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Non-metallic inclusions are unavoidable defects in steel, and their type, quantity, size, and distribution have a great impact on the quality of steel. At present, non-metallic inclusions are mainly detected manually, which features high work intensity, low efficiency, proneness to misjudgment, and low consistency of results. In this paper, based on deep neural network algorithm, a small number of manually labeled, low-resolution metallographic images collected by optical microscopes are used as the dataset for intelligent boundary extraction, classification, and rating of non-metallic inclusions. The training datasets are cropped into those containing only a single non-metallic inclusion to reduce the interference of background information and improve the accuracy. To deal with the unbalanced distribution of each category of inclusions, the reweighting cross entropy loss and focal loss are respectively used as the category prediction loss and boundary prediction loss of the DeepLabv3+ semantic segmentation model. Finally, the length and width of the minimum enclosing rectangle of the segmented inclusions are measured to calculate the grade of inclusions. The resulting accuracy is 90.34% in segmentation and 90.35% in classification. As is verified, the model-based rating results are consistent with those of manual labeling. For a single sample, the detection time is reduced from 30 min to 15 s, significantly improving the detection efficiency.

According to the social exchange theory, this study analyzed how a bottom-line mentality (BLM) among leaders affects teachers' innovative behavior and how this relationship is mediated by relative deprivation and psychological safety and moderated by person-organization values fit. Using two stages of data collection, 491 responses from teachers were obtained and analyzed. The results revealed that leader BLM significantly negatively affected teachers' innovative behavior, and relative deprivation and psychological safety both partially mediated this influence of leader BLM. Person-organization values fit negatively moderated the positive effect of leader BLM on teachers' relative deprivation and the negative effect of leader BLM on teachers' psychological safety. This study enriches the current literature about BLM and tests the influence of leader BLM on teacher's innovation in the Chinese education and training institutions, and provides insights into favorable educational management practices.

Integrating regulatory focus theory and personality literature, we develop and test a moderated mediation model to specify the mediation mechanisms and boundary conditions of the association between employee conscientiousness and job crafting. Two-wave data collected from 389 employees and 95 supervisors showed that: Employee conscientiousness was positively associated with work promotion focus and work prevention focus. Employee conscientiousness was positively related to job crafting via work promotion focus, negatively related to job crafting via work prevention focus. Error management climate positively moderated the relationship between employee conscientiousness and work promotion focus, negatively moderated the relationship between employee conscientiousness and work prevention focus. The indirect relationship between employee conscientiousness and job crafting through work promotion focus was more pronounced under positive error management climate rather than negative, whereas the indirect relationship through work prevention focus was more pronounced under negative error management climate rather than positive.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between entrance surface dose (ESD) of gonads and physiological parameters such as sex, age, height, and weight in digital X-ray exposure of both lower limbs and to explore the feasibility of full-width long-plate imaging with single-dose radiation exposure. Methods: A total of 300 patients at a weight-bearing position of both lower limbs were prospectively enrolled in a hospital in Beijing, including 129 males and 171 females. The TLD detectors were set at the gonads on both sides of the patient during scanning. After exposure, the TLD detectors were measured with an RGD-3B thermoluminescence dosimeter, and the corresponding dose values were obtained and analyzed. Results: The average triple exposure dose (AP+bilateral view) in the full-length plate adult mode was (1281±202) µGy, which was approximately three times the single exposure dose (429±99) µGy. The triple exposure dose (AP+bilateral view) was significantly lower than the radiation dose recommended by international standards. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only height and weight affected gonadal radiation dose. Under the scanning parameters of children, the ESD dose was (359±27) µGy and (627±155) µGy when the height was less or more than 160 cm, respectively, with a significant statistical difference. In adult mode, height and weight did not affect the ESD dose. Conclusions: This study showed that the exposure dose of gonads during full-length scanning of both lower limbs in a weight-bearing position with a single exposure was affected by height and weight. The dose received by the gonads was within the safe range, and a single exposure of the full-length plate radiation dose is feasible in clinical practice.

