiah increase in economic growth will reduce 24.14609% of the open unemployment rate. The minimum income variable has a significant positive effect on the open unemployment rate in North Sumatra which has a p-value of 0.0005 with a regression coefficient of 8.005012, meaning that if there is an increase of 1 million rupiah the minimum income will increase 8.005012% of the open unemployment rate. Meanwhile, the human development index variable has a significant positive effect on the open unemployment rate in North Sumatra because the p-value is 0.0454 with a regression coefficient of 0.997629 which means that if the human development index increases by 1 ratio, it will increase the open unemployment rate by 0.997629%. To reduce the open unemployment rate, the government must increase the economic growth and human development index, while the minimum income must be stabilized in order to reduce the open unemployment rate. Keywords: Open Unemployment Rate, Economic Growth, Minimum income, Human Development Index (IPM)., Aisyaturridho. Analisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Upah Minimum dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran di Sumatera Utara. Tesis. Medan: Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2021. Penganguran merupakan masalah yang harus dihadapi oleh Sumatera Utara. Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Provinsi Sumatera Utara pada tahun 2017-2020 masih mengalami fluktuatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, upah minimum dan indeks pembangunan manusia terhadap pengangguran di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan data time series dan cross section tahun 2017 sampai 2020 dari BPS Sumatera Utara. Untuk analisis data menggunakan Metode Analisis Data Panel yang didasarkan atas pengolahan data dengan menggunakan program software eviews 10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai R2 sebesar 0.94. ini berarti bahwa sebesar 94% proporsi variabel-variabel bebas yang digunakan mampu menjelaskan variasi variabel terikat dalam model tersebut, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 6% dijelaskan oleh variable lain yang tidak digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Semua variable bebas memiliki Pvalue lebih kecil dari 0.05. Ini berarti bahwa semua variable bebas yang digunakan dalam estimasi model analisis ini, yaitu pertumbuhan ekonomi, upah minimum dan indeks pembangunan manusia bersama-sama berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pengangguran di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi signifikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap tingkat pengangguran terbuka di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, memiliki p-value sebesar 0.0001 dengan koefisien regresi sebesar -24.14609 yang berarti setiap kenaikan 1 milyar rupiah pertumbuhan ekonomi maka akan menurunkan 24.14609% tingkat pengangguran terbuka. Variabel upah minimum signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat pengangguran terbuka di Provinsi Sumatera Utara memiliki p-value sebesar 0.0005 dengan koefisien regresi 8.005012 berarti apabila terjadi kenaikan 1 juta rupiah upah minimum maka akan meningkatkan 8.005012% tingkat pengangguran terbuka. Sementara variabel indeks pembangunan manusia signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat pengangguran terbuka di Provinsi Sumatera Utara karena p-value sebesar 0.0454 dengan koefisien regresi sebesar 0.997629 berarti apabila indeks pembangunan manusia mengalami kenaikan sebesar 1 rasio, maka akan menaikkan tingkat pengangguran terbuka sebesar 0.997629%. Untuk mengurangi tingkat pengangguran terbuka maka pemerintah harus meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan indeks pembangunan manusia sedangkan uoah minimum harus distabilkan agar terjadinya penurunan tingkat pengangguran terbuka. Kata Kunci: Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Upah Minimum, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia.

Poverty is one of the problems that become the center of attention in any country including Indonesia, especially North Sumatra Province. In poverty alleviation, the government is required to supervise supporting policies that can alleviate the poverty level. Factors that can alleviate poverty are economic growth, government expenditure, and investments made. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the influence of economic growth, government expenditure, and investment on poverty levels in North Sumatra Province. This type of research is ex post facto and associative. The type of data used is quantitative in the form of secondary data. The population of this study is variable data in districts/cities in North Sumatra Province, namely as many as 33 districts/cities during 2014-2018 and sample withdrawal used is cluster sampling so that the sample as many as 165 observations. The data analysis method used is to use multiple linear regressions using Eviews10.0 software. The results showed economic growth, government expenditure and simultaneous investment negatively and significantly affected the poverty rate in North Sumatra Province with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9938 or 99.38%. Partial economic growth has a negative and significant effect on the poverty rate in North Sumatra Province while government expenditure and investment have an insignificant negative effect on poverty in North Sumatra Province. Keywords: Economic Growth, Government Expenditure, Investment, Poverty Level.

