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Abstract Coherent dispersive wave emission, as an important phenomenon of soliton dynamics, manifests itself in multiple platforms of nonlinear optics from fibre waveguides to integrated photonics. Limited by its resonance nature, efficient generation of coherent dispersive wave with ultra-broad bandwidth has, however, proved difficult to realize. Here, we unveil a new regime of soliton dynamics in which the dispersive wave emission process strongly couples with the splitting dynamics of the driving pulse. High-order dispersion and self-steepening effects, accumulated over soliton self-compression, break the system symmetry, giving rise to high-efficiency generation of coherent dispersive wave in the ultraviolet region. Simultaneously, asymmetric soliton splitting results in the appearance of a temporally-delayed ultrashort pulse with high intensity, overlapping and copropagating with the dispersive wave pulse. Intense cross-phase modulations lead to octave-wide broadening of the dispersive wave spectrum, covering 200–400 nm wavelengths. The highly-coherent, octave-wide ultraviolet spectrum, generated from the simple capillary fibre set-up, is in great demand for time-resolved spectroscopy, ultrafast electron microscopy and frequency metrology applications, and the critical role of the secondary pulse in this process reveals some new opportunities for all-optical control of versatile soliton dynamics.

Abstract Background Monitoring hand hygiene compliance (HHC) of healthcare providers (HCPs) in healthcare facilities is critical for hand hygiene (HH) promotion. However, less is known about the cost and effectiveness of different HHC monitoring tools. In this study, we aimed to compare various health economic indicators corresponding to electronic system-based monitoring (ESM) and manual paper-based monitoring (MPM) for HHC to provide evidence-based advice for HHC monitoring measures targeted selecting. Methods A before and after study in 40 clinical departments with 4,524 healthcare providers was conducted from December 2022 to January 2023 (MPM implementation phase) and March 2023 to May 2023 (ESM implementation phase). The cost-effectiveness, cost-efficiency, the extent of the Hawthorne effect, and indirect cost-benefit of the two monitoring methods were compared. Results The total cost spent on ESM for the 40 departments (17,702.92 CNY) was 4,123.76 CNY lower than that of MPM (21,826.68 CNY). The HHC of MPM (80.16%) was higher than that of ESM (69.82%) (p

Abstract Background Past research has focused on the analysis of the association between sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and screen time, respectively, and an indicator of physical fitness in adolescents. However, no studies have analyzed the interaction between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and screen time on physical fitness index. Methods Demographic information, lifestyle, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and screen time were investigated and physical fitness indicators were tested in 8136 adolescents aged 13–18 years from six geographic regions of China using stage-stratified whole population sampling. The chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the covariates. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare physical fitness index between different sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and screen time groups. Generalized linear model ordered logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the interaction between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and ST on physical fitness index. Results The differences in physical fitness index among different sugar-sweetened beverage consumers in child adolescents were all statistically significant in boys, girls, and in total (H-value of 72.415, 16.859, and 78.544, P 120 min/d (OR = 2.27, 95% CI:1.78, 2.89) had the the highest risk of reduced physical fitness index (P

The pyrolysis behavior of biomass is critical for industrial process design, yet the complexity of pyrolysis models makes this task challenging. This paper introduces an innovative hybrid model to quantify the pyrolysis potential of pine needles, predicting the entire process of their pyrolysis behavior. Through experimental analyses and kinetic parameter calculations of pine needle pyrolysis, the study employs a kinetic model with a chemical reaction mechanism. Additionally, it introduces an improved dung beetle optimization algorithm to accurately capture the primary trends in pine needle pyrolysis. The developed artificial neural network model incorporates meta-heuristic algorithms to address process error factors. Validation is based on experimental data from TG at three different heating rates. The results demonstrate that the hybrid model exhibits strong predictive performance compared to the standalone model, with coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.9999 and 0.999 for predicting the conversion degree and conversion rate of untrained data, respectively. Additionally, the standard errors of prediction (SEP) are 0.249% and 0.449% for predicting the conversion degree and conversion rate of untrained data, respectively.

