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Although all cities in China have promulgated public transportation control measures to choke off the spread of COVID-19, it also has brought severe changes to low-income individuals' bus traveling. However, the study focusing on satisfaction differences in bus traveling before and after COVID-19 is far under-researched, this paper therefore explored satisfaction differences among low-income individuals under socioeconomic attributes, traveling attributes, and psychological attributes by using the data consist of interviews addressed to 930 individuals in Taiyuan, China. Furthermore, the relationship between satisfaction levels and modes of traveling alone and traveling with companions by bus has also been deeply analyzed to reduce single-person driving problem. As a result, many exciting phenomena were discovered: the significant factors affecting low-income individuals' satisfaction occur "shift" on a large scale after COVID-19; risk concern has a significant positive impact on risk perception, but risk concern and risk perception have only a minor impact on satisfaction before and after COVID-19; it was found that there is a significant relationship between satisfaction levels and modes of traveling alone and traveling with companions by bus. Understanding them can be a reference for improving the travel environment between low-income individuals.

The color of sugarcane juice has a great influence on the preferences of consumers. The contents of pigments, sugars, free amino acids, organic acids, phenolic compounds, enzyme activities, antioxidant activities, and color differences among juices produced from four sugarcane varieties were investigated in this study. The data suggested that variety played an important role in the color and chemicophysical properties of sugarcane juice. The color of four varieties of sugarcane juice varied from greenish yellow to light brown. Bamboo cane juice and black rind sugarcane juice presented similar color properties and both had high contents of phenolic compounds and strong antioxidant activities. Yellow rind sugarcane juice with higher value of L* (26.10) and more pigment contents than the other varieties was attractive. Sucrose, glucose, β-alanine, chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, isochlorogenic acid, DPPH, and polyphenol oxidase activity had positive correlations with a* value. The effects of organic acids on color were limited. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study demonstrated the relationships between color parameters and contents of pigments, sugars, free amino acids, organic acids, phenolics, enzyme activities, and antioxidant activities of sugarcane juice. This could help to find out the coloration mechanisms of sugarcane juice. Our manuscript created a paradigm for future studies on color control during juice processing and storage.

In recent years, several passenger train derailment accidents occurred in the world. In order to guarantee the reliability and normal operations of railway passenger trains, an improved Group 2 and Linguistic Z-numbers (IG2-LZs) combined approach is proposed to analyze the causes of railway passenger train derailment accident (RPTDA). The weight and attribute value of each cause of accident are calculated by IG2 and LZs, respectively. In order to relax the three limitations of previous G2 approach, the Fault Tree is applied to figure out the least important cause of accident from all causes of accident; the minimum nonempty intersection sets , which can reflect the opinions of experts, are introduced to improve the interval assignment; left offset rate and right offset rate are introduced to improve the risk attitude factor from the experts. The Puyuma case happened in Taiwan is applied as the case study. The calculation results show that, the failure of Automatic Train Protection (ATP) belongs to the most contributed cause. A comparison of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), IG2-Triangular Fuzzy Number and previous G2-LZs show that the IG2-LZs is more reliable and reasonable than AHP, IG2-TFN or G2-LZs.

In this article, a new systemic risk assessment approach, which combines failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and pessimistic–optimistic fuzzy information axiom (POFIA) considering acceptable risk coefficient (ARC), is proposed to evaluate the risk of railway dangerous goods transportation system (RDNGTS). This approach transforms the system risk assessment problem into the rank problem of severity of risk factors affecting system security. The triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) are applied to score the severity of failures ( S ), portability of occurrence ( O ), and possibility of detection ( D ) for each RDNGTS risk subindicator. The information contents of S , O , and D are calculated for each risk subindicator, two models are applied to calculate the information contents: POFIA, and POFIA considering ARC (POFIA-ARC). The product of information contents of S , O , and D is used to replace the risk priority number of FMEA. entropy weight method is used to calculate the weight of each risk subindicator. The comparison among the FMEA-POFIA-ARC, FMEA-POFIA, FMEA, FMEA with TFNs is conducted based on the historical data of Chinese RDNGTS accidents from 1986 to 2017. Results show that the potential human risk should be paid more attention. Compared with the analysis results of statistical accident number, the results of the approaches proposed in this article (especially the FMEA-POFIA-ARC) are more reliable than the results of FMEA and FMEA TFNs combined approach.

