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In the of local fan for mine fan switch, it’s easy to have a short stop wind that cause the safe production of gas concentration transfinite problem. In order to avoid the phenomenon of air volume suspension caused by fan switching, according to the principle of constant air volume switching, the intelligent switching control system of local fan with constant air volume is studied. By using the principle of constant air volume feedback fuzzy regulation control, a new intelligent remote control system of mine local fan and an intelligent monitoring device of ZFJ1140 local fan are developed. It realizes the remote and real-time monitoring of constant air volume and fan running parameters in the process of fan switching. The aerodynamic performance test was carried out in four places: the air inlet, the air inlet, the air inlet and the air outlet of the collector. The results show that the aerodynamic performance of the fan is good, and the total pressure efficiency of the fan fluctuates in the range of 82.5%-85%. The application of ZFJ1140 local fan in 1010 auxiliary roadway of No.1 Coal mine of Shaanxi Coal Huangling Mining Group shows that the variation of roadway air volume is controlled within 8.89% during the air volume switching period. Compared with the traditional local fan switching mode, the constant air volume switching function of the intelligent local fan effectively ensures that the gas concentration in the roadway is maintained in a safe range during the air volume switching process.

Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne vascular disease caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae. It causes great harm to upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield and quality. A previous study has shown that Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) exerts strong inhibitory activity against V. dahliae in vitro. In the current study, we introduced the HEWL gene into cotton through the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and the exogenous HEWL protein was successfully expressed in cotton. Our study revealed that HEWL was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of V. dahlia in cotton. Consequently, the overexpression of HEWL effectively improved the resistance to Verticillium wilt in transgenic cotton. In addition, ROS accumulation and NO content increased rapidly after the V. dahliae inoculation of plant leaves overexpressing HEWL. In addition, the expression of the PR genes was significantly up-regulated. Taken together, our results suggest that HEWL significantly improves resistance to Verticillium wilt by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungus, triggering ROS burst, and activating PR genes expression in cotton.

Bat plasminogen activators α2 (DSPAα2) has extremely high medicinal value as a powerful natural thrombolytic protein. However, wild-type DSPAα2 has two N-glycosylation sites (N185 and N398) and its non-human classes of high-mannose-type N-glycans may cause immune responses in vivo. By mutating the N-glycosylation sites, we aimed to study the effect of its N-glycan chain on plasminogen activation, fibrin sensitivity, and to observe the physicochemical properties of DSPAα2. A logical structure design was performed in this study. Four single mutants and one double mutant were constructed and expressed in Pichia pastoris. When the N398 site was eliminated, the plasminogen activator in the mutants had their activities reduced to ~40%. When the N185 site was inactivated, there was a weak decrease in the plasminogen activation of its mutant, while the fibrin sensitivity significantly decreased by ~10-fold. Neither N-glycosylation nor deglycosylation mutations changed the pH resistance or heat resistance of DSPAα2. This study confirms that N-glycosylation affects the biochemical function of DSPAα2, which provides a reference for subsequent applications of DSPAα2.

Abstract Background N-glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications. Many studies have shown that N-glycosylation has a significant effect on the secretion level of heterologous glycoproteins in yeast cells. However, there have been few studies reporting a clear and unified explanation for the intracellular mechanism that N-glycosylation affect the secretion of heterologous glycoproteins so far. Pichia pastoris is an important microbial cell factory producing heterologous protein. It is of great significance to study the effect of N-glycosylation on the secretion level of heterologous protein. Camel chymosin is a glycoprotein with higher application potential in cheese manufacturing industry. We have expressed camel prochymosin in P. pastoris GS115, but the lower secretion level limits its industrial application. This study attempts to increase the secretion level of prochymosin through N-glycosylation, and explore the molecular mechanism of N-glycosylation affecting secretion. Results Adding an N-glycosylation site at the 34th amino acid of the propeptide of prochymosin significantly increased its secretion in P. pastoris. N-glycosylation improved the thermostability of prochymosin without affecting the enzymatic activity. Immunoprecipitation coupled to mass spectrometry (IP-MS) analysis showed that compared with the wild prochymosin (chy), the number of proteins interacting with N-glycosylated mutant (chy34) decreased, and all differential interacting proteins (DIPs) were down-regulated in chy34-GS115 cell. The DIPs in endoplasmic reticulum were mainly concentrated in the misfolded protein pathway. Among the five DIPs in this pathway, overexpression of BiP significantly increased the secretion of chy. The knockout of the possible misfolded protein recognition elements, UDP-glycose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 and 2 (UGGT1/2) had no effect on the growth of yeast cells and the secretion of prochymosin. Conclusions In conclusion, N-glycosylation increased the secretion of prochymosin in P. pastoris trough the adjustment of intracellular interacted proteins. The results of our study may help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of N-glycosylation affecting secretion and provide a new research method to improve the secretion of heterologous glycoprotein in P. pastoris.