Abstract Background Ice and snow sports, which are inherently high risk due to their physically demanding nature, pose significant challenges in terms of participant safety. These activities increase the likelihood of injuries, largely due to reduced bodily agility and responsiveness in cold, often unpredictable winter environments. The critical need for effective injury prevention in these sports is emphasized by the considerable impact injuries have on the health of participants, alongside the economic and social costs associated with medical and rehabilitative care. In the context of ice and snow sports environments, applying the E principles of injury prevention to evaluate intervention measures can guide the implementation of future sports safety and other health promotion intervention measures in this field. When well executed, this approach can substantially reduce both the frequency and severity of injuries, thereby significantly enhancing the safety and long-term viability of these challenging sports. Objective The objective of this study was to rigorously assess and statistically substantiate the efficacy of diverse injury prevention strategies in ice and snow sports, aiming to bolster future safety measures with solid empirical evidence. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods The overarching aim of this research was to meticulously aggregate and scrutinize a broad spectrum of scholarly literature, focusing on the quantifiable efficacy of diverse, multicomponent intervention strategies in mitigating the incidence of injuries within the realm of ice and snow sports. This endeavour entailed an exhaustive extraction of data from esteemed academic databases, encompassing publications up to September 30, 2023. In pursuit of methodological excellence and analytical rigor, the study employed advanced bias assessment methodologies, notably the AMSTAR 2 and GRADE approaches, alongside sophisticated random-effects statistical modelling. This comprehensive approach was designed to ensure the utmost validity, reliability, and scholarly integrity of the study’s findings. Results Fifteen papers, including 9 randomized controlled trials, 3 case‒control studies, and 3 cohort studies with 26,123 participants and 4,382 injuries, were analysed. The findings showed a significant reduction in injury rates through various interventions: overall injury prevention (RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.42–0.63), educational training (RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.34–0.73), educational videos (RR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.34–0.81), protective equipment (RR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.46–0.87), and policy changes (RR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.16–0.49). Subgroup analysis revealed potential heterogeneity in compliance (p = 0.347). Compared to controls, multicomponent interventions effectively reduced injury rates. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that multicomponent interventions significantly prevent injuries in ice and snow sports. By applying the E principles of injury prevention and constructing a framework for practical injury prevention research in ice and snow sports, we can gradually shift towards a systemic paradigm for a better understanding of the development and prevention of sports injuries. Moreover, sports injury prevention is a complex and dynamic process. Therefore, high-quality experiments in different scenarios are needed in future research to provide more reliable evidence, offer valuable and relevant prevention information for practitioners and participants, and help formulate more effective preventive measures in practice.

We demonstrate that by using a cascaded configuration of five solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) samples with progressively decreasing core diameters, ultraviolet light with wavelengths as short as ∼300 nm can be generated in a supercontinuum (SC) set-up. With a nanosecond laser as the pump light, the modulation instability effect leads to the generation of multiple optical solitons in the first PCF sample which has a close-to-zero dispersion value at the pump wavelength (∼1064 nm). The following PCF samples with decreasing core diameters enhance the waveguide nonlinearity, and at the same time provide continuously-shorter phase-matching wavelengths for dispersive-wave emission, thereby pushing the short-wavelength edge of the SC spectrum into the deep ultraviolet spectral region. While the PCF splicing technique ensures the compactness of this SC set-up, the generated SC spectrum, spanning ∼350 nm to ∼2000 nm with a flat spectral profile, may be applied in fluorescence microscopy and biochemical imaging.