Abstract Visual adaptive devices have potential to simplify circuits and algorithms in machine vision systems to adapt and perceive images with varying brightness levels, which is however limited by sluggish adaptation process. Here, the avalanche tuning as feedforward inhibition in bionic two-dimensional (2D) transistor is proposed for fast and high-frequency visual adaptation behavior with microsecond-level accurate perception, the adaptation speed is over 104 times faster than that of human retina and reported bionic sensors. As light intensity changes, the bionic transistor spontaneously switches between avalanche and photoconductive effect, varying responsivity in both magnitude and sign (from 7.6 × 104 to −1 × 103 A/W), thereby achieving ultra-fast scotopic and photopic adaptation process of 108 and 268 μs, respectively. By further combining convolutional neural networks with avalanche-tuned bionic transistor, an adaptative machine vision is achieved with remarkable microsecond-level rapid adaptation capabilities and robust image recognition with over 98% precision in both dim and bright conditions.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins but have been linked to cancer development and metastasis. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1) influences crucial cancer hallmarks through intricate molecular mechanisms, including proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The current article highlights the involvement of MALAT-1 in drug resistance, making it a potential target to overcome chemotherapy refractoriness. It discusses the impact of MALAT-1 on immunomodulatory molecules, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and PD-L1, leading to immune evasion and hindering anti-tumor immune responses. MALAT-1 also plays a significant role in cancer immunology by regulating diverse immune cell populations. In summary, MALAT-1 is a versatile cancer regulator, influencing tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and immunotherapy responses. Understanding its precise molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies, and therapeutic strategies targeting MALAT-1 show promise for improving cancer treatment outcomes. However, further research is needed to fully uncover the role of MALAT-1 in cancer biology and translate these findings into clinical applications.

Surface defect inspection of metal components plays a critical role in ensuring product quality, enhancing production efficiency, and reducing costs, with particular emphasis on the detection of small-sized surface defects to ensure the safety and reliability of metal components during their usage. Existing detection methods for small size defects on the surfaces of metal components have some shortcomings, such as low precision and poor real-time performance. To solve these two problems, this paper proposes a real-time defect detection method based on improved YOLO. Firstly, the LSandGlass (LSG) module is used to replace the residual module in the backbone network, which reduces information loss, eliminates the low-resolution feature layer, and minimizes semantic loss. The network then uses a lightweight Ghost convolution at the neck to extract the network features. In addition, the convolutional block attention mechanism (CBAM) module is added to improve the detection precision of small-size defects. Finally, soft intersection over union (SIoU) is used to further enhance target detection capability. The experiment was carried out a self-made hexagonal bolt data set of typical commonly used metal components. The experimental results show that compared to the original YOLOv5, the mAP (0.5) is improved by 5.7% to 95.50%, and the reasoning FPS is improved by 21 fps to 95 fps. These results indicate that the proposed LCG-YOLO improves the real-time detection performance of metal component surface defects.

In this paper, the generation of inorganic carbon (mainly HCO3−) in a karst system (soil-limestone system) under karst soil and non-karst soil conditions was investigated using two Zn2+ concentrations and water flow rates. The results showed that (1) the dynamic equilibrium state of the chemical weathering of limestone is altered by Zn2+, which is the primary cause of the change in HCO3− in soil-limestone systems; (2) ion exchange and adsorption are the primary characteristics of Zn2+ depletion under 1 mg/L ZnCl2 settings, whereas Zn2+ under 50 mg/L ZnCl2 conditions created two new solid phases (Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2, ZnCO3) in the soil-limestone system; (3) the dissolution rate of limestone increases with the water flow rate, which facilitates the dissolution process; (4) the notable difference in ion release between non-karst and karst soil conditions could potentially be attributed to variations in the mineral composition, specific surface area, and particle size of the two soil types; (5) the combination of SEM, XPS, FT-IR, and XRD microstructure observation methods reveals that when limestone is exposed to a high flow rate (1.23 mL/min) and a high concentration (50 mg/L) of ZnCl2, it experiences obvious dissolution and surface precipitation phenomena, as well as a significant change in HCO3− content.