Risk is an objective quantity applied to describe the degree of harm to a specific system of many activities and technologies. In order to manage risk successfully and ensure the normal operation of a system, an explicit system risk definition and a system risk analysis approach are essential. After analyzing the system risk change curve, a new definition of system risk is given, which is formulated as the risk energy change in a system. A Gaussian pulse energy function is introduced to calculate the changed risk energy, and a new unit $\text{H}$ is given to describe the system risk, where $\text{H}$ formulates each unit energy change in the system or subsystem caused by the risk pulse. Based on the Gaussian pulse energy function, an improved risk field is modeled and described from two perspectives: risk potential and risk field strength. The characteristics of the improved risk field are modeled and simulated, including the superposition law of the risk potential, superposition law of the risk field strength and risk force, the flux and divergence of the risk field, and the ring flux and rotation of the risk field. The risk potential superposition law and the risk field strength superposition law provide a new system risk analysis approach to explain the formation process of system coupling risk and the interaction laws of the risk factors in a system. Finally, a real-world case study is conducted by taking a railway dangerous goods transportation accident in 2001 as a background. The simulation results of risk pulse energy show that the system risk energy value of the risk-accident critical state is between 1.712e−04 $\text{H}$ and 1.922e−04 $\text{H}$ . When the fourth risk pulse appeared, the system risk change curve crossed the risk-accident critical state line, and the accident happened. The simulation results of the risk potential and risk field strength show that risk source 1 has the biggest risk potential value and risk field strength value, followed by risk sources 1, 3, and 4, which means that risk source 1 has the biggest contribution to the accident, and it has the biggest risk impact strength to other matters.

To investigate the effect of EGFR-TKI targeted therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Eighty-four cases of NSCLC were retrospectively assigned into an observation group (OG, n=42) and a control group (CG, n=42) according to the treatment methods. The CG received conventional chemotherapy, and the OG received icotinib hydrochloride EGFR-TKI targeted therapy. The clinical efficacy, cellular immunity, humoral immunity, quality of life, adverse reactions and survival time were compared between the two groups. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of advanced NSCLC.The total response rate was substantially higher, and the incidence of adverse reactions was considerably lower in the OG than those in the CG (all P0.05). The post-treatment SF-36 score was increased in both groups with significantly higher score in the OG than the CG (all P0.001). The post-treatment CD4EGFR-TKI targeted therapy can relieve clinical symptoms, and improve immune function and quality of life of patients with advanced NSCLC, which is worthy of clinical application.

In this paper a systemic approach that combines Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy information axiomatic design (TIFIAD) is proposed to identify the risk of railway dangerous goods transportation system (RDNGTS), which has seven steps: (1) identify potential risk factors and risk sub-indicators of RDNGTS; (2) define the failure criterion of severity of failures (S), portability of occurrence (O) and possibility of detection (D) of FMEA based on trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TrIFNs); (3) invite experts to score the TrIFNs of S, O and D for each risk sub-indicator; (4) aggregate the TrIFNs of S, O and D for each risk sub-indicator; (5) calculate the TIFIAD of each risk sub-indicator; (6) calculate the total TIFIAD of each risk sub-indicator; (7) calculate the total TIFIAD of each risk factor. Compared with FMEA, FMEA–TIFIAD has the following improvements: (1) The TrIFNs are applied to score the S, O and D of each risk sub-indicator of RDNGTS; (2) The TIFIAD of the S, O and D are calculated for each risk sub-indicator, the product of the S, O and D could replace the Risk Priority Number (RPN) of FMEA; (3) The Entropy Weight Method is used to calculate the weight of each risk sub-indicator. The calculation results show that the potential human risk should be paid more attentions; the FMEA–TIFIAD is more reliable and accurate than FMEA. Finally the improvement suggestions for managers and operators of RDNGTS are given.