Brillouin fiber laser with the non-resonance pumping configuration, has compact set-up, good wavelength tunability and high-power single-frequency-emission capability, being regarded as an important technique for highly-coherent light generation. Such Brillouin fiber lasers, using single-mode fiber (SMF) as the Brillouin gain medium, generally have high lasing thresholds and mode-hopping instabilities, resulting from the relatively-low Brillouin gain coefficient of the conventional SMF. Here, we report a compact, non-resonance-pumping Brillouin photonic crystal fiber laser that can generate kHz-level-linewidth single-frequency lasing with tens-of-mW lasing threshold. Mode-hopping instability of this laser is largely suppressed thanks to the short (∼20 m) cavity length, which gives rise to a free-spectral-range (FSR) value of ∼10 MHz properly matching the tens-of-MHz Brillouin gain bandwidth. Experimental results of both self-heterodyne and frequency-noise measurements indicate a laser linewidth of ∼1.4 kHz, corresponding to high linewidth-narrowing ratio of ∼18. No lasing line of high-order Stokes was observed in experiments as the laser pump power was gradually increased to ∼200 mW, giving a nearly-linear lasing slope.

Cubic press is the primary equipment for diamond production in China. Its key component, the hinge beam, bears continuous alternating loads in the working environment and is prone to failure and breakage. In this paper, a method combining response surface method (RSM) and multi-objective genetic algorithms (MOGA) is proposed to optimize the hinge beam of the new hexagon top press. Firstly, a parametric model of the hinge beam is established. The dimensions of key parts are treated as design parameters, while the maximum stress and displacement serve as objective functions. There is also a constraint on the maximum mass. Then, the optimal space-filling design (OSF) is used as the design of experiments (DOE) to obtain the design experimental points. The proxy model is obtained by the response surface method. Afterward, the global optimum solution is searched using the MOGA method, and the optimal result of the hinge beam is evaluated. The results show that the optimized hinge beam effectively improves stiffness and strength with a slight increase in weight. Stress concentration is also significantly reduced, providing a valuable reference for the design and development of the press.

Laser assistance and the use of a diamond tool with a negative rake angle are promising methods for machining hard and brittle materials. In this paper, a cutting force model and a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model were constructed to investigate the ductile removal mechanism of fused silica. Subsequently, in-situ laser assisted diamond cutting (LADC) experiments were performed to demonstrate the critical depth of cut (DOC), cutting force, and surface quality. As expected, the developed theoretical model demonstrated satisfactory accuracy in predicting the cutting force, with an error rate confined to 12%. Results indicated that the ductile machinability was enhanced with laser assistance due to a decrease in hardness, and the initiation of brittle fracture was reduced by high hydrostatic compressive stress when using a tool with a negative rake angle. A smooth and homogenous surface of fused silica with a surface roughness (Sa) of 13.8 nm was achieved for the application of a diamond tool with a rake angle of −65°.

Abstract Background Mechanical forces have an important role in the initiation and progression of orthopedic surgical incisions complications. To avoid incision complications with the reduction of dermal tension, surgeons may choose a buried continuous suture technique other than the traditional interrupted vertical mattress suture. Absorbable barbed sutures are widely used in orthopedics due to their convenience and reducing wound tension. The aim of this research is to compare and explain the advantages of running subcuticular suturing technique with absorbable barbed sutures for orthopedic surgical incisions closure. Methods Finite element models of layered skin and two different suture techniques, running subcuticular suture and intradermal buried vertical mattress suture, ware constructed. The mechanical property difference between standard sutures and barbed sutures was modelled using different contact friction coefficient. Pulling the skin wound was simulated, and the sutures’ pressure on the skin tissue was determined. Results Compared with traditional smooth sutures, the barbed sutures effectively increased the contact force for subepidermal layers, which led the less force variation between different layers. The results also suggested that subcuticular suture caused less stress concentration compared with intradermal buried vertical mattress suture. Conclusions In conclusion, our study indicated that running subcuticular suturing technique with absorbable barbed sutures for orthopedic surgical incisions closure results in more uniform stress distribution in the dermis. We recommend this combination as the preferred method of skin closure in orthopedic surgery unless contraindicated.