When using runoff infiltration devices to remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from urban runoff, the quality of the effluent is affected by the length of dry spells between rain events. This study presents a novel analysis of how these dry periods impact the device’s effectiveness in removing pollutants and the resulting biological succession within the filter. Our analysis examines nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a rainwater filtration context, providing new insights into how dry period duration influences infiltration system performance. The results indicate that biological processes have a significant impact on reducing total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents under different drying periods. A 3-day drying period is most effective for reducing TN through biological processes, while a 7-day period is best for TP reduction. This suggests that moderately extending the drying period improves TP removal efficiency but does not enhance TN removal. The dominant bacterial phylum responsible for denitrification and phosphorus removal is Proteobacteria, with Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter as the leading genera. As the drying period lengthens, the dominant genera shift from Pseudomonas to Massilia. At a 3-day drying period, denitrification primarily occurs through Pseudomonas on the surfaces of maifanite and zeolite. At a 7-day dry-out period, Acinetobacter is mainly responsible for phosphate removal on maifanite surfaces. However, after a 14-day dry-out period, both biomass and bioactivity of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter decrease, leading to reduced efficiency in removing nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants from runoff infiltration devices. These results aid in developing runoff infiltration devices for specific scenarios and offer crucial guidance for regulating runoff pollution control technologies.

As green infrastructure has evolved, grass swales have become integral components of stormwater management. Manning’s equation is commonly used to describe the hydraulic characteristics of grass swales. However, due to flow loss from infiltration, grass swales often deviate from the assumptions of Manning’s equation, potentially leading to significant errors in grass swale flow rate calculations. In this study, we systematically investigated changes in flow rates in grass swales under various constant inflow rate conditions. The results indicated that the suitability of using Manning’s equation to estimate flow rate in grass swales varies with inflow rate. At an inflow rate of 3.00 m3/h, the discrepancy between the measured and the estimated flow rates by Manning’s equation was the smallest, ranging from −0.24 to 0.19 m3/h. At lower inflow rates (1.00 to 2.00 m3/h), Manning’s equation underestimated the flow rates by 0.16 to 0.47 m3/h; at higher rates (4.00 m3/h), it overestimated the flow rates by 0.01 to 0.61 m3/h. Considering infiltration losses as the primary cause of these errors, we proposed an improved Darcy’s formula for estimating the infiltration rates in grass swales, along with a modified Manning’s equation for more accurate flow rate calculations. The modified Manning’s equation provides enhanced accuracy in calculating flow rates in grass swales compared to the traditional version.

Cell therapy is an important topic in the field of regeneration medicine that is gaining attention within the scientific community. However, its potential for treatment in coronary heart disease (CHD) has yet to be established. Several various strategies, types of cells, routes of distribution, and supporting procedures have been tried and refined to trigger heart rejuvenation in CHD. However, only a few of them result in a real considerable promise for clinical usage. In this review, we give an update on techniques and clinical studies of cell treatment as used to cure CHD that are now ongoing or have been completed in the previous five years. We also highlight the emerging efficacy of stem cell treatment for CHD. We specifically examine and comment on current breakthroughs in cell treatment applied to CHD, including the most effective types of cells, transport modalities, engineering, and biochemical approaches used in this context. We believe the current review will be helpful for the researcher to distill this information and design future studies to overcome the challenges faced by this revolutionary approach for CHD.

Human safety is paramount in flood disasters. Current research indicates that the majority of fatalities in such disasters are due to people moving in water. Existing studies on human stability in floods have primarily focused on the static resistance of a standing posture against water flow, neglecting the realistic scenario where people need to move and attempt self-rescue in the aftermath of destabilization. This paper introduces an analysis of the stability during the self-rescue process following a fall in floodwaters, providing insights into the baseline risks of human impact in floods. The self-rescue process is defined as the recovery to a standing position after a fall, segmented into four postures: sitting, kneeling, squatting, and standing. Additionally, considering the significant variability of the current method (D×v water depth multiplied by flow velocity) used to assess human stability in floods, this research thoroughly investigates previously undefined parameters, including submerged volume, frontal area, wet friction coefficient, and flow resistance coefficient. This leads to the development of a physically meaningful self-rescue risk assessment formula, which is validated against previous studies for accuracy, with the aim of contributing new insights to flood risk management and public education.