Chemical nitrogen fertilizer can maintain crop productivity, but overuse of chemical nitrogen fertilizers leads to economic costs and environmental pollution. One approach to reduce use of nitrogen fertilizers is to transfer nitrogenase biosynthetic pathway to non-legume plants. Fe protein encoded by nifH and MoFe protein encoded by nifD and nifK are two structural components of nitrogenase. NifB encoded by nifB is a critical maturase that catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of nitrogenase FeMo-cofactor that binds and reduces N2. Expression of the nifB, nifH, nifD and nifK is essential to generate plants that are able to fix atmospheric N2. In this study, the four genes (nifB, nifH, nifD and nifK) from Paenibacillu polymyxaWLY78 were assembled in plant expression vector pCAMBIA1301 via Cre/LoxP recombination system, yielding the recombinant expression vector pCAMBIA1301-nifBHDK. Then, the four nif genes carried in the expression vector were co-introduced into upland cotton R15 using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Homozygous transgenic cotton lines B2, B5 and B17 of T3 generation were selected by PCR and RT-PCR. qRT-PCR showed that nifB, nifH, nifD and nifK were co-expressed in the transgenic cottons at similar levels. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that NifB, NifH, NifD and NifK were co-produced in the transgenic cottons. Co-expression of the four critical Nif proteins (NifB, NifH, NifD and NifK) in cottons represents an important step in engineering nitrogenase biosynthetic pathway to non-legume plants.

As global health care demand continues to increase, medicinal plant productivity must progress without exhausting critical environmental resources. Hence, it is important to explore practices that can improve the quality, safety, and sustainability of medicinal plants, as well as ecological stability. Organic farming has recently gained significance as a sustainable cultivation alternative owing to increased awareness of the adverse effects of conventional cultivation method. Here, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of organic farming as a solution for sustainable cultivation of medicinal plants from multiple perspectives and long-term benefits to the environment. Organic agricultural practices of medicinal plants were evaluated from a multi-dimensional perspective (environment, economy, and society) using extensive research data and literature and field surveys. Data from medicinal plant cultivation in Inner Mongolia were acquired for 76 sites from four data stations between 2014 and 2021. Data analysis revealed that organic medicinal plants can improve safety by reducing pesticide exposure risks. Simultaneously, organic agriculture of medicinal plants can improve biodiversity by effectively reducing pesticide and fertilizer use, which also provides natural safe products for health care. With the improvement of quality, the retail price will have a certain advantage, which will improve the income of farmers. Moreover, organic agriculture enhanced profitability because of the higher organic premium on medicinal plant products and improved ecosystem stability by increasing plant diversity. The findings of this study suggest that organic cultivation strategies can improve the quality and safety of medicinal plants and further provide a basis for promoting the sustainable development and ecological stability of medicinal plants. However, not all medicinal plant cultivators are guaranteed to adopt organic farming practices, but if all technological elements are correctly applied, the system can be maintained sustainably to expand the area of organically cultivated plants in the future.