In order to manage the railway dangerous goods transportation system (RDNGTS) successfully, an explicit and effective previous accident analysis and accident control approach is essential and necessary. In this study a Fault Tree and Fuzzy D-S Evidential Reasoning combined approach is proposed to analyze the RDNGTS accident, which can solve the uncertainty modeling and information fusion problems existing in RDNGTS accident analysis. The approach has six steps: (i) identify causes of accident and calculate their weights based on Fault Tree, (ii) establish the Fuzzy Belief Structure model of causes of accident, (iii) handle initial qualitative and quantitative data, (iv) fuse the pre-processing data based on Fuzzy D-S Evidential Reasoning algorithm, (v) allocate Confidence Level of fuzzy intersection and, (vi) rank the final Fuzzy Belief Structure of each component based on trapezoidal fuzzy numbers and triangular fuzzy numbers. A historical lithium battery railway transportation accident happened in 2016 in China is applied as the background to examine the approach mentioned in this paper. The results show that professional skills and attitudes of transportation staffs are the weakest component in this lithium battery railway transportation accident. Managers of RDNGTS in China should pay more attentions to the professional skills and attitudes of transportation staffs. Some measures such as improve the awareness of safety and protection, train and examine the professional skills of transportation staffs, may be helpful in curbing the negligent working attitude of transportation staffs. Furthermore, the results also show that D-S Evidential Reasoning could provide a unified modeling framework for uncertain, incomplete, inaccurate and even ignorant information. It could solve the limitations in probability reasoning processes effectively.

Alterations of aroma properties and aroma-related attributes of sugarcane juice during thermal processing under different temperatures (90, 100, and 110 ℃) and treating time (10 s, 20 s, and 30 s) were assessed in this study. Changes in the volatility of aroma compounds were extremely complicated and respected to thermal processing conditions. Fructose, serine, and glutanic acid of sugarcane juice were increased at first and decreased at the end of treatment at high temperature. Phenolic compounds and PPO activity presented the decrease trends throughout the thermal treatment. The thermal processing of sugarcane juice could be roughly divided into three stages based on the cluster analysis of all the data in this study. Sugars, amino acids, and phenolic compounds might be important potential precursors of aroma deteriorating reactions. The comprehensive analysis of aroma relevant compounds and enzyme activities was beneficial for the investigation of degradation mechanism of aroma for sugarcane juice, and providing a theoretical basis for optimization of juice processing. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study demonstrated the changing process of aroma quality and associated compounds in sugarcane juice during thermal processing. This could help to find out the reasons of aroma degradations in sugarcane juice and other thermal sensitive juice. Our manuscript created a paradigm for future studies on the aroma quality control and parameter optimization during the processing of fruit and vegetable juice.

In this paper a mathematical statistics and measurement approach called trans-logarithmic total cost function is used to give an objective calculation result to support Vertical Separation (VS) based reform of China railway industry. Three questions including whether the VS is suitable for the railway reform evolution in China, whether the VS can reduce the operation cost in China and the specific VS-based reform process are discussed and solved. Three total costs related parameters, two elasticity of marginal cost values, and three total income related parameters are applied to the decision-making. The results of case study show that: The passenger-freight transport combination is not helpful to reduce the total operation cost; Freight cost and network total cost, passenger cost and network total cost are replaceable; Passenger transport volume increases per 1%, the freight transport cost increases 2.154%, freight transport volume increases per 1%, the passenger transport cost increases 2.741%; It is inefficient when applied passenger-freight transport combination model; It is better to separate the passenger transport service, freight transport service and the railway network vertically. Finally, the detail China railway industry reform recommendations are presented with three steps: first, Railway Passenger Transport Corporation, Freight-Network Combination Corporation, Railway Freight Transport Corporation, Branch Railway Corporation and Public Interest Railway Corporation can be established and managed by China Railway Corporation, some powerful and related supporting policies should be formulated and carried out by State Railway Administration to ensure the reform enforcement; second, the investment approaches, railway industry incentives system etc. are the key reform elements; third, the passenger transport service, freight transport service and network service companies can be separated totally.