Study Design Cadaveric biomechanics study. Purpose This study investigated the effects of unilateral sacroiliac joint (SIJ) fixation for fusion with/without L5–S1 fixation on contralateral SIJ range of motion (ROM). Overview of Literature SIJ fusion raises concerns that unilateral SIJ stabilization for fusion may increase contralateral SIJ mobility, leading to accelerated SIJ degeneration. Also, prior lumbosacral fixation may lead to accelerated SIJ degeneration, due to adjacent level effects. SIJ fixation biomechanics have been evaluated, showing a reduced-ROM, but SIJ fixation effects on contralateral nonfixated SIJ remain unknown. Methods Seven human lumbopelvic spines were used, each affixed to six-degrees-of-freedom testing apparatus; 8.5-Nm pure unconstrained bending moments applied in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. The ROM of left and right SIJ was measured using a motion analysis system. Each specimen tested as (1) intact, (2) injury (left), (3) L5–S1 fixation, (4) unilateral stabilization (left), (5) unilateral stabilization+L5–S1 fixation, (6) bilateral stabilization, and (7) bilateral stabilization+L5–S1 fixation. Both left-sided iliosacral and posterior ligaments were cut for injury condition to model SIJ instability before surgery. Results There were no statistical differences between fixated and contralateral nonfixated SIJ ROM following unilateral stabilization with/without L5–S1 fixation for all loading directions (p>0.930). Injured condition and L5–S1 fixation provided the largest motion increases across both joints; no significant differences were recorded between SIJs in any loading direction (p>0.850). Unilateral and bilateral stabilization with/without L5–S1 fixation reduced ROM compared with the injured condition for both SIJs, with bilateral stabilization providing maximum stability. Conclusions In the cadaveric model, unilateral SIJ stabilization with/without lumbosacral fixation did not lead to significant contralateral SIJ hypermobility; long-term changes and in vivo response may differ.

In this study, a fluorescent (FL) aptasensor was developed for on-site detection of live Salmonella typhimurium (S.T.) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V.P.). Complementary DNA (cDNA) of aptamer (Apt)-functionalized multicolor polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-perovskite quantum dots (cDNA-POSS-PQDs) were used as encoded probes and combined with dual-stirring-bar-assisted signal amplification for pathogen quantification. In this system, bar 1 was labeled with the S.T. and V.P. Apts, and then bar 2 was functionalized with cDNA-POSS-PQDs. When S.T. and V.P. were introduced, pathogen-Apt complexes would form and be released into the supernatant from bar 1. Under agitation, the two complexes reached bar 2 and subsequently reacted with cDNA-POSS-PQDs, which were immobilized on MXene. Then, the encoded probes would be detached from bar 2 to generate FL signals in the supernatant. Notably, the pathogens can resume their free state and initiate next cycle. They swim between the two bars, and the FL signals can be gradually enhanced to maximum after several cycles. The FL signals from released encoded probes can be used to detect the analytes. In particular, live pathogens can be distinguished from dead ones by using an assay. The detection limits and linear range for S.T. and V.P. were 30 and 10 CFU/mL and 102–106 CFU/mL, respectively. Therefore, this assay has broad application potential for simultaneous on-site detection of various live pathogenic bacteria in water.

