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This article, published in the journal Neuropediatrics, discusses the treatment response in children with relapsing MOG-associated disease (MOGAD). The study evaluated the use of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) compared to other therapies in children with relapsing disease course. The results showed that the annual relapse rate (ARR) was lower in all treatment groups compared to no treatment, with the lowest ARR observed in patients treated with IVIG alone. The study suggests that IVIG may have a favorable treatment effect in relapsing MOGAD, but further research is needed to determine the optimal treatment. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Neuropediatrics, examines the outcome and brain volume changes over time in children with MOG-encephalitis (MOG-E), a rare clinical phenotype of MOGAD. The study included 21 children with MOG-E, who presented with symptoms such as encephalopathy, headache, focal neurological signs, seizures, or CSF pleocytosis. The results showed that the majority of children had a good clinical outcome, with resolution of MRI changes and decreasing MOG antibodies over time. However, brain volumetry measurements indicated a decrease in whole brain volume, particularly in gray matter, after onset. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Neuropediatrics, explores the differences between prepubertal and (post)pubertal children with multiple sclerosis (MS) in terms of clinical, laboratory, and imaging features. The study included 248 MS patients from various European pediatric hospitals who were diagnosed before the age of 18. The results showed that prepubertal children had an equal distribution of MS between sexes, while postpubertal children had a higher prevalence in females. Prepubertal children also had more relapses in the first two years and a different range of MRI features compared to (post)pubertal children. Overall, the findings suggest both similarities and differences between the two age groups in terms of MS characteristics. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Neuropediatrics, discusses the use of A20 (TNFAIP3) as a potential biomarker to distinguish relapse from remission in pediatric patients with monophasic MOGAD (MOG-IgG-associated disorders). MOGAD is a type of acquired demyelinating syndrome associated with antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. The study found that A20 levels were significantly lower during clinical events compared to remission in monophasic MOGAD patients. However, there was no significant difference in A20 levels between clinical events and remission in multiphasic MOGAD patients. The authors suggest that further research is needed to investigate the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of A20 in pediatric MOGAD patients. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Neuropediatrics, examines the significance of intrathecal IgM synthesis and the MRZ reaction in pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS). The study included 75 children with MS and analyzed their clinical presentation, MR imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. The results showed that intrathecal IgM synthesis and a positive MRZ reaction were present in a significant portion of the children, but they were not associated with markers of disease progression such as the presence of spinal cord lesions, total lesion load, and relapse rate. This suggests that these features may not be predictive of a poor prognosis in pediatric MS. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the CNS. An intrathecal IgM synthesis is associated with a more rapid progression of MS and the intrathecal immune response to measles -, rubella -and varicella zoster virus (MRZR) which, if present, increases the likelihood of a diagnosis of MS in adults., Objective: To evaluate the frequency of an intrathecal IgM synthesis and MRZR in children with MS. MethodsChildren with MS and a data set including clinical and treatment history, MRI at onset, in addition to a CSF analysis, and determination of antibody index (AI) of measles, rubella, and zoster antibodies, were eligible. The presence of an intrathecal IgM synthesis and/or a positive MRZ reaction were compared to biomarkers of a more progressive disease course., Results: In 75 children with MS, OCBs were present in 93.3 %). 49,2 % experienced their first relapse within 6 months. 50.7 % had a total lesion load of more than 10 lesions in the first brain MRI. Spinal lesions were identified in 64 %. 23.5 % had a positive MRZR and 40.3 % an intrathecal IgM synthesis. No significant associations were detected between the presence of an intrathecal IgM synthesis and MRZR and parameters including the relapse rate in the first two years., Conclusion: An intrathecal IgM synthesis and a positive MRZR are found in a subset of MS children but are not associated with markers associated with a poor prognosis., (© 2024 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)