Drought stress often occurred in citrus to limit its growth, distribution, and fruit quality. Cuticular waxes play an important role in regulating plant tolerance to drought stress. Plant enoyl-CoA reductase (ECR) is involved in the biosynthesis of cuticular waxes and catalyzes the last step of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) elongation. In this study, a putative ECR gene, named CsECR, was cloned from “Newhall” navel orange. CsECR protein has high identities with other plant ECR proteins and contained a conserved NADP/NAD-binding motif and three conserved functional sites. The highest expression of CsECR was observed in leaves, followed by stems, flavedos, ovaries, juice sacs, stigmas, stamens, albedos, and petals. Besides, the expression of CsECR was significantly induced by PEG6000 and ABA treatments. Ectopic overexpression of CsECR increased the contents of total waxes and aliphatic wax fractions (n-fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, n-alkanes, alkenes, iso-, and anteiso-alkanes) in the leaves and fruits of the transgenic tomato. Furthermore, ectopic overexpression of CsECR reduced the cuticle permeability in the leaves and fruits of the transgenic tomato and increased its tolerance to drought stress. Taken together, our results revealed that CsECR plays an important role in plant response to drought stresses by regulating cuticular wax biosynthesis.

Abstract The relationship between air temperature and the hospital admission of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was analyzed. The hospitalization data pertaining to adult CAP patients (age ≥ 18 years) in two tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China from 2014 to 2018 and meteorological data there in the corresponding period were collected. The exposure–response relationship between the daily average temperature and the hospital admission of adult CAP patients was quantified by using a distributed lag non-linear model. A total of 4466 cases of adult patients with CAP were admitted. After eliminating some confounding factors such as relative humidity, wind speed, air pressure, long-term trend, and seasonal trend, a lower temperature was found to be associated with a higher risk of adult CAP. Compared to 21 °C, lower temperature range of 4 to –12 °C was associated with a greater number of CAP hospitalizations among those aged ≥ 65 years, and the highest relative risk (RR) was 2.80 (95% CI 1.15–6.80) at a temperature of − 10 °C. For those

Xanthophyll is an oxidated version of carotenoid. It presents significant value to the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries due to its specific antioxidant activity and variety of colors. Chemical processing and conventional extraction from natural organisms are still the main sources of xanthophyll. However, the current industrial production model can no longer meet the demand for human health care, reducing petrochemical energy consumption and green sustainable development. With the swift development of genetic metabolic engineering, xanthophyll synthesis by the metabolic engineering of model microorganisms shows great application potential. At present, compared to carotenes such as lycopene and β-carotene, xanthophyll has a relatively low production in engineering microorganisms due to its stronger inherent antioxidation, relatively high polarity, and longer metabolic pathway. This review comprehensively summarized the progress in xanthophyll synthesis by the metabolic engineering of model microorganisms, described strategies to improve xanthophyll production in detail, and proposed the current challenges and future efforts needed to build commercialized xanthophyll-producing microorganisms.

DSPAα1 is a potent rude thrombolytic protein with high medicative value. DSPAα1 has two natural N-glycan sites (N153Q-S154-S155, N398Q-K399-T400) that may lead to immune responses when administered in vivo. We aimed to study the effect of its N-glycosylation sites on DSPAα1 in vitro and in vivo by mutating these N-glycosylation sites. In this experiment, four single mutants and one double mutant were predicted and expressed in Pichia pastoris. When the N398Q-K399-T400 site was mutated, the fibrinolytic activity of the mutant was reduced by 75%. When the N153Q-S154-S155 sites were inactivated as described above, the plasminogen activating activity of its mutant was reduced by 40%, and fibrin selectivity was significantly reduced by 21-fold. The introduction of N-glycosylation on N184-G185-A186T and K368N-S369-S370 also considerably reduced the activity and fibrin selectivity of DSPAα1. The pH tolerance and thermotolerance of all mutants did not change significantly. In vivo experiments also confirmed that N-glycosylation mutations can reduce the safety of DSPAα1, lead to prolonged bleeding time, non-physiological reduction of coagulation factor (α2-AP, PAI) concentration, and increase the risk of irregular bleeding. This study ultimately demonstrated the effect of N-glycosylation mutations on the activity and safety of DSPAα1.