Most polyp segmentation methods use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as their backbone, leading to two key issues when exchanging information between the encoder and decoder: (1) taking into account the differences in contribution between different-level features, and (2) designing an effective mechanism for fusing these features. Unlike existing CNN-based methods, we adopt a transformer encoder, which learns more powerful and robust representations. In addition, considering the image acquisition influence and elusive properties of polyps, we introduce three standard modules, including a cascaded fusion module (CFM), a camouflage identification module (CIM), and a similarity aggregation module (SAM). Among these, the CFM is used to collect the semantic and location information of polyps from high-level features; the CIM is applied to capture polyp information disguised in low-level features, and the SAM extends the pixel features of the polyp area with high-level semantic position information to the entire polyp area, thereby effectively fusing cross-level features. The proposed model, named Polyp-PVT, effectively suppresses noises in the features and significantly improves their expressive capabilities. Extensive experiments on five widely adopted datasets show that the proposed model is more robust to various challenging situations (e.g., appearance changes, small objects, and rotation) than existing representative methods. The proposed model is available at https://github.com/DengPingFan/Polyp-PVT.

The development of biological macromolecule hydrogel dressings with fatigue resistance, sufficient mechanical strength, and versatility in clinical treatment is critical for accelerating full-thickness healing of skin wounds. Therefore, in this study, multifunctional, biological macromolecule hydrogels based on a recombinant type I collagen/chitosan scaffold incorporated with a metal–polyphenol structure were fabricated to accelerate wound healing. The resulting biological macromolecule hydrogel possesses sufficient mechanical strength, fatigue resistance, and healing properties, including antibacterial, antioxygenic, self-healing, vascularization, hemostatic, and adhesive abilities. Chitosan and recombinant type I collagen formed the scaffold network, which was the first covalent crosslinking network of the hydrogel. The second physical crosslinking network comprised the coordination of a metal–polyphenol structure, i.e., Cu2+ with the catechol group of dopamine methacrylamide (DMA) and stacking of DMA benzene rings. Double-crosslinked networks are interspersed and intertwined in the hydrogel to reduce the mechanical strength and increase its fatigue resistance, making it more suitable for clinical applications. Moreover, the biological macromolecule hydrogel can continuously release Cu2+, which provides strong antibacterial and vascularization properties. An in vivo full-thickness skin defect model confirmed that multifunctional, biological macromolecule hydrogels based on a recombinant type I collagen/chitosan scaffold incorporated with a metal–polyphenol structure can facilitate the formation of granulation tissue and collagen deposition for a short period to promote wound healing. This study highlights that this biological macromolecule hydrogel is a promising acute wound-healing dressing for biomedical applications.

The use of large quantities of phosphorus-containing fertilizers has resulted in an increase in phosphorus content in the groundwater system, and phosphorus can be adsorbed on the surface of carbonate rocks, affecting their dissolution process and thus carbon sequestration and sink enhancement in carbonate rocks. Therefore, in this study, limestone was exposed to 2 mg/L and 100 mg/L phosphate solutions for 12 d through static batch adsorption experiments. The hydrochemical results showed that in 100 mg/L phosphate solution, a substitution reaction occurred to produce CaHPO4 precipitate, while the concentration of each ion in 2 mg/L phosphate solution was relatively stable and in dynamic equilibrium; combined with XRD and XPS analyses, the main mechanism of phosphate adsorption may be chemical precipitation, which is preferentially adsorbed to Ca sites on carbonate rocks, and the surface deposits are mainly CaHPO4 and a small amount of Mg2PO4(OH). The FTIR spectra were obtained in the range of 1040 cm−1–1103 cm−1 for observed phosphate vibrations, and the υ3 (asymmetric stretching) mode was more significant in the experimental group with a higher phosphate concentration. Raman spectra located near 149 cm−1 and 275 cm−1 involved Ca2+ or Mg2+ relative translations and vibrations, corroborating the FTIR spectroscopic results; a combination of XRD, XPS, FTIR, and Raman spectra confirmed that phosphate adsorption on limestone may be due to the interaction of electrostatic, chemical precipitation, and ligand exchange mechanisms. In addition, the SEM-EDS results showed that, with the combined effect of the water–rock chemical reaction and physical adsorption, metal–phosphorus phase precipitation was formed on the limestone surface, which promoted the dissolution of limestone and may have an unfavorable effect on the carbon sequestration and sinking of carbonate rocks.

