Search

In order to overcome the problems of poor real-time performance, high false alarm rate and underreport alarm rate of mine external fire monitoring, a method of fire monitoring using the fusion of visible visual features is proposed.Firstly, the visual features corresponding to the video images of fire sources in different monitoring environments are analyzed, and the extraction methods of fire source texture, sharp corners, similarity coefficient and flicker frequency are designed.Then, an improved seed region growth algorithm is used to segment the suspected fire area, and different feature extraction methods are used to calculate the dynamic and static characteristics of the suspected fire area.Secondly, the extracted dynamic and static features are used to construct fire feature vectors.Finally, a fire monitoring model using BP neural network is constructed, and monitoring model is verified.The results show that the proposed fire monitoring method can effectively detect mine external fire in different scenes and distances.The correct rate and detection rate are 98.60% and 99.06%, respectively, the false detection rate is as low as 2.00%.It has strong anti-interference ability and robustness.

The complex working environment of mine leads to the degradation of the infrared image. The existing infrared image enhancement algorithm is easy to lose the scene details or causes the target edge blur while improving the signal-to-noise ratio and contrast. In order to solve the above problems, a mine infrared image enhancement algorithm based on dual domain decomposition coupling improved Gaussian Laplacian (ILoG) factor and contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) (ILoG-CLAHE) is proposed. Firstly, the dual domain decomposition model is used to decompose the mine infrared image into a detailed sub-images containing high-frequency information and a basic sub-images containing low-frequency information. Secondly, the CLAHE algorithm is used to improve the brightness, contrast and definition of the basic sub-images to highlight the general features of the monitoring scene. The constructed ILoG operator is used to suppress noise and sharpen edges of detail sub-images and eliminate gradient inversion. Thirdly, the reconstructed image with improved image quality is obtained through the basic sub-image and detail sub-image after reconstruction processing. Finally, a Gamma correction function of gray level redistribution is designed to adjust the brightness of the reconstructed image. The mine infrared-enhanced image is obtained. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed by subjective vision and objective indicators. The results show that the overall visual effect and objective index of the mine infrared image enhanced by the mine infrared image enhancement algorithm based on dual domain and ILoG-CLAHE have been greatly improved. The comprehensive enhancement performance and robustness are better. Compared with the original mine infrared image and the six comparison algorithms, the comprehensive evaluation index values of this algorithm are increased by 0.28, 0.11, 0.23, 0.38, 0.57, 0.04, and 0.10 respectively. The six algorithms include CLAHE algorithm, bilateral filtering(BF) decomposition and CLAHE enhancement of basic sub-images (BF-CLAHE) algorithm, BF decomposition and Gamma transform (BF-Gamma) algorithm, guided filtering and Gamma transform (GF-Gamma) algorithm, adaptive histogram equalization(AHE) coupled Laplacian transform (AHE-LP) algorithm, and un-sharp mask(UM) based layer fusion (LF-UM) algorithm. The brightness, clarity and contrast of images are greatly improved, and noise suppression and edge sharpening are realized. It shows that the algorithm is suitable for the enhancement of infrared images in the complex working environment of mine.

Comprehensive Summary Single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) are crucial in disease development, but their accurate detection is challenging due to their low abundance and interference from wild‐type targets. Although nucleic acid analogs like peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have been used for SNV detection, they often lack programmable sensitivity and specificity due to poorly calculated thermodynamics and kinetics. Here, we present a computational method for calculating the stacking energy of PNA and DNA hybrids, leveraging nearest neighbor parameters. Validation against experimental data from 16 sequences under varied hybridization conditions yielded good agreement using Bland‐Altman analysis, with all data points falling within the confidence interval. Our findings indicate that PNA‐DNA hybridization is thermodynamically more stable and exhibits kinetics 140‐fold faster than DNA‐DNA hybridization for identical sequences. Utilizing this computational framework, we designed PNA toehold probes, which were screened via simulations and experiments. This combined approach facilitated the identification of highly sensitive and specific PNA toehold probes for single point mutation detection via strand displacement reaction. Our results demonstrate the successful application of PNA toehold probes for detecting point mutations with high sensitivity and specificity, achieving a selective amplification of approximately 200‐fold for variants with a variant allele frequency (VAF) of 0.5% using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting low‐frequency DNA mutations hotspots cluster is critical for cancer diagnosis but remains challenging. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is constrained by sensitivity, and allele‐specific PCR is restricted by throughput. Here we develop a long blocker displacement amplification (LBDA) coupled with qPCR for ultrasensitive and multiplexed variants detection. By designing long blocker oligos to perfectly match wildtype sequences while mispairing with mutants, long blockers enable 14–44 nt enrichment regions which is 2‐fold longer than normal BDA in the experiments. For wild template with a specific nucleotide, LBDA can detect different mutation types down to 0.5 % variant allele frequency (VAF) in one reaction, with median enrichment fold of 1,000 on 21 mutant DNA templates compared to the wild type. We applied LBDA‐qPCR to detect KRAS and NRAS mutation hotspots, utilizing a single plex assay capable of covering 81 mutations and tested in synthetic templates and colorectal cancer tissue samples. Moreover, the mutation types were verified through Sanger sequencing, demonstrating concordance with results obtained from next generation sequencing. Overall, LBDA‐qPCR provides a simple yet ultrasensitive approach for multiplexed detection of low VAF mutations hotspots, presenting a powerful tool for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cattle detection and counting is one of the most important topics in the development of modern agriculture and animal husbandry. The traditional manual monitoring methods are inefficient and constrained by factors such as site. To solve the above problems, a SCS-YOLOv5 cattle detection and counting model for complex breeding scenarios is proposed. The original SPPF module is replaced in the YOLOv5 backbone network with a CSP structured SPPFCSPC. A CA (Coordinate Attention) mechanism is added to the neck network, as well as the SC (Standard Convolution) of the Neck network is replaced with a light convolution GSConv and Slim Neck is introduced, and training strategies such as multi-scale training are also employed. The experimental results show that the proposed method enhances the feature extraction ability and feature fusion ability, balances the localization accuracy and detection speed, and improves the use effect in real farming scenarios. The Precision of the improved network model is improved from 93.2% to 95.5%, mAP@0.5 is improved from 94.5% to 95.2%, the RMSE is reduced by about 0.03, and the FPS reaches 88. Compared with other mainstream algorithms, the comprehensive performance of SCS-YOLOv5 s is in a leading position, with fewer missed and false detections, and the strong robustness and generalization ability of this model are proved on multi-category public datasets. Applying the improvement ideas in this paper to YOLOv8 s also yields an increase in accuracy. The improved method in this study can greatly improve the accuracy of cattle detection and counting in complex environments, and has good real-time performance, so as to provide technical support for large-scale cattle breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]