Abstract Background Chitosan supplementation has been shown to modulate glycemic levels; however, studies have reported conflicting results. The present meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis was conducted to verify the overall influence of chitosan on glycemic levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods The PubMed, Cochrane library, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled studies of chitosan intake and glycemic levels. Results A total of ten clinical trials including 1473 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled effect sizes were determined by random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed to analyze the sources of heterogeneity and their influence on the overall results. The results revealed a significant reduction in fasting glucose levels (SMD: − 0.39 mmol/L, 95% CI: − 0.62 to − 0.16) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (SMD: -1.10; 95% CI: − 2.15 to − 0.06) following chitosan supplementation but no effect on insulin levels (SMD: − 0.20 pmol/L, 95% CI: − 0.64 to 0.24). Subgroup analyses further demonstrated significant reductions in fasting glucose levels in subjects administered 1.6–3 g of chitosan per day and in studies longer than 13 weeks. Trial sequential analysis of the pooled results of the hypoglycemic effect demonstrated that the cumulative Z-curve crossed both the conventional boundary and trial sequential monitoring boundary for glucose and HbA1c. Conclusions The glucose level of patients who are diabetic and obese/overweight can be improved by supplementation with chitosan for at least 13 weeks at 1.6–3 g per day. Additional clinical research data are needed to confirm the role of chitosan, particularly in regulating glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin.

Objective: We introduced meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) into the evidence-based evaluation of the efficacy of the Mongolian medicine formula Gurigumu for liver diseases as an evidence-based medicine approach to identify the problems in the modernization process of Mongolian medicine. Methods: Randomized controlled trials of Gurigumu formulae for liver diseases were collected from several bibliographic databases by combining subject words and free words. The Cochrane Collaboration Network Bias Risk Assessment Tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies included in the analysis. RevMan software (version 5.3) was used to evaluate the total effective rate; other outcome indicators including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels underwent meta-analysis and subgroup analysis before and after treatment. TSA was used for the sequential analysis of total efficiency to verify the stability of the results. Results: Fifteen randomized controlled trials involving 1188 patients were included in the analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the Gurigumu formulae had potential effects for liver disease in the total effective rate, ALT, AST, TG, and TC. Further, the total effective rate was were found to be stable via TSA verification. Conclusion: This study determined the potential impact of Gurigumu formulae on liver diseases. Through the process of evidence-based research, key problems in the experimental design of Mongolian medicine and in the clinical methods were identified. The results introduce a new direction for the construction and improvement of a modern Mongolian medical system.

Cistanche deserticola Ma was used as a medicine food homology, which was mainly produced in the Alxa region of northwest China. In recent years, it has been widely used in various food items. The increasing demand for Cistanches Herba has led to problems such as overexploitation and quality deterioration. The quality and safety of herbal medicines are critical and have been shown to be affected by the value chain (VC). Using the VC framework, the study is embedded in a larger study aiming to investigate the effects of different VCs types on the quality and stakeholders of Cistanches Herba. In this study, 90 Cistanches Herba samples were collected during fieldwork. An additional 40 samples were obtained from the herbal markets and medicine purchasing stations. Semi-structured interviews and key informant interviews were performed to collect data on stakeholders in major production areas. These samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with the k-means clustering method; a targeted quality assessment strategy based on chemical analysis was adopted to understand the quality of Cistanches Herba. Based on market research, the collected samples were divided into different grades through k-means clustering analysis. Moreover, quality differences of Cistanches Herba in Alxa region were explored through DNA barcoding and chemical analysis. Accordingly, 10 different types of VCs were determined in the production of Cistanches Herba. The results show that there is a close relationship between the quality of Cistanches Herba and stakeholder benefits. Vertical integration at different levels was found for independent farmer-based VCs, horizontal collaboration was found in the cooperative-based VCs. The vertical coordination has led to a more consistent traceability system and strict regulation of supply chains. At the same time, the Cistanches Herba were divided into three grades. Through DNA barcoding and chemical analysis, we found that the quality differences between Cistanches Herba in the Alxa area were not significant. It was found that geographical suitability and vertical integration could impact the quality and sustainable production of Cistanches Herba. At the same time, the well-developed VCs can provide products with reliable quality, and ensure adequate financial revenue for relevant stakeholders.