Neuroinflammation is the common pathological feature of neuropsychiatric diseases. Chrysin, a kind of natural flavonoid compound, was reported to exert antidepressant effects, however the direct targets of chrysin remain unclear. Currently studies showed chrysin alleviated CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. We found chrysin inhibited CUMS-induced microglia activation in mice. We further found that chrysin inhibited the activation of Fyn and NF-κB pathway, and decreased the expression of iNOS, COX2 and NLRP3. Furthermore, our data showed that chrysin can bind to Fyn using pull-down assay. Transfection siRNA-Fyn abolished the inhibitory effect of chrysin on activation of NF-κB pathway. This study revealed that targeting inhibition of Fyn by chrysin to alleviate CUMS-induced neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors via inhibiting the expression of iNOS, COX2 and NLRP3 mediated by inhibition of NF-κB pathway. Thus, this study has revealed, for the first time, Fyn was the direct target of chrysin against neuroinflammation and neuroinflammation-related depression.

Abnormal tool wear is a significant problem encountered in machining. MoS2 has the function of friction reduction; thus, to mitigate friction, two Ni-based coatings, Ni60 and Ni60 + 15 wt.% Ni/MoS2, were obtained on tungsten steel using supersonic plasma technology. The microstructure, phase structure, microhardness, fatigue properties, and friction and wear properties of the two coatings were characterized. The results show that the two plasma-sprayed Ni-based coatings have desirable structures. The addition of Ni-coated MoS2 can effectively improve the hardness of the coatings, with values reaching as high as 735 HV. The speed of rotation of the friction ball was set as 200 r/min, and the cutting force was 201.6 N. The fatigue performance as well as the friction and wear performance of the coating are simulated using ANSYS. The fatigue performance is improved by 12.6 % after adding 15 wt.% Ni/MoS2, and the friction system of the coating becomes stable after 25 min of contact. The addition of 15 wt.% Ni/MoS2 can effectively improve the performance of the tool material.

Introduction: Tracing the genetic causes for male infertility due to asthenoteratozoospermia has revealed at least 40 causative genes, which provides valuable reference for the genetic testing of asthenoteratozoospermia in clinical practice. To identify deleterious variants in the human tetratricopeptide repeat domain 12 (TTC12) gene in a large cohort of infertile Chinese males with asthenoteratozoospermia.Methods: A total of 314 unrelated asthenoteratozoospermia-affected men were recruited for whole exome sequencing. The effects of the identified variants were evaluated by in silico analysis, and confirmed by in vitro experiments. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was used to evaluate the efficiency of assisted reproduction technique therapy.Results and Discussion: Novel homozygous TTC12 variants (c.1467_1467delG (p.Asp490Thrfs*14), c.1139_1139delA (p.His380Profs*4), and c.1117G>A (p.Gly373Arg)) were identified in three (0.96%) of the 314 cases. Three mutants were indicated to be damaging using in silico prediction tools, and were further confirmed by in vitro functional analysis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and ultrastructural observation of the spermatozoa revealed multiple morphological abnormalities of flagella, with the absence of outer and inner dynein arms. Notably, significant mitochondrial sheath malformations were also observed in the sperm flagella. Immunostaining assays indicated that TTC12 is present throughout the flagella, and was strongly concentrated in the mid-piece in control spermatozoa. However, spermatozoa from TTC12-mutated individuals exhibited almost no staining intensity of TTC12 and outer and inner dynein arms components. The three men accepted ICSI treatment using their ejaculated spermatozoa, and two female partners successfully delivered healthy babies. Our findings provide direct genetic evidence that homozygous variants in TTC12 cause male infertility with asthenoteratozoospermia by causing dynein arm complex defects and mitochondrial sheath malformations in the flagellar. We also demonstrated that TTC12 deficiency-mediated infertility could be overcome by ICSI technology.