We have used angle-dependent soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the O K edge and first-principles calculations to investigate the electronic structures of iridate-based superlattices (SrIrO3)m/(SrTiO3) (m=1, 2, 3, and ∞). We focus on the pre-edge Ir 5d t2g-O 2p orbital hybridization feature in the XAS spectra. By varying the measurement geometry relative to the incident photon polarization, we are able to extract the dichroic contrast and observe the systematic increase in the anisotropy of Ir 5d orbitals as m decreases. First-principles calculations elucidate the orbital anisotropy coming mainly from the enhanced out-of-plane compression of IrO6 octahedra in the SrIrO3 layers that are adjacent to the inserted SrTiO3 layers. As m decreases, the increased volume fraction of these interfacial SrIrO3 layers and their contact with the SrTiO3 layers within the (SrIrO3)m/(SrTiO3) supercell lead to enhanced orbital anisotropy. Furthermore, the tilt and rotation of IrO6 octahedra are shown to be essential to understand the subtle orbital anisotropy in these superlattices, and constraining these degrees of freedom will give an incorrect trend. Our results demonstrate that the structural constraint from the inserted SrTiO3 layers, in addition to other electronic means such as polar interface and charge transfer, can serve as a knob to control the orbital degree of freedom in these iridate-based superlattices.

Subscription bus services (SBS) is a convenient and low-carbon rapid transport mode for passengers’ daily commute. The network design becomes a vital problem because it closely relates to both operators’ profit and passengers’ daily convenient traveling. In this paper, a two-stage model is formulated to optimize the subscription bus services network design (SBSND). During the first stage we minimize the total service distance and the number of vehicles as a single target objective function; vehicle capacity utilization rate, service time, ratio of service distance and linear distance between origin and destination are limited by means of constraints. During the second stage we share the same objective function and similar constraints used during the first stage, but the parameter settings of the constraints are different. Correspondingly, a two-stage algorithm is also designed to solve the SBSND problem. Firstly, we obtain the possible service lines, match the passengers and bus capacity. Next, we use Dijkstra to obtain the shortest SBS operation lines. Finally, we form the SBS network. The three phases are the main processes about the algorithm during both stages. The comparison between existing SBS in Chengdu city and the optimized SBS shows the high efficiency of the optimization model and algorithm formulated in this paper: the operation line length increases from 250.6 to 300.9 km; only 40 passengers have no SBS after optimization; the average operation time is reduced from 56.8 to 50.2 min.

A highly efficient heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed transfer semihydrogenation of internal alkynes was achieved in dimethylformamide at 145 ºC by using an MCM-41-immobilized bidentate nitrogen palladium(II) complex [MCM-41-2N-Pd(OAc)2] as catalyst and dimethylformamide/KOH as hydrogen source, yielding a variety of cis-alkenes in good to high yields with excellent stereoselectivity. This supported palladium catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration of the reaction solution and recycled up to seven times with almost consistent activity.

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) between water and water tank of AP1000 nuclear power plant has always been a hot topic because the gravity water tank plays a key role in protecting structural safety in an emergency such as an earthquake. The main target of this study is to investigate the FSI effect on structural dynamic responses of AP1000 shield building with filled and empty water tanks and to explore the most reasonable height of water level for reducing seismic response under inputs of multi three-direction earthquake excitations. For this purpose, method of nonlinear FSI algorithm of finite element is employed based on ANSYS platform. The numerical procedure is validated by comparison with theoretical calculation and existing experimental results of fluid free vibration and structural seismic responses in the situation of El Centro wave. Based on the validated numerical model, a series of numerical simulations on seven partially-filled models in six natural and one artificial earthquake are carried out and corresponding results, such as peak acceleration & displacement, floor response spectrum and structural base shear, are studied comparatively in details. Discussions of this study show that the partially-filled shield building appears significant FSI effect, which generates great influence on structural dynamic characteristics and responses. Reasonable design of the water level can contribute to reducing structural responses and improving seismic safety.