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common gastrointestinal malignancies, tumor heterogeneity is the main cause of refractory CRC. Syndrome differentiation is the premise of individualized treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), but TCM syndrome lacks objective identification in CRC. This study is to investigate the correlation and significance of tumor heterogeneity and TCM syndromes classification in CRC. Methods In this study, we using scRNA-seq technology, investigate the significance of tumor heterogeneity in TCM syndromes classification on CRC. Results The results showed that 662 cells isolated from 11 primary CRC tumors are divided into 14 different cell clusters, and each cell subtype and its genes have different functions and signal transduction pathways, indicating significant heterogeneity. CRC tumor cell clusters have different proportions in Excess, Deficiency and Deficiency-Excess syndromes, and have their own characteristic genes, gene co-expression networks, gene functional interpretations as well as monocle functional evolution. Moreover, there were significant differences between the high expressions of MUC2, REG4, COL1A2, POSTN, SDPR, GPX1, ELF3, KRT8, KRT18, KRT19, FN1, SERPINE1, TCF4 and ZEB1 genes in Excess and Deficiency syndrome classification in CRC (P

The permeable brick pavement system (PBPs) is one of a widely used low impact development (LID) measures to alleviate runoff volume and pollution caused by urbanization. The performance of PBPs on decreasing runoff volume is decided by its permeability, and it was general described by hydraulic conductivity based on Darcy's law. But there is large error when using hydraulic conductivity to describe the infiltration of PBPs, and which infiltration process is not following Darcy's law, so it is important to find more accurate infiltration models to describe the infiltration of PBPs. The Horton, Philip, Green-Ampt, and Kostiakov infiltration models were selected to find an optimal model to investigate infiltration performance of PBPs via a laboratory-scale experiment, and the maximum absolute error (MAE), Bias, and coefficient of determination (R2) were selected to evaluate the models' errors via fitting with experiment data. The results showed that the fitting accuracy of Kostiakov, Philip, and Green-Ampt models was significantly affected by the monitoring area and hydraulic gradients. Meanwhile, Horton model fitted well (MAE = 0.25–0.32 cm/h, Bias = 0.07–0.11 cm/h, and R2 = 0.98–0.99) with the experiment data, and the parameters of the Horton model often can be achieved by monitoring, such as the maximum infiltration rate and the stable infiltration rate. Therefore, the Horton model is an optimal model to describe the infiltration performance of PBPs, which can also be adopted to evaluate hydrological characterization of PBPs. HIGHLIGHTS The constant and falling head monitoring methods based on Darcy's law have large error to describe the infiltration process of PBPs.; Horton model is an optimal model used to describe the infiltration process of PBPs, and fits well with experiment data.; Horton model is flexible under different compositions of PBPs, and the parameters of the Horton model are determined based on experiment data which can use for mointoring.;

Background: Previous studies have shown that Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin2 (LECT2) is associated with the development of HCC. However, there are still no studies with a comprehensive analysis of the role of LECT2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods: TCGA data sets were used to analyze the expression of LECT2 in HCC. In addition, the prognostic value of LECT2 in HCC was also investigated. DriverDBv3 was used to analyze the Mutation, CNV, and methylation profiles of LECT2. And, validated by immunohistochemistry in 72 HCC samples. The prognostic value of LECT2 and the correlation with clinicopathological features were analyzed. The GO/KEGG enrichment analysis of LECT2 co-expression and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using the R software package. The PPI interaction network was constructed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database. Immune infiltration was estimated by the XCELL, TIMER, QUANTISEQ, MCPCOUNTER, EPIC, CIBERSORT abs and CIBERSORT algorithms, and Spearman was used to analyzing their correlation with LECT2. Moreover, we analyzed the correlation of LECT2 expression with immune checkpoint molecules and HLA genes. Finally, we analyzed the IC50 values of six chemotherapeutic drugs by the pRRophetic package.Results: Reduced LECT2 expression levels found in HCC patients. Moreover, decreased levels of LECT2 were associated with poor overall survival, disease-free survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free survival. Besides, methylation was significantly associated with LECT2 expression. The functional enrichment analysis revealed that LECT2 may affect HCC progression through various pathways such as JAK/STAT signaling pathway, cell cycle, and pathways in cancer. Additionally, the results showed that LECT2 expression was negatively correlated with immune infiltration of B cells, Neutrophil, Monocyte, Cancer-associated fibroblast, and Myeloid dendritic cell, and positively correlated with T cell CD8+ naive, Endothelial cell, and Hematopoietic stem cell. LECT2 expression was negatively correlated with multiple immune checkpoint molecules and HLA genes. Chemosensitivity analysis showed that chemosensitivity was lower in the LECT2 high expression group. We validated the prognostic value of LECT2 and analysis of clinicopathological features showed a lower TNM stage in the group with high expression of LECT2.Conclusion: Low expression of LECT2 in HCC is closely associated with poor prognosis, LECT2 may have potential clinical applications due to its unique immunological effects.