Glehniae Radix (GR) is one of the major medicinal materials in China. The global demand for GR, especially in Asian countries, is constantly increasing, and the supply of wild medicinal materials falls short of the demand. Previous studies have shown that the production and processing modes of different value chains (VCs) impact the quality of medicinal materials. After 4 years of field and market research, this study includes interviews with stakeholders in the VCs, integrates different types of VCs, and further analyzes the VCs. GR characteristics were also assessed; the length and upper-middle diameter of the collected samples were measured, and the effective components of the samples were determined to rank the GR samples according to their quality. The effective components were further analyzed by the K-means clustering method. Concomitantly, the local price (the sales price of the place where the medicinal materials are produced) and market price (the sale price of medicinal materials in the market) of GR in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, and Anguo, Hebei, were documented, and the ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) method was used to predict the GR price. Ten VCs are summarized in this article. The results showed that the income of the staff at the beginning of the VC is inadequate. Regarding GR origin, Inner Mongolia GR showed higher quality than that of other areas. As a result, the price of medicinal materials is relatively high, which corresponds to the market price of the survey. The forecast results showed that the market price of GR would increase slightly in the future, which could provide reference for the selection of medicinal materials cultivation in the future. Through the study, it was found that the vertical integration in the VCs of GR could guarantee not only the benefit of the growers but also the traceability of the medicinal materials, which further guarantees the quality of the medicinal materials. However, the complex relationship between the cultivation area and the quality of the medicinal materials is not clear, which should be addressed in future research.

Cuticular wax is closely related to plant resistance to abiotic stress. 3-Ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) wax precursors. In this study, a novel KCS family gene was isolated from Newhall navel orange and subsequently named CsKCS6. The CsKCS6 protein has two main domains that belong to the thiolase-like superfamily, the FAE1-CUT1-RppA and ACP_syn_III_C domains, which exist at amino acid positions 80–368 and 384–466, respectively. CsKCS6 was expressed in all tissues, with the highest expression detected in the stigma; in addition, the transcription of CsKCS6 was changed in response to drought stress, salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Heterologous expression of CsKCS6 in Arabidopsis significantly increased the amount of VLCFAs in the cuticular wax on the stems and leaves, but there were no significant changes in total wax content. Compared with that of the wild-type (WT) plants, the leaf permeability of the transgenic plants was lower. Further research showed that, compared with the WT plants, the transgenic lines experienced less water loss and ion leakage after dehydration stress, displayed increased survival under drought stress treatment and presented significantly longer root lengths and survival under salt stress treatment. Our results indicate that CsKCS6 not only plays an important role in the synthesis of fatty acid precursors involved in wax synthesis but also enhances the tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants to abiotic stress. Thus, the identification of CsKSC6 could help to increase the abiotic stress tolerance of Citrus in future breeding programs.

Abstract Background To further explore characteristics of myopia and changes in factors associated with myopia among students at Inner Mongolia Medical University. Methods Two cross-sectional censuses were conducted in 2011 and 2013. Participants were medical students residing on campus in 2011 and 2013. Logistic regression analysis was performed to ascertain associations with basic information, genetic factors, environmental factors. The χ2 test was used to test for differences in prevalence between 2011 and 2013. Prevalence was calculated at various myopia occurrence times among different parental myopia statuses. Results A total of 11,138 students enrolled from 2007 to 2012 completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of myopia in 2011 and 2013 was 70.50% and 69.21%, respectively, no statistically significant difference existed between the two censuses (p = 0.12). Both censuses were completed by 1015 students. There were no differences among the various year of study in 2011 or 2013. Myopic prevalence increased with an increased number of myopic parents: the prevalence if both parents were myopic was over 90%, nearly 80% if one parent was myopic, and less than 70% with non-myopic parents (p

Objectives: A major goal of our study was to identify the associations between lifestyle factors and obesity in adolescents and young adults at risk by surveying students in Inner Mongolia Medical University. A second goal was to determine these factors differed by gender. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Students grade 1-3 in Inner Mongolia Medical University. Participants: 5471 grade 1-3 medical students, composed of 3891 female and 1580 male students. Students with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 were defined as overweight. Results: BMI for male students was 22.1±2.9 and 21.2±2.2 for female students. The prevalence of overweight was 7.6%, with the prevalence being higher for male students compared with females, urban higher than rural and being an only child higher than having sibling children. For male students, urban residence was a risk factor, while for female students being an only child and staying up at night were risk factors, with physical activity a protective factor. A dose-dependency relationship was found between physical fitness and overweight prevalence. Conclusions: This study shows that being an only child and resident in an urban area are risk factors; staying up late and lack of physical activities increased the risk of being overweight. BMI was associated with declines in physical fitness. Our study provides more insight into adolescent obesity problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]