Microglia are the only resident innate immune cells derived from the mesoderm in the nerve tissue. They play a role in the development and maturation of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia mediate the repair of CNS injury and participate in endogenous immune response induced by various diseases by exerting neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects. Traditionally, microglia are considered to be in a resting state, the M0 type, under physiological conditions. In this state, they perform immune surveillance by constantly monitoring pathological responses in the CNS. In the pathological state, microglia undergo a series of morphological and functional changes from the M0 state and eventually polarize into classically activated microglia (M1) and alternatively activated microglia (M2). M1 microglia release inflammatory factors and toxic substances to inhibit pathogens, while M2 microglia exert neuroprotective effects by promoting nerve repair and regeneration. However, in recent years, the view regarding M1/M2 polarization of microglia has gradually changed. According to some researchers, the phenomenon of microglia polarization is not yet confirmed. The M1/M2 polarization term is used for a simplified description of its phenotype and function. Other researchers believe that the microglia polarization process is rich and diverse, and consequently, the classification method of M1/M2 has limitations. This conflict hinders the academic community from establishing more meaningful microglia polarization pathways and terms, and therefore, a careful revision of the concept of microglia polarization is required. The present article briefly reviews the current consensus and controversy regarding microglial polarization typing to provide supporting materials for a more objective understanding of the functional phenotype of microglia.

Abstract Background Relapsed childhood polymicrobial osteomyelitis associated with dermatophytosis has not been reported in the literature. Case presentation Here we report on a case of a 45-year-old man who had left tibial osteomyelitis for 29 years, accompanied by skin fungal infection of the ipsilateral heel for 20 years, and underwent a second operation due to recurrence of polymicrobial infection 6 years ago. The patient had a history of injury from a rusty object, which penetrated the anterior skin of the left tibia middle segment causing subsequent bone infection, but was asymptomatic after receiving treatments in 1983. The patient was physically normal until dermatophytosis occurred on the ipsilateral heel skin in 1998. The patient complained that the dermatophytosis was gradually getting worse, and the tibial wound site became itchy, red, and swollen. The left tibial infection resurged in May 2012, leading to the patient receiving debridement and antibiotic treatment. H&E and Gram-stained histology was performed on biopsy specimens of sequestrum and surrounding inflammatory tissue. Tissue culture and microbiology examination confirmed polymicrobial infection with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Corynebacterium and a fungus. Additionally, the patient also received potassium permanganate for dermatophytosis when he was admitted into the hospital. Conclusions Together with longitudinal follow-up of medical history, surgical findings, histopathological and microbiology culture evidence, we conclude that boyhood tibia polymicrobial osteomyelitis with S. aureus and Corynebacterium occurred in this patient, and the fungal activation of dermatophytosis may have led to osteomyelitis relapse.

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences is the property of Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences is the property of Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have begun to attract attention in the fields of field emission, nanoelectronic devices, nano machines and composite reinforced materials. But the traditional processing methods for cutting these increase tool wear. However, non-traditional processing can be used to machine materials of any hardness and strength. In this paper, the research trends of non-traditional processing of CNTs are critically reviewed. First, this study introduces the application of CNTs and their development history. Second, the surface morphology, purification and growth effects of laser-processed CNTs are summarised, these are analysed and discussed. Subsequently, the effects of ultrasonic parameters and other external parameters on the diormance of ultrasonically processed CNTs are analysed. Next, the effects of electrical and non-electrical parameters on the surface morphology of CNTs processed by micro-electro-discharge machining(μEDM) are compared, and a summary analysis is presented. In addition, the research on the improvement of the performance of CNTs by electrochemical machining(ECM) is reviewed and prospected. Simultaneously, different non-traditional processing of CNTs is discussed. Finally, the most recent progress in non-traditional processing of CNTs is described, and the future trends, which may potentially guide subsequent research studies, are predicted.