Differences in the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed water (RW) and natural surface water (SW) lead to further differences in nitrogen and phosphorus release when pipeline sediments enter these water bodies. The release kinetics of nitrogen and phosphorus from pipe sediments with different particle sizes have been investigated. The results demonstrated that both SW and RW had a pH buffering effect after sediment addition, and the final pH (approximately 8.1) of RW was lower. The release of total phosphorus (TP) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) fitted the first-order kinetic model in which the release of TP reached equilibrium. TP release was inhibited in both SW and RW, with RW exhibiting the lowest (by a factor of 1.23~2.44) release (0.002 mg/g). The release of NH4+-N was promoted in both SW and RW; the maximum release in RW was 0.0188 mg/g. The amounts of NH4+-N released in SW and RW were 1.02–1.40 and 1.30–1.80 times that of the control group (CG), respectively. The percentage of TP and NH4+-N release in the three groups was highest in 75–154 μm pipe sediment, reaching 34.53% and 43.51% in SW and RW, respectively. These results can assist in the development of water quality evolution models for specific urban scenarios and provide important guidance for the precise regulation of water recharge quality during and after rainfall.

The detection of malicious encrypted traffic is an important part of modern network security research. The producers of the current malware do not pay attention to the fact that malicious encrypted traffic can also be detected; they do not construct further adversarial malicious encrypted traffic to deceive existing malicious encrypted traffic detection methods. However, with the increasing confrontation between attack and defense, adversarial malicious encrypted traffic samples will appear gradually, which will make the existing malicious encrypted traffic detection methods obsolete. In this paper, an adversarial malicious encrypted traffic detection method based on refined session analysis (ADRSA) is proposed. The key ideas of this method are: (1) interpretability analysis is used to extract malicious traffic features that are not easily affected by encryption, (2) restoration technology is used to further improve traffic separability, and (3) a deep neural network is used to identify adversarial malicious encrypted traffic. In experimental tests, the ADRSA method could accurately detect malicious encrypted traffic, particularly adversarial malicious encrypted traffic, and the detection rate is more than 95%. However, the detection rate of other malicious encrypted traffic detection methods is almost zero when facing adversarial malicious encrypted traffic. The detection performance of ADRSA exceeds that of the most popular detection methods.

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) carried by bi-photon entangled Airy beams in unstable oceanic turbulence is theoretically investigated. The analytical expression of the spatial coherence radius of a spherical wave in the unstable stratification oceanic turbulence is derived to obtain the relative detection probability of bi-photon entangled Airy beams. The relative detection probability of OAM carried by bi-photon entangled Airy beams acquires significant enhancements—up to 62% compared to the same measurement for the single photon system over a distance of 100 m. Lower-order bi-photon entangled Airy beams with larger wavelengths, and main ring radius are less affected by oceanic turbulence. A larger main ring radius also contributes to reducing the fluctuations in detection probability. Oceanic turbulence dominated by salinity fluctuations induces more adverse effects on the OAM, as well as a stronger strength of the turbulence.