Provinsi Sumatera Utara merupakan provinsi dengan jumlah kemiskinan tertinggi di Pulau Sumatera dan peringkat ke-4 se-Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengentasan kemiskinan pada 33 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Utara tahun 2017-2020. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistika, Kanwil Ditjen PBN Sumatera Utara dan Kantor Dinas Penanaman Modal dan PPTSP Sumatera Utara. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu metode regresi data panel dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect Model dianalisis menggunakan program Eviews-11. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Produk Domestik Regional Bruto dan Investasi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, sedangkan anggaran pemerintah bidang pendidikan dan anggaran pemerintah bidang kesehatan tidak berpengaruh dan tidak signifikan terhadap kemiskinan di provinsi tersebut.

Objective – This study proposes an integrated Islamic microfinance model in alleviating poverty and improving the performance of microenterprises based on a case study of Indonesia, by focusing specifically on BRI Microbanking. Design/methodology – This study adopts the exploratory study to construct the integrated Islamic microfinance with the purpose to alleviate poverty and enhance the business performance of enterprises. Results – As Islamic microfinance is known widely due to the high demand from Muslim countries. Since, it plays a crucial role effectively in alleviating poverty and developing the business performance on enterprises, particularly on microenterprises. Presently, many scholars attempted to build a successful Islamic microfinance model by using Islamic financing instruments such as mudarabah, musyarakah, and murabahah. This study attempts to build an integrated Islamic microfinance model by using BRI Syariah Micro as a case study. It is expected that this integrated Islamic microfinance model can enrich existing models in terms of social and economic aspects. Originality/Value – This research concentrates on proposing an integrated Islamic microfinance model based on the case study of BRI Syariah Microbanking. There seems to be a gap in the literature on the actual implementation of integrated Islamic microfinance in the world. The study highlights major factors to be emphasized to ensure the effectiveness of proposing an integrated Islamic microfinance model for BRI Syariah micro banking to alleviate poverty and to improve the performance of microenterprises.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of different microfinance model in enhancing the performance of microenterprises in terms of income, fixed assets, and household expenditures. By focusing on the case of Bank Rakyat Indonesia, one of the most successful commercial microfinance providers in the world, two types of microfinance products, namely KUPEDES and KUR are being compared. The KUPEDES is original product of BRI Unit, while the KUR is a micro-product subsidized by the Indonesian government. Based on the experience of BRI Unit in Medan city, Indonesia, we assess the impact of microfinance intervention on 400 clients. The findings demonstrated that KUPEDES as original microproduct is more successful compared to KUR product in enhancing the performance of microenterprise through income, fixed assets, and household expenditures as successful indicators. =========================================== Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi keefektifan beragam model pendanaan mikro dalam meningkatkan performa usaha kecil dari segi pemasukan, aset tetap, dan belanja rumah tangga. Dengan fokus pada kasus Bank Rakyat Indonesia, salah satu pemberi dana mikro paling berhasil di dunia, kajian ini membandingkan dua macam produk pendanaan mikro, yaitu KUPEDES dan KUR. KUPEDES adalah produk original BRI sementara KUR adalah sebuah produk mikro yang disubsisdi oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Berdasarkan pengalaman BRI cabang Medan, Indonesia, penulis menilai dampak campur tangan pendanaan mikro terhadap 400 orang klien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KUPEDES sebagai produk mikro original dinilai lebih berhasil dibandingkan dengan KUR dalam meningkatkan performa usaha kecil dengan indikator kesuksesan: pemasukan, asset tetap, dan belanja rumah tangga.

This study focuses on the determinants of the success of microenterprise owners in receiving loan from one of the successful microfinance institutions in the world, namely BRI Unit in Medan city, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This study applies the methodology before and after approach for measuring the success. It utilizes some financial indicators to measure the success of the microenterprises such as income, fixed assets, and household expenditures. The findings found financing in terms of amount of loan accessed has positive relationship with success indicators in terms of changes in income and fixed assets. However, it does not have positive relationship with changes in household expenditures. In the meantime, firm characteristics in terms of dummy variable for type of business of food and household facilities and necessities have positive relationship with changes in income. In conclusion, financing, firm characteristics, and household characteristics are the factors that determine the success of microenterprise in terms of income, fixed assets, and household expenditures. It is expected that policy makers of microfinance institutions (MFIs), including BRI Unit and Indonesian government could solve the common problems faced by MSMEs such as financing, raw materials, marketing, advanced technology, and others, as MSMEs play crucial role in increasing economic growth in terms of reducing poverty and unemployment; and increasing GDP. In this respect, policy makers of MFIs including BRI Unit is also expected to provide the facilities besides credit services such as training, health programs, education, family planning, and other programs to render greater effectiveness of the microfinance on the performance of microenterprise. Keywords : microfinance, BRI Unit, KUPEDES, KUR, microentrepreneurs