Adopting inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs) is a promising approach to assemble batteries using Li metal anodes because of their superior Li-ion conductivity and high mechanical strength. This approach greatly improves the energy density and the safety of batteries. However, lithium dendrites still can pierce the bare ISE because of inhomogeneous current distributions at interfaces, leading to serious short circuits. This work proposes to reduce the interfacial resistance and prevent lithium dendrite growth simultaneously through in situ formation of interlayers enabled by a conversion reaction of MoS2 layers coated on a bare Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZO) pellet. The interfacial resistance is reduced to only 14 Ω cm2, with the overpotential decreasing notably. The critical current density of cells is improved from 0.7 mA cm−2 to 2.2 mA cm−2. Furthermore, short circuits are significantly suppressed above the critical current density with the potential diverging quickly. The cell can be recovered to some extent by applying an inverse potential for a short time. The comparison between XPS and XAS measurements reveals that the nanoscale thin MoS2 layer in contact with the Li anode can be converted into an interlayer composed of Mo and Li2S through the conversion reaction. The sluggish kinetics of the conversion reaction resulting from the poor electronic conductivity makes the in situ-formed interlayer kinetically stable, which can hinder further reaction of MoS2 with Li effectively. Moreover, the in situ reaction could suppress the local tip electric field effect efficiently and make the current distribution more even. This study provides a new strategy to optimize the interface of anodes by screening for more candidates which undergo a conversion reaction.

To help online learners to efficiently get open courses they want to learn, we build a large knowledge graph of open courses. Our knowledge graph contains structured information of a large number of open courses, and also provides important links among concepts and courses. Based on the extracted prerequisite relations in the knowledge graph, learning paths of concepts and courses can be recommended to learners. More specifically, we define an ontology for open courses and extract structured information of courses guided by the ontology. Concept linking, prerequisite extraction, and course linking are performed, which enables the knowledge graph to provide helpful assistance to learners.

Wencheng Huang,1 Ruijie Xie,2 Yuancheng Hong,1 Qingui Chen2 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, The 910th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Quanzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Qingui ChenDepartment of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-135 8044 2523Email chqgui@mail2.sysu.edu.cnBackground and Aim: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a rather common comorbid condition among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), while evidence of how this comorbidity affects prognosis is limited. This study aimed to investigate the associations between COPD comorbidity and prognoses of patients who were admitted to the ICU for non-COPD reasons, and to examine whether the associations varied between different types of ICU.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using data extracted from a freely accessible critical care database (MIMIC-III). Adult (≥ 18 years) patients of first ICU admission in the database were enrolled as study participants but those with a primary diagnosis of COPD were excluded. The primary endpoint was 28-day mortality after ICU admission and multivariable Cox regression analyses were employed to assess the associations between COPD comorbidity and the study endpoints. Different adjusting models including a propensity score were used to adjust potential confounders.Results: A total of 29,499 patients were enrolled finally, among which 3,332 patients (11.30%) were comorbid with COPD. A higher 28-day mortality was observed among patients with COPD than those without COPD (13.90% versus 8.07%, P< 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients who needed mechanical ventilation on the first day after ICU admission between the two groups. Multivariable Cox regression analyses found a significant association between COPD comorbidity and 28-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio=1.32, 95% confidence interval=1.19– 1.47, P< 0.0001). The associations were broadly consistent among patients admitted to different types of ICU, but a much higher estimate was observed in patients admitted to cardiac surgery recovery unit (adjusted hazard ratio=2.03, 95% confidence interval=1.44– 2.86, P< 0.0001).Conclusion: Comorbid COPD increased the risk of 28-day mortality among patients admitted to the ICU for non-COPD reasons, especially for those admitted to the cardiac surgery recovery unit.Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, comorbidity, intensive care units, prognosis, risk factors

Most of the previous works abstracted the urban rail transit network (URTN) as a single-layer network, which does not fully consider the characteristic difference of each single line, the dependence among different lines, and the heterogeneity among different lines and transfer channels. Hence, we abstract each urban rail transit line as a single layer, the stations of the line are abstracted as nodes and the interval between adjacent stations is abstracted as an edge of a single-layer network. Transfer stations in different layers are connected and forms the transfer edges. Based on the established multi-layer directed weighted (time) network, we establish the structural characteristic analysis indexes including node degree, node betweenness, node efficiency, edge betweenness, layer betweenness and layer dependency. We add a new land layer network into the established multi-layer directed weighted network, and conduct cascading failure analysis on passenger travel considering node failure, edge failure and line failure, respectively. Two indicators including Passenger Travel Efficiency Ratio (PTER) and Passenger Flow Pressure of Lines (PFPL) are proposed to evaluate impact of cascading failure on network. A case study is conducted by using Chengdu Metro Network as the background. The results show that the proposed methodology is reasonable and effective.