In groundwater systems, heavy metal ions as solutes (e.g., Pb) can adsorb onto the surface of calcite group rocks and influence their dissolution processes. The dolomite surface was examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and various characterization tools and the changes in water chemistry indexes were reviewed throughout the dissolution process. Pb adsorption on the dolomite surface was evident after 15 days of exposure to 1 mg/L or 50 mg/L divalent Pb salt solutions; the Pb surface phase was mainly PbCO3 with an octahedral ligand structure. SEM images show that dolomite in divalent Pb salt solutions can lead to the surface morphology exhibiting curved dissolution steps. In the closed system with Pb (1 mg/L), the total alkalinity and conductivity of the solution were lower than in the Pb-free system, and the pH difference was slight, indicating that the dibasic metal ion Pb inhibited the dolomite dissolution process. Combined with the composition of the final solid phase, it is suggested that the dolomite surface preferentially adsorbs Pb2+ on the active sites and that the newly grown solid phase is PbCO3 possesses an octahedral ligand structure. Part of the surface-active site is occupied, resulting in a change in the dissolution profile, and thus preventing further development of the dissolution profile. Ultimately, the entire dolomite surface area is prevented from dissolution. The results of this study suggest that Pb2+ may be an effective inhibitor of dolomite dissolution and may help to further refine the geological carbon sink.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to explore the value of preoperative ultrasonography (US) in evaluating the peritoneal cancer index (PCI) of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). Methods An ultrasound examination was performed on 59 patients with PMP before surgery, and the ultrasound PCI was evaluated. The accuracy of ultrasound PCI score was evaluated with the surgical PCI score as the gold standard. Results The preoperative ultrasound PCI was compared with the surgical PCI. The Spearman correlation coefficient of the total PCI score was 0.608 (P 20%) was concentrated mainly in areas 2 and 4–8 for 2 points, and underestimation (

Abstract Background Only a paucity of large-scale perspective and cross-sectional studies on H. pylori infection in China have been published. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for H. pylori infection among residents of Jidong community located in Hebei Province of China. Methods A perspective, cross-sectional study was conducted in Jidong community. Questionnaires and 13C-urea breath test were performed, and 10-ml blood samples were obtained for laboratory tests. Results Four thousand seven hundred ninety-six subjects were enrolled in this study, and 2506 (52.25%) were H. pylori positive. There was no difference in prevalence between both sexes (P = 0.5974). Age (P = 0.004) and education level (P = 0.0128) were significantly associated with H. pylori infection, and there were statistical trends in the prevalence across five age subgroups (χ2 test for trend = 23.5; P

Purpose. To investigate a novel computed method to reconstruct the bilateral digital interarticular channel of atlas and its potential use on the anterior upper cervical screw fixation. Methods. We have used the reverse engineering software (image-processing software and computer-aided design software) to create the approximate and optimal digital interarticular channel of atlas for 60 participants. Angles of channels, diameters of inscribed circles, long and short axes of ellipses were measured and recorded, and gender-specific analysis was also performed. Results. The channels provided sufficient space for one or two screws, and the parameters of channels are described. While the channels of females were smaller than that of males, no significant difference of angles between males and females were observed. Conclusion. Our study demonstrates the radiological features of approximate digital interarticular channels, optimal digital interarticular channels of atlas, and provides the reference trajectory of anterior transarticular screws and anterior occiput-to-axis screws. Additionally, we provide a protocol that can help make a pre-operative plan for accurate placement of anterior transarticular screws and anterior occiput-to-axis screws.

The title compound, C17H16N3O+·PF6−, is a chiral bicyclic 1,2,4-triazolium salt. In the crystal packing, C—H...O and C—H...F hydrogen bonds and P—F...π contacts [4.078 (11)–4.163 (11) Å, involving the triazolium ring] play an important role in enhancing the stability of the crystal structure.

In the title compound, C12H14N2O, the middle C atom in the propanol chain is a chiral center and possesses an S absolute configuration, according to the synthesis. In the crystal structure, intermolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a chain along the b axis.