In this paper, we formulate the formation mechanism of variability of Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) based on the risk pulse theory for the first time. The coupling and interactions among human errors, mechanical failures, terrible environment and organization factors might cause the system state change, and cause the variability during the operation processes of the system. Based on the collected historical occurrence frequency of each risk factor and the determined coupling and interaction relationships among the risk factors, the N-K model is used to calculate the coupling risk intensity, which provides a quantitative method to evaluate the variability of the functional module. The more frequent the coupling times, the greater the probability of the coupling. The greater the coupling intensity, the greater the risk and the greater the occurrence probability of accidents. Compared with previous improvement works, the historical statistical frequency of each risk factor is need during the calculation based on N-K model, the results are not influenced by experts. A case study is conducted by taking a railway dangerous goods transportation accident in 2001 as the background. The results show that N-K model is able to calculate the variability of the functional module, quantitatively and effectively.

In order to select the railway express freight train service sites under the condition of modern logistics in China, the railway express site planning indexes are established, including the third-p...

All-solid-state lithium-ion battery is considered to be one of the most promising next-generation battery technologies. Understanding the interfacial evolution of a solid electrolyte and a cathode electrode during mixing and sintering is of great importance and can provide guidance to avoid forming unwanted compounds and decrease the interfacial resistance. In this work, chemical compatibilities are investigated between a Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid electrolyte and major commercial metal-oxide cathodes LiCoO2 (LCO) and Li(NiCoMn)1/3O2 (NCM) through ball-milling and cosintering processes. As revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, LLZO spontaneously covers the majority of the large LCO and NCM particles with a thickness of ∼100 nm after ball milling. The thickness of LLZO layer on these cathodes decreases to about 10 nm after cosintering at 873 K, and an interfacial layer of approximately 3 nm is observed for NCM/LLZO. LCO shows a higher thermal stability than...

A customer-oriented dynamic cyclical adjustment approach is applied to optimize a high-speed railway train stop plan, which includes five steps that should be repeated until reasonable passenger tr...

Urban rail transit system operation performance evaluation results are important for government, transit operators and passengers. In this paper, we formulate an entropy-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) Method to evaluate the urban rail transit system’s operation performance from the operator’s, passenger’s and government’s perspectives. Firstly, we establish the evaluation indicator system with 8 indicators and a total of 41 sub-indicators, the operational data of the 41 sub-indicators will be used as the input of the approach. Second, we formulate our new approach to obtain the performance evaluation: the Entropy Weight Method (EWM) will be used to calculate the weight of each sub-indicator; the product of the corresponding probability and weight will be used to formulate the performance from operator’s, passenger’s and government’s perspectives; the TOPSIS will be used to calculate the comprehensive evaluation values and rankings of performance for each month. Third, the Chengdu subway with 34 months initial data will be chosen as the case study to test our new approach, the related suggestions to the government, to the passengers as well as the operators and managers will also be given.

A comfortable environment in railway passenger coaches can be regarded as a resource for social consumption during the transport process. Railway passenger comfort benefits (RPCBs) can be regarded as a special generalized cost. In this paper, we select a series of objective and subjective indexes to formulate a quantitative method of calculating the RPCB with considering ticket fares. This method includes three steps: make the initial data dimensionless, calculate the weight of each index, and finally calculate the RPCBs. The proposed method was validated with the data collected from two types of trains: G13 from Beijing South to Shanghai Hongqiao and T109 from Beijing to Shanghai. Also, questionnaire survey was conducted in both trains. After data processing, the results show that there is a linear relationship between the RPCB and ticket fare with a correlation coefficient of